7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测课件

第7章圆柱齿轮

公差与配合应用

Chapter7Cylindricalgear'stoleranceandfitapplication迭忍诵痔檀镶早楷裙姓窿酋虾愧产吉攫瓜扶滥祁藻毅挚妓缉奴爱裤巳锄篱7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测第7章圆柱齿轮

公差与配合应用

Chapter7C1基本要求Basicrequirements目的：了解圆柱齿轮的公差标准Aim:TounderstandtolerancestandardsofCylindricalgear初步掌握：Grasppreliminarily:1.应用要求、加工误差Applicationrequirementsandmanufacturingerror2.评定指标Evaluationindex3.图样标注Labelsofpattern4.齿轮精度设计Designofgearaccuracy操作技能：评定指标的检验Manipulativeskill:Thetestofevaluationindex.逾涧鹏糟疑摆柴抱绩腾啥枪雪聪羹悔喇询眶先刨躬磁惨售储闺颠揣故仙抿7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测基本要求Basicrequirements目的：了解圆2特点Traits1结构紧凑Compactstructure2恒定的传动比Constanttransmissionratio3传动效率高Hightransmissionefficiency4可实现平行轴、相交轴和交错轴之间的传动Itcouldrealizethetransmissionbetweenparallelaxles,intersectantaxlesandinterlacedaxles5使用寿命长Longworkinglife6维护保养简单Sampletomaintain作用：传递空间任意两轴（平行、相交、交错）的旋转运动，或将转动转换为移动。Founction:Totransmittherevolvingmovementsofanytwoaxles(parallel,intersectantandinterlaced)inspace.Andtoconvertturntoshift.缺点：要求较高的制造和安装精度，加工成本高、不适宜远距离传动。Disadvantages:Itneedshigheraccuraciesofmanufactureandinstallment.Conversioncostishighanditisnotsuitableforlongdistancetransmission.灯辐棒巳换长姿端柏奄雍拒氨本事瑟茨帚腑拈这望泰瘦蚤敛求最痹责涯网7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测特点Traits作用：传递空间任意两轴（平行、相交、交3齿轮传动的类型Typesofgeardrive传动齿轮：转速较高，功率较大（汽车飞机等变速装置）Drivegear:Higherrotationrateandpower(Speedvariatorsinautomobilesandairplanes)动力齿轮：转速不高，传递扭矩（矿山机械起重机械）Powergear:Thespeedofrevolutionisnothighandittransmitstorque(miningmachineandhoistingmachinery)分度齿轮：精确回转（精密机床仪表中的分度装置）Dividinggear:Preciserotation(precisionmachinetoolanddividingdeviceininstrumentation)牲在乃贵厂什徘曾钠吏账姆咯诉皋哉侦兼鼎邓旁匆鸽桔升绞竹氨箩溉巫嗜7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿轮传动的类型Typesofgeardrive传动4

齿轮传动机构组成Theformofgeartransimissionmechanism齿轮副、轴、轴承、箱体…pairofgears,axles,bearingsandboxes…但瑰巢嗡胡九峻辟桅狈纪签挟何雁塌余开刨潘刽盯蜜淹售输迫催寞争院戎7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿轮传动机构组成Theformofgear5失效形式failuremode轮齿折断toothbreakage1.由于多次重复的弯曲应力和应力集中造成的疲劳折断；Thefatiguefracturewhichiscausedbyoft-repeatedbendingstressesandstressconcentration.2.由于突然严重过载或冲击载荷作用引起的过载折断。Theoverloadbreakwhichiscausedbysuddensevereoverloadorimpactload.直齿轮：齿宽较小的往往发生全齿折断,齿宽较大的直齿轮或斜齿轮则容易发生局部折断。Straightgear:Thegearswithsmallerbreadthoftoothoftenemergewholetoothfracturewhilethestraightgearsorhelicalgearswithbiggerbreadthoftoothareeasytoemergelocalbreak.呵绵洒帛淖笆贾遣检写丙刻倾桥寿批嘿惟疮益菩伏肋菌歧全氯沤埃初竭螟7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测失效形式failuremode轮齿折断too6一、轮齿的失效形式失效形式齿面点蚀Toothsurfacepitting原因：由于在齿面啮合处脉动循环变接触应力长期作用下，当应力峰值超过材料的接触疲劳极限，经过一定应力循环次数后，先在节线附近的齿廓表面产生细微的疲劳裂纹。随着裂纹的扩展，将导致小块金属剥落，产生齿面点蚀。Reason:Becauseofthelongtermeffectofpulsatingcyclicvariablecontactstressonmeshingpointoftoothsurface.Whenpeakstressexceedsmaterial’scontactfatiguelimit,hairlikefatiguecrackswillappearontoothprofilesurfacearoundnodellineaftercertainnumberoftimesofstresscycle.Withtheextendingofflaws.Scrapmetalwillpeelofftoproducetoothsurfacepitting.点蚀不良影响：影响轮齿正常啮合，引起冲击和噪声，造成传动的不平稳。Harmfuleffectsofpitting:Influencingthenormalengagementofgearteeth,causingconcussionsandnoise,creatingun-stationarytransmission.宝封行舶诈梢先馋桔绪稚灭菜博阐况肮章眠掸颂睹稀馁妆棋阎众瓶擅咙袋7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测一、轮齿的失效形式失效形式齿面点蚀Toothsu7一、轮齿的失效形式失效形式齿面胶合Toothsurfacebonding高速重载传动中，常因啮合区温度升高而引起润滑失效，致使齿面金属直接接触而相互粘连。当齿面相对滑动时，较软的齿面沿滑动方向被撕下而形成沟纹。Onhighspeedandheavyloadtransmission.Theraiseofmeshingzone’stemperatureusuallycauseslubricationlosingefficacytoleadtothedirectcontactsoftoothsurfacemetalandadhesionsofeachother.Whentoothsurfacesslitherrelatively,softertoothsurfacesaretorn-outonglidedirectiontoformgrooves.隋难免泪苗寡涵钵酝大肋菜季邪遍射境圣芒椿悟躬绞救赫聋叶皮圣副庸摄7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测一、轮齿的失效形式失效形式齿面胶合高速重8传动精度transmissionaccuracy齿侧间隙---齿轮副合理性backlashincirculartooth---Therationalityofgearpairs.1-1.齿轮的应用要求Applicationrequirementsofgears7.1应用要求及加工误差Applicationrequirementsandprocessingerrors传递运动的准确性Theaccuracyoftransfermotion传递运动的平稳性Thestabilityoftransfermotion载荷分布的均匀性Thehomogeneityofloaddistribution匆顶垄砌撅从利凋漳游洁噎绍克续啃乖阻痪指紫牵矗茹岳寡景旧盛李涩瓷7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测1-1.齿轮的应用要求Applicationrequi9要求从动轮与主动轮运动协调，应限制齿轮一转内传动比的不均匀性。Requiringthecoordinationofdrivenwheelandactionwheel’smovement.Wearesupposedtorestricttheunevenmovementsofgearsinoneround.1.传递运动的准确性Theaccuracyoftransfermotions.纶简挚擒垒渺筹摆班磐舔掸氛岛迎沈蜡葡嚏拓呜充收斤组喧擒拓赂饲肪图7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测要求从动轮与主动轮运动协调，应限制齿轮一转内传动比的不均匀性10要求:齿轮在转过一个齿距角的范围内，其最大转角误差应限制在一定的范围内。Requirement:Themaximumangularerrorshouldberestrictedinacertainrangewithintherangeofthatgearturningaroundoneangularpitch.一个齿距角内瞬时传动比→冲击、振动和噪声Instantaneoustransmissionratiowithinoneangularpitch→concussion,shakeandnoise.2.传动的平稳性Thestabilityoftransfermotion佰盔阂庸争太稳扣讣花监魂例碧部渴鸯胎度仆栽稗咱笑咬孵鞭卓劫幕蒙岗7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测要求:齿轮在转过一个齿距角的范围内，其最大转角误差应限制在一113.载荷分布的均匀性Thehomogeneityofloaddistribution轮齿啮合过程中，工作齿面沿全齿高和全齿长上保持均匀接触，并且接触面积尽可能的大。Intheengagementprocessofgearteeth.Workingflanksofteetharekeptinevencontactonwholeteethheightandwholeteethlengthandcontactareasshouldbeasbiggeraspossible.引起应力集中，造成局部磨损，轮齿折断，影响齿轮的使用寿命Causingstressconcentrationtoleadtoconcentratedwearandtoothbreakagesothatinfluencingworkinglifesofgears.藕蝴塘领天惰受异尔三迪莱忻讨曰治脚崔抉窖善范玫抒外匆卸氓咬盗审邮7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测3.载荷分布的均匀性Thehomogeneity12齿轮传动过程中，非接触面之间一定要有合理的间隙。Theremustbereasonableclearancebetweennon-contactsurfaceintheprocessofgeartransmission.4.齿轮副侧隙的合理性Rationalitiesofbacklashesofgearpairs1.贮存润滑油storeuplubricatingoil2.补偿齿轮的变形compensatethedistortionsofgears3.制造和安装误差所引起的尺寸变动sizechangeswhicharecausedbyManufacturingandinstallationerrors厌阑牡两泉惧疾腾刷汛妒尸驭匣烃隅逆快掀芬喉糟溢袜居授编黄敖咎蜡芹7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿轮传动过程中，非接触面之间一定要有合理的间隙。The13不同齿轮的传动精度要求Transmissionaccuracyrequirementsofdifferentgears传动齿轮Drivegear传递运动的准确性Theaccuracyoftransfermotion传动的平稳性Thestabilityoftransfermotion载荷分布的均匀性Thehomogeneityofloaddistribution动力齿轮Powergear载荷分布的均匀性Thehomogeneityofloaddistribution齿轮副侧隙的合理性Rationalitiesofbacklashesofgearpairs分度齿轮Dividinggear传递运动的准确性Theaccuracyoftransfermotion齿轮副侧隙为零Thebacklashesofgearpairsarezero纲缸硝薪呀至披汞将员胶田漫衔颁穿富煤女犹搪湘跳谣驳到谷基优措蠢猾7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测不同齿轮的传动精度要求Transmissionaccur14加工方法：rocessingmethods:按齿廓形成原理→仿形法Accordingtotoothprofiles’formingprinciples→formcuttingmethod展成法generatingmethod7.2加工误差的来源与分类Theoriginsandclassificationsofmismachiningtolerance蛤蹈慢炔顾慢名从电领请译滓井豹九尺篷汹迁萨酬纸柳贺事酝那袄瑚韧董7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测加工方法：rocessingmethods:7.2加工误15滚齿机hobbingmachine滚刀hobbingcutter进给feedωω0范成运动generatingmotion齿轮滚刀Gearcutterhob被加工齿轮Machinedgear厂语凉鸵读皋抬厌词沂窿泌惮烟具卢晰缩蕾谩噎吩候锁闹邪儒霜羌探拦断7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测滚齿机hobbingmachine滚刀hobbing16误差来源Sourcesoferrors工艺系统：机床、夹具、刀具、齿坯本身Processsystem:machinetool,fixture,cutterandgearblanksthemselves.安装、调整Installandadjust缨予盔恍烛蔷续胶瘤蛛医钮贺极圆秦肘食佐谱唤稿得惠稚有寄勺棚秒劝辱7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测误差来源Sourcesoferrors工艺系统：机床17齿坯Gearblankej

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oo′齿圈Gearring孔的同心圆Concentriccircleofholeo′oej1>几何偏心ejGeometriceccentricity1齿轮加工误差来源Thesourcesoferrorsingearmachining箕姜涵幌灸恼畴怎贿锻缉回博十凌肢趟炉安宽蹬跌舀苗召鸣碍脸嚏卑卯必7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿坯Gearblankejoo′o182>运动偏心ey→ek+分度蜗轮加工误差Eccentricmotioney→ek+mismachiningtolerancesofdividingwormwheel1分度蜗轮dividingwormwheel2蜗杆worm3滚刀hobbingcutter4齿坯gearblanks34ejedo—

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12ekewo”o琅逸界荧涣槛章忘弱葛唬粗肮梁档浸皆耐癸啦棠兽幸毫报谱粘寄患扫稼支7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测2>运动偏心ey→ek+分度蜗轮加工误差Eccen19Gearswitheccentricmotions翱桥迅完芒吊咎瓮蔼功淑箔汞幅防荧镭晌镇拈疥橱踩组虐渤决篮凰夺察前7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测Gearswitheccentricmotions翱203〉机床传动链的高频误差HighfrequencyerrorsofMachinetooltransmissionchains原因：分度蜗杆的安装偏心和轴向蹿动,导致蜗轮（齿坯）转速不均匀Reasons:Theinstallationeccentricitiesandaxialdriftingofindexingwormscontributetoinhomogeneousspeedsofwormgears(gearblanks).结果：加工出的齿轮有齿距偏差和齿形偏差Results:Processedgearshavepitchdeviationsandprofiledeviations.耽藐押女翘腕尸岔杜溃横拖访肝填桃拂夕盏追渗弱芬犬苛胚勒运箕韧播灵7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测3〉机床传动链的高频误差Highfrequency214〉滚刀的安装误差和加工误差Installationerrorsandmismachiningtolerancesofhobbingcutters34ejedo—

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12ekewo”o滚刀偏心→edEccentricityofhobbingcutter未随健峪喇靠筹嫁桅疵互窜袄矽刃纷蔑饵疡心沦焊蹲臼所獭乍裸肠汀郭荐7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测4〉滚刀的安装误差和加工误差Installationerr222.齿轮加工误差的分类

Theclassificationsofgearmachiningerrors㈠按表现特征可分为4类：Itcouldbedividedintofourclassesacordingtoperformancecharacteristic齿廓误差齿距误差ToothprofileerrorPitcherror齿向误差齿厚偏差ToothalignmenterrorTooththicknessdeviation齿廓相对于工件的旋转中心分布不均匀Toothprofileisirregularlydistributedtorotatingcenteroftheworkpiece.齿廓不是理论的渐开线Toothprofileisnottheoreticalinvolute.齿面沿齿轮轴线方向的形状和位置误差Toothflank’sformandpositionerrorsalonggearaxis.齿厚相对于理论值在整个齿圈上不一致Tooththickness’sinconformitytotheoreticalvalueonwholegearring.朱迅死絮哄遭向率拙亨喜缮臼雨奠笛涣幻瞳卫淀蔚蛾源腔滨溯撮肚臃沥问7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测2.齿轮加工误差的分类

Theclassification23㈡按方向特征可分为3类Itcouldbedividedintothreeclassesaccordingtodirectionalfeatures.径向误差切向误差轴向误差RadialerrorsTangentialerrorsAxialerrors齿高方向齿厚方向齿向方向ToothheightdirectionTooththicknessdirectionDirectionoftooth↓↓↓瞧朗譬蓑器劈寥鹤裴佛戏衍挂咐秆萤本设疚尚钳借钞芥稻嚏吟事崎弗用圣7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测㈡按方向特征可分为3类Itcouldbedivi24㈢按周期或频率特征可分Accordingtocycleorfrequencycharacteristic,itcoulddividedinto…长周期误差Longcycleerror短周期误差Shortcycleerror传递运动的准确性Theaccuracyoftransfermotion工作平稳性Workstability以齿轮一转为周期Regardgear’soneturnascycle以齿轮一齿为周期Regardgear’sonetoothascycle彼宅闲弗编痕鸳农诽孵挟宫屎肛毁鹊幕洼傅哲催瘫胜料公胰惰贵胳乱价嗡7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测㈢按周期或频率特征可分Accordingtoc25圆柱齿轮传动公差Transmissiontolerancesofcylindricalgears第Ⅰ公差组No.1Tolerancegroup传递运动的准确性Theaccuraciesoftransfermotions第Ⅱ公差组No.2Tolerancegroup传动的平稳性Thestabilitiesoftransmissions第Ⅲ公差组No.3Tolerancegroup载荷分布的均匀性ThehomogeneitiesofloaddistributionsGB/T10095.1-2001

GB/T10095.2-2001堡篡锦欲恼袭璃纶秀景统辩瘪疗稳轿痈帝灶独隔在知廉今特嘿恬琢俏挛釜7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测圆柱齿轮传动公差Transmissiontolera26传递运动准确性的评定指标Theevaluationindexesoftransfermotionaccuracy传递运动平稳性的评定指标Theevaluationindexesoftransfermotionstability载荷分布均匀性的评定指标Theevaluationindexesofloaddistributionhomogeneity影响侧隙的单个齿轮因素Singlegearfactorwhichinfluencessideshake7.3单个齿轮的评定指标Theevaluationcriteriaofsinglegear菇钩诊塔疲振皇哮阑蝉替辜藕烧灌义遂窟曳秆躲狈蜀圃寝脖两肯产蔬翻昔7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7.3单个齿轮的评定指标菇钩诊塔疲振皇哮阑蝉替辜藕烧灌义27-1传递运动准确性的检测项目Theinspectionitemsoftransfermotionaccuracy切向综合总偏差（Fi′）Tangentialgeneraldeviation齿距累积总偏差（Fp）Cumulativepitcherror径向跳动（Fr）Radialrunout径向综合总偏差（Fi〞）Radicalgeneraldeviation公法线长度变动（△Fw）Thechangesofbasetangentlength档段铂潮秤廷烃舌泰重肉荒吏酋窃迹寨呈帅锰启臭泼熄箭斋栋凰噪脖疟怯7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测-1传递运动准确性的检测项目Theinspection28单项评定指标Singleevaluationindex齿轮一转范围内，测头在齿槽内与齿高中部双面接触，测头相对于齿轮轴线的最大变动量称齿圈径向跳动。Withingear’soneturnrange,gaugeheadiscontactedindoublesideswithtoothheightmiddlepartwithintoothspace.Themaximumvariationthatgaugecontainstowardgearaxisiscalledgearringradicalrunout.逛苍哟宗茄颁乔啸承琴浅谊臆聂捉张恢蜀几帆敖霓嫡倚祝常渠眨一斯拴苫7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测单项评定指标Singleevaluationind29Fr主要反映由于齿坯偏心引起的齿轮径向长周期误差。Frmainlyreflectsthegearradicallongtermerrorwhichiscausedbytheeccentricityofgearblanks

可用齿圈径向跳动检查仪测量，测头可以用球形或锥形。Itcouldtestedbygearringradicalrunoutdetector.Gaugeheadcouldusesphereortaper.擒溃旺宛嘉羌舜删息渣辊芯奢祝器瘤史残殿韦环太枯捷擅眠愤贬勋廓咒浩7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测Fr主要反映由于齿坯偏心引起的齿轮径向长周期误差。30-2传动工作平稳性的检测项目Theinspectionitemsofdrivingworkstability一齿切向综合偏差fi′Toothtangentialandgeneraldeviation一齿径向综合偏差fi〞Toothradicalandgeneraldeviation齿廓偏差Toothprofiledeviation基圆齿距偏差fpbBasecirclepitchdeviation单个齿距偏差fptSinglepitchdeviation册墒诞尔柜她封轧宦看凌听放摔肋痴志层遵奈芬览枝铆非匈姬旨洲硅颅抛7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测-2传动工作平稳性的检测项目Theinspect31-3载荷分布均匀性的检测项目Theinspectionitemsofloaddistribution’shomogeneity螺旋线偏差：在端面基圆切线方向上测得的实际螺旋线偏离设计螺旋线的量Helixdeviation:Thetestedamountthatactualhelixdeviatesfromdesignedhelixonthetangentialdirectionofendfacebasecircle.（1）螺旋线总偏差Fβ在计值范围内，包容实际螺旋线迹线的两条设计螺旋线迹线间的距离HelixtotaldeviationFβWithintherangeofvalues,thedistancesbetweentwodesignedhelixpathlineswhichincludehelixpathlines.（2）螺旋线形状偏差ffβ在计值范围内，包容实际螺旋线迹线的两条与平均螺旋线迹线完全相同曲线间的距离HelixshapedeviationffβWithintherangeofvalues,thedistancesbetweentwocurveswhicharesameasaveragehelixpathlinesandincludingactualhelixpathlines.（3）螺旋线倾斜偏差fhβ在计值范围的两端与平均螺旋迹线相交的设计螺旋线迹线间的距离HelixinclinedeviationfhβWithintherangeofvalues,thedistancesbetweendesignedhelixpathlinesthatbothendsareintersectantwithaveragehelixpathlines.苇棒傻酌姻镑脚碍佑选蚁辊捐土舒唉嘴骑辟狞廊腿堡肿瑟银灰袒荧朋螺太7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测-3载荷分布均匀性的检测项目Theinspection32-4影响侧隙的单个齿轮因素Singlegearfactorsthatinfluencesideshakes1齿厚偏差fSn

Tooththicknessdeviation

齿厚的上偏差（ESnS）Theupperdeviationoftooththickness

下偏差（ESni）Lowerdeviation一般都为负值Commonlytobenegativevalue2公法线长度偏差Basetangentlengthdeviation欲障驯臣彬鞘皖铱邪陶萤翁祷征槽拈誊农刺吞爸由蘸脓捍簿寨鸽吠驹贡盖7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测-4影响侧隙的单个齿轮因素Singlegea337.4齿轮副评定指标Theevaluationindexesofgearpairs1轴线的平行度误差Theparallelismerrorsofaxes2中心距偏差Thedeviationsofcentre-to-centreseparations3接触斑点Contactspot4齿轮副的侧隙Thesideshakeofgearpair卷瞳婚噶婪凭咐尿悟黍瞥颜梨榆闯割轿铂湃舷奏逾泅邱窒厦穆寻装苏迂沟7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7.4齿轮副评定指标Theevaluationi344齿轮副侧隙Thesideshakeofgearpair齿轮副的最小极限侧隙应根据齿轮工作时的温度和润滑条件确定，与齿轮的精度等级无关。Theminimumlimitsideshakeofgearpairshouldbeascertainedbygear’sworkingtemperatureandlubricationcondition.Ithasnothingtodowiththegear’saccuracyclass.高温工作的传动齿轮，为保证正常润滑，避免发热卡死，要求有较大的侧隙；Thereshouldbebiggishsideshakefordrivegearworkinginhighterperature.Thatistoensurenormallubricationandpreventingthegearfromfeverandjammed而需正反转或读数机构的齿轮，为避免空程，则要求较小的侧隙。Thereshouldbelessersideshakeforthegearstopreventidlestrokewhichneedpositiveinversionorreadingmechanism.板揍号祭潮羽画中钉授礼箭甚得偷绕绵蓑镇钦短涣谩荫覆鲤咱邪俐衬果闰7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测4齿轮副侧隙Thesideshakeofge35★侧隙获得方法Themethodstoobtainsideshake1.基齿厚制:即固定齿厚的极限偏差，通过改变中心距的基本偏差来获得不同的最小极限侧隙，此方法用于中心距可调的机构。Basegearthickness:Fixgearthickness’slimitdeviations.Obtainingdifferentminimumlimitsidegapsthroughchangingthebasicdeviationsofcentre-to-centreseparations.Thismethodisusedforthemechanismsofwhichcentre-to-centreseparationsaretunable.2.基中心距制:即固定中心距的极限偏差，通过改变齿厚的上下偏差来得到不同的最小极限侧隙，国标采用后一种.Basecentre-to-centreseparationdistancesystem:Fixcentre-to-centreseparation’slimitdeviation.Obtainingdifferentminimumlimitsidegapsthroughchangingtheupperandlowerdeviationsofgearthickness.ChineseStandardadoptsthelatter.莆聚俩羌芦六泣嫩凹涤虚民已蛮未嫉仪稀筛拉全快夫鞘猛菌笑彪靶网奢母7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测★侧隙获得方法Themethodstoo36jbnminjbnmin=jbn1+jbn2工作温度润滑方式圆周速度WorkingtemperatureLubricationmethodPeripheralspeed补偿温升引起的变形Compensatethedistortionscausedbytemperaturerise保证齿轮工作面的正常润滑Ensurethenormallubricationongear’sworkingsurface最小法向极限侧隙Theminimumlimitsideshakeonnormal卸朝沸族英浙距恕浴良崖漓峻赚耐名钱苞鲜糊秘搽戳览焰败范朗鸦喜酿呵7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测jbnminjbnmin=jbn1+jbn2工作温度37Jbn2取决于润滑方式和齿轮工作的圆周速度Jbn2liesonlubricatingmethodandtheworkingperipheralspeedofgear润滑方式lubricatingmethod圆周速度Vm/speripheralspeedV≤1010＜V≤2525＜V≤60V＞60喷油润滑Oilinjectionlubrication0.01mn0.02mn0.03mn0.03～0.05mn油池润滑Oilsumplubrication0.005～0.01mn注：mn为法向模数mmmnisnormalmodulus劈炊叔肝吞懈毁耍沁昏埋蚊驼聪扫幂睫寒共诗囊渝蜡抖乳瑞葡诌哥毛儒艳7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测Jbn2取决于润滑方式和齿轮工作的圆周速度Jbn2lies387.5渐开线圆柱齿轮

精度设计Theprecisiondesignofinvolutecylindricalgear齿轮精度等级的确定Theascertainmentofgear’saccuracyclass齿轮副侧隙、齿厚极限偏差的确定Theascertainmentofbacklashofgearpairandlimitdeviationoftooththickness齿坯精度和齿轮表面粗糙度Precisionofgearblanksandroughnessofgearsurfaces图样标注Patternannotation庄攒揭吓安锅郑召吏芋密仇藤瘴逃秒硕凸寡莹壮衙耿滩恤啼邀妨波斟染颂7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7.5渐开线圆柱齿轮

精度设计Theprecision39GB/T10095.1-2001《渐开线圆柱齿轮精度第1部分轮齿同侧齿面偏差的定义和允许值》《TheaccuracyofinvolutecylindricalgearPart1Thedefinitionsandallowablevaluesoftoothflanktoothsurfacedeviations》GB/T10095.2-2001《渐开线圆柱齿轮精度第2部分径向综合偏差与径向跳动的定义和允许值》《TheaccuracyofinvolutecylindricalgearPart2Thedefinitionsandallowablevaluesofradialintegrateddeviationsandradialrunout》GB/Z18620.1～4指导性技术文件Technicalguidancedocument怂瑰秽倔组雍绣轻渔暑嘘真财矾前眠琶穗宵原娘踏馋帕酶疡神肾南唆么伙7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测GB/T10095.1-2001《渐开线圆柱齿轮精度第140分度圆直径：5～10000mmstandardpitchdiameter法向模数：0.5～70mmnormalmodulus齿宽：4～1000mmtoothwidth标准适用范围Thescopeofapplicationsforstandards蕉蜕膘峪延箭谗水扬世桔班烷患虎删鹏孙冬坚觉矮呸沿杏陛披匿抚袒馁深7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测分度圆直径：5～10000mm标准适用范围Thesc4113个精度等级Thirteenaccuracyclasses0、1、23～56～89～12待用inactive高精度等级Highaccuracyclasses中等精度等级Middleaccuracyclasses最低精度等级Thelowestaccuracyclasses7GB/T10095.2（1）—2001一、渐开线圆柱齿轮精度等级Theaccuracyclassesforinvolutecylindricalgears育帘葛租琵灼撒胆遭妈住献君泉愧剁撼拐膏军平丛专醇哲绢掉洋蛤卸隔佳7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测13个精度等级Thirteenaccuracyclas421.齿轮精度等级的选择Theselectionforgearprecisiongrade根据用途、使用要求、传递功率、圆周速度及其它技术要求而定，同时考虑切齿工艺及经济性。Accordingtoapplications,operatingrequirements,transmittedpower,peripheralspeedandothertechnicalrequirementsthusthinkingaboutcuttingprocessandeconomy.选择原则Selectionprinciples卸肚酥腋夹膏臃然铱蛾柿饶玖玖耶瓦字顽浙饶潍密税做貉觉陀姨汝怖敢勘7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测1.齿轮精度等级的选择Theselectionfor43选择方法Selectionmethods1）．计算法computationtechnique依据齿轮传动用途的主要要求，计算确定出其中一种使用要求的精度等级，再按其他方面要求，作适当协调，来确定其它使用要求的精度等级.Accordingtothemainrequirementsofgeardriveapplications,calculatingandascertainingoneusagerequirement’saccuracyclass.Thenaccordingtootherrequirementsofotheraspectsandmakingpropercoordinationtoascertaintheaccuracyclassesofotherusagerequirements.斡思鸟景涕庇引瞬脚沉像账凸诞屎抖涂赢勉燎冻尔木熔瞅组沥旷榷殴痰乃7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测选择方法Selectionmethods1）．计算法44当对传递运动准确性没有特别要求时，第Ⅰ公差组的精度常比第Ⅱ公差组低一个等级。Whentherearenospecialrequirementsfortheaccuracyoftransfermotion.TheprecisionaccuracyofNo.1TolerancegroupisusuallylowerbyoneclasstoNo.2Tolerancegroup当所传递的功率不特别大时，第Ⅲ公差组一般采用和第Ⅱ公差组相同的精度等级。Whenthetransmissionpowerisnotveryhigh.No.3TolerancegroupusuallyadoptsthesameaccuracyclassesasNo.2Tolerancegroup.齿轮副中两齿轮对应公差组的精度采用同级，也允许不同级。Thecorrespondingtolerancegroupsthatareoftwogearsingearpairsalsoadoptdifferentclasses.齿轮圆周线速度→第Ⅱ公差组的精度等级Gear’scircumferentiallinevelocity→TheaccuracyclassesofNo.2Tolerancegroup

No.1TolerancegroupNo.2TolerancegroupNo.3TolerancegroupTheaccuraciesoftransfermotionsThestabilitiesoftransmissionsThehomogeneitiesofloaddistributions入幸凑梯锗纷它杖裳碴宦镶渣鸥恫所隋句末囊读议翼杠滑瘸跺陡蔼拳彼描7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测当对传递运动准确性没有特别要求时，第Ⅰ公差组的精度常比第Ⅱ452）．类比法Themethodsofanalogue依据以往产品设计、性能试验以及使用过程中所积累的经验、可靠的技术资料，经过与所设计的齿轮在用途、工作条件及技术性能上作对比后，选定其精度等级。Accordingtotheaccumulatedexperiencesandreliabletechnicaldatafrompastproductsdesign,performancetestanduseprocedure.Choosingtheaccuracyclassesaftercomparingwiththedesignedgearsonapplications,workingconditionsandtechnicalfunctions.址愈确哉紫萨谩勋昔郑窍销篇糖媚娩耀汹院哎甫篙捶牺合凯锰吠蛮垦判弛7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测2）．类比法Themethodsofanalogue46各种机械采用齿轮的精度等级Theadopttedgear’saccuracyclassesfordifferentmachines应用范围精度等级应用范围精度等级测量齿轮3～5拖拉机6～10汽轮减速器3～6一般用途的减速器6～9精密切削机床3～7轧钢设备的小齿轮6～10一般金属切削机床5～8矿用绞车8～10轻型汽车5～8起重机械7～10重型汽车6～9农业机械8～11航空发动机4～8磅衬付肺吟幸画芽姐谍琢蛊湛饵倚你渍鹊杜希减赫赊房川额惊冗梳留炒让7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测各种机械采用齿轮的精度等级Theadoptted47精度标注Precisionannotation精度等级accuracyclass侧隙代号齿厚极限偏差Sidegapcodeandlimitdeviationoftooththickness

标准代号Standardcode2.齿轮精度等级标注Thelabelforgear’saccuracyclass阔赔内耳袁湿脆秃碉异结襟做仆嘱知货涤聪邢远愿裂讫瞻透巾变芜陶测住7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测精度标注Precisionannotation精度等级侧隙48

-0.330-0.495４（）GB/T10095.2—2001例：7-6-6GMGB/T10095.2—20017FLGB/T10095.2—2001表示齿轮第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ公差组的精度分别为7级、6级、6级。TheprecisionaccuracyofthetolerancegroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢforgearsarerespectivelyasclass7,6and6.齿厚上、下偏差代号分别为Ｇ、Ｍ。Gear’supperandlowerdeviationcodesarerespectivelyasＧandＭ.吨写诺遁蹦荧溪镣恐抨躲瓮疑问戏链辊瞅搪落矮耕曾者阜段洞烟欣僵龄谊7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测-0.330４（）GB/T10095.2—2049二.齿厚极限偏差代号Thecodeforlimitdeviationoftooththickness齿厚极限偏差的数值=齿距极限偏差（fpt）的倍数Thenumericalvalueoflimitdeviationoftooththickness=Themultipleoftransversepitchlimitdeviation

国标规定:14种齿厚极限偏差的数值，大写的英文字母表示。Nationalstandard:14kindsofnumericalvaluesforlimitdeviationoftooththicknessandindicatedbycapitallettersinEnglish.蔗芋白违错膝渺气锚赣雏保槽裁懊换股狈宝瘦矛韭漓帧锨橇每厅神哑钠辩7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测二.齿厚极限偏差代号Thecodeforlimit50三.齿轮坯的精度和齿轮面粗糙度PrecisionofgearblanksandRoughnessofgearsurface种类Types项目名称

ProjectName尺寸公差Sizetolerances齿顶圆直径的极限偏差轴孔或齿轮轴轴颈的公差键槽宽度b的极限偏差和尺寸d-t的极限偏差形位公差geometricaltolerances齿顶圆的径向跳动公差齿轮端面的跳动公差齿轮孔轴的圆柱度公差（0.3倍尺寸公差）键槽的对称度公差判啸尉邮伦产氢歉骚秦硒削挺瘸垢掸驰绪昨固虐遇虹均鹤问惺字腆姐题赋7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测三.齿轮坯的精度和齿轮面粗糙度Precisionofg51齿轮精度等级Gearprecisiongrade123456789101112孔hole尺寸公差dimensionaltoleranceIT4IT4IT4IT4IT5IT6IT7IT8轴shaft尺寸公差dimensionaltoleranceIT4IT4IT4IT4IT5IT6IT7IT8顶圆直径公差Crowndiametertoleranceh6h7h8h9h11齿坯公差Toothblanktolerance慢尹亦哄熏操斌庶诉辙冕狠傻脯且物肘禄悠沧迹肉磕骑嘎哎握髓投睫颅到7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿轮精度等级Gearprecisiongrade678952齿坯基准面径向和端面跳动公差Radialandendfacerunouttolerancesforgearblank’sbasicface

分度圆直径/mmpitchdiameter精度等级单位：μm

accuracyclass大于Biggerthan到to1和23和45和67和89到12---1252.871118281254003.691422364008005.012203250痉柿滥臣锹酵仓汗誓苑你财走妻踩床咏籍痛里轰虑傅税支砖辊线陡句焉贡7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿坯基准面径向和端面跳动公差Radialande53齿轮表面粗糙度Roughnessofgearsurface齿面的表面粗糙度对齿轮的传动精度(噪声和振动)、表面承载能力(点蚀、胶合和磨损)和弯曲强度(齿根过渡曲面状况)等都会产生很大的影响。Gears’surfaceroughnesswouldexertbigeffectsongear’stransmissionaccuracy(Noiseandvibration),surfacecarryingcapacity(corrosivepitting,gluetogetherandwearandtear)andbendingstrength(Filletsurfacecondition).齿轮精度等级56789轮齿齿面0.32～0.630.63～1.251.252.55（2.5）510齿面加工方法磨齿磨或珩齿剃或珩齿精滚精插插齿或滚齿滚齿铣齿齿轮基准孔0.32～0.631.251.25～2.55齿轮轴基准轴颈0.320.631.252.5齿轮基准端面2.5～1.252.5～55齿轮顶圆1.25～2.55（6.3）单位：μm汞情宫潘枝阻惯烽芭她粒政霓姿毅邦没锭慎责庞当札老沧淌透痛肛棺郸确7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿轮表面粗糙度Roughnessofgearsurf54四、图样标注例TheexamplesforpatternannotationF96102h8(-0.054)0f40H7(+0.025)012±0.02143.3+0.20A其余6.3203.21.62.55550.0080.018A0.018A0.0060.0060.02A帛见毛胆吗迈娱秤刮篮爸扯披窑肆送挣撮侍苞鳞尊像缴你睫世刮博酪邯垃7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测四、图样标注例Theexamplesforpat55洱铸示谊盟心遣玲缮狞抓胸受酥蓖肆葛晚永洗阎洞鸟芋舒宇巧氮睹舰冉廷7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测洱铸示谊盟心遣玲缮狞抓胸受酥蓖肆葛晚永洗阎洞鸟芋舒宇巧氮睹舰56瓮舵邻屑示瞪于踌皖越球侮誊恃拌怯询隶睡隶召逗烩拐灰弘可留膛绊只霍7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测瓮舵邻屑示瞪于踌皖越球侮誊恃拌怯询隶睡隶召逗烩拐灰弘可留膛绊57藤蠕钉簇框军诵茫扩肝庙蹬讨浇帝齿蓟柒逞拦泪恳蔡烦札莉搽丽碌柏遂玛7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测藤蠕钉簇框军诵茫扩肝庙蹬讨浇帝齿蓟柒逞拦泪恳蔡烦札莉搽丽碌柏58第7章圆柱齿轮

公差与配合应用

Chapter7Cylindricalgear'stoleranceandfitapplication迭忍诵痔檀镶早楷裙姓窿酋虾愧产吉攫瓜扶滥祁藻毅挚妓缉奴爱裤巳锄篱7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测第7章圆柱齿轮

公差与配合应用

Chapter7C59基本要求Basicrequirements目的：了解圆柱齿轮的公差标准Aim:TounderstandtolerancestandardsofCylindricalgear初步掌握：Grasppreliminarily:1.应用要求、加工误差Applicationrequirementsandmanufacturingerror2.评定指标Evaluationindex3.图样标注Labelsofpattern4.齿轮精度设计Designofgearaccuracy操作技能：评定指标的检验Manipulativeskill:Thetestofevaluationindex.逾涧鹏糟疑摆柴抱绩腾啥枪雪聪羹悔喇询眶先刨躬磁惨售储闺颠揣故仙抿7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测基本要求Basicrequirements目的：了解圆60特点Traits1结构紧凑Compactstructure2恒定的传动比Constanttransmissionratio3传动效率高Hightransmissionefficiency4可实现平行轴、相交轴和交错轴之间的传动Itcouldrealizethetransmissionbetweenparallelaxles,intersectantaxlesandinterlacedaxles5使用寿命长Longworkinglife6维护保养简单Sampletomaintain作用：传递空间任意两轴（平行、相交、交错）的旋转运动，或将转动转换为移动。Founction:Totransmittherevolvingmovementsofanytwoaxles(parallel,intersectantandinterlaced)inspace.Andtoconvertturntoshift.缺点：要求较高的制造和安装精度，加工成本高、不适宜远距离传动。Disadvantages:Itneedshigheraccuraciesofmanufactureandinstallment.Conversioncostishighanditisnotsuitableforlongdistancetransmission.灯辐棒巳换长姿端柏奄雍拒氨本事瑟茨帚腑拈这望泰瘦蚤敛求最痹责涯网7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测特点Traits作用：传递空间任意两轴（平行、相交、交61齿轮传动的类型Typesofgeardrive传动齿轮：转速较高，功率较大（汽车飞机等变速装置）Drivegear:Higherrotationrateandpower(Speedvariatorsinautomobilesandairplanes)动力齿轮：转速不高，传递扭矩（矿山机械起重机械）Powergear:Thespeedofrevolutionisnothighandittransmitstorque(miningmachineandhoistingmachinery)分度齿轮：精确回转（精密机床仪表中的分度装置）Dividinggear:Preciserotation(precisionmachinetoolanddividingdeviceininstrumentation)牲在乃贵厂什徘曾钠吏账姆咯诉皋哉侦兼鼎邓旁匆鸽桔升绞竹氨箩溉巫嗜7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿轮传动的类型Typesofgeardrive传动62

齿轮传动机构组成Theformofgeartransimissionmechanism齿轮副、轴、轴承、箱体…pairofgears,axles,bearingsandboxes…但瑰巢嗡胡九峻辟桅狈纪签挟何雁塌余开刨潘刽盯蜜淹售输迫催寞争院戎7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测齿轮传动机构组成Theformofgear63失效形式failuremode轮齿折断toothbreakage1.由于多次重复的弯曲应力和应力集中造成的疲劳折断；Thefatiguefracturewhichiscausedbyoft-repeatedbendingstressesandstressconcentration.2.由于突然严重过载或冲击载荷作用引起的过载折断。Theoverloadbreakwhichiscausedbysuddensevereoverloadorimpactload.直齿轮：齿宽较小的往往发生全齿折断,齿宽较大的直齿轮或斜齿轮则容易发生局部折断。Straightgear:Thegearswithsmallerbreadthoftoothoftenemergewholetoothfracturewhilethestraightgearsorhelicalgearswithbiggerbreadthoftoothareeasytoemergelocalbreak.呵绵洒帛淖笆贾遣检写丙刻倾桥寿批嘿惟疮益菩伏肋菌歧全氯沤埃初竭螟7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测7-圆柱齿轮公差与检测失效形式failuremode轮齿折断too64一、轮齿的失效形式失效形式齿面点蚀Toothsurfacepitting原因：由于在齿面啮合处脉动循环变接触应力长期作用下，当应力峰值超过材料的接触疲劳极限，经过一定应力循环次数后，先在节线附近的齿廓表面产生细微的疲劳裂纹。随着裂纹的扩展，将导致小块金属剥落，产生齿面点蚀。Reason:Becauseofthelongtermeffectofpulsatingcyclicvariablecontactstressonmeshingpointoftoothsurface.Whenpeakstressexceedsmaterial’scontactfa