2015高考英语(广东)大二轮总复习测试：完形填空专题-专题三-完形填空解题四防范-解密说明文、议论文

专题三完形填空解题四防范——解密说明文、议论文Ⅰ.体验高考(2014·广东卷)Parentsfeelthatitisdifficulttolivewithteenagers.Thenagain，teenagershave__1__feelingsabouttheirparents，sayingthatitisnoteasylivingwiththem.Accordingtoarecentresearch，themostcommon__2__betweenparentsandteenagersisthatregardinguntidinessanddailyroutinetasks.Ontheonehand，parentsgomadover__3__rooms，clothesthrownonthefloorandtheirchildren'srefusaltohelpwiththe__4__.Ontheotherhand，teenagerslosetheirpatiencecontinuallywhenparentsblamethemfor__5__thetowelinthebathroom，notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.Theresearch，conductedbySt.GeorgeUniversity，showsthatdifferentparentshavedifferent__6__totheseproblems.However，someapproachesaremore__7__thanothers.Forexample，thoseparentswhoyellattheirchildrenfortheiruntidiness，but__8__cleantheroomforthem，havefewerchancesofchangingtheirchildren's__9__.Onthecontrary，thosewholetteenagersexperiencethe__10__oftheiractionscandobetter.Forexample，whenteenagerswhodon'thelptheirparentswiththeshoppingdon'tfindtheirfavoritedrinkintherefrigerator，theyareforcedto__11__theiractions.Psychologistssaythat__12__isthemostimportantthinginparent­childrelationships.Parentsshould__13__totheirchildrenbutatthesametimetheyshouldlendaneartowhattheyhavetosay.Parentsmay__14__theirchildrenwhentheyareuntidybuttheyshouldalsounderstandthattheirroomistheirownprivatespace.Communicationisatwo­wayprocess.Itisonlybylisteningtoand__15__eachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，指出父母与十几岁的孩子之间存在矛盾冲突及其原因，不同父母对此采取的不同方法，以及心理学家对解决冲突的建议。1．A.natural B．strongC．guilty D．similar解析由noteasylivingwiththem(theirparents)(孩子觉得与父母生活在一起不易)与difficulttolivewithteenagers(父母觉得与十几岁的孩子生活在一起很难)可知，孩子与父母有“相似的”感受。答案D2．A.interest B．argument C．link D．knowledge解析由前两句，可知父母之间有“矛盾”，再根据regardinguntidinessanddailyroutinetasks(关于不整洁和日常事情)，对照各选项，只有argument(争吵)适合。答案B3．A.noisy B．crowded C．messy D．locked解析由前句的untidiness和后面的clothesthrownonthefloor可知，房间是messy(凌乱不堪的)。答案C4．A.homework B．housework C．problem D．research解析由上文提到的收拾房间之类的事，应是housework(家务活)。答案B5．A.washing B．using C．dropping D．replacing解析由后面的notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshopping可知，这里应是droppingthetowelinthebathroom，一起为blamethem的原因。答案C6．A.approaches B．contributionsC．introductions D．attitudes解析由下句的However，someapproaches提示，可知这里是指“不同的父母对待这些问题有不同的‘方法'”，故选A项。答案A7．A.complex B．popular C．scientific D．successful解析从下面的例子可以看出，有的方法比别的方法更能“达到预期的目的(successful)”。下文中的dobetter也有提示作用。故选D项。答案D8．A.later B．deliberately C．seldom D．thoroughly解析yellattheirchildren(对孩子大声叫喊)之后，意为“但是‘后来’又为他们清扫房间”。答案A9．A.behavior B．taste C．future D．nature解析根据上下文语境，应该是改变孩子不爱整洁的“行为(behavior)”。答案A10．A.failures B．changes C．consequences D．thrills解析据下文所举的例子“不帮父母去买东西”“在冰箱里就找不到自己最喜欢的饮料”可知，这是让孩子“感受到自己的行为产生的‘后果’”。故选C项。答案C11．A.defend B．delayC．repeat D．reconsider解析在有了上述经历之后，他们就会“重新考虑”他们的行动。答案D12．A.communication B．bond C．friendship D．trust解析由下文中的Communicationisatwo­wayprocess可知，此处填communication。答案A13．A.reply B．attend C．attach D．talk解析由but可知，要选与lendanearto(＝listento倾听)相对的talk，是转折关系，故选D项。答案D14．A.hate B．scold C．frighten D．stop解析由but可知，要选与understand(理解)相对的scold(责骂)。答案B15．A.loving B．observing C．understanding D．praising解析此句是强调句型，是对前两句的总结，一句是说要lendanearto(＝listento倾听)，一句是说要understand(理解)，所以总结为“只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母与孩子之间的问题才可得到解决”。故选C项。答案CⅡ.仿真模拟Cloze1WhereHastheSaltComefrom?Everynowandthen，wemeetafactaboutourearththatmakesusfeel__1__andnoanswerforthefacthasyetbeenfound.Sucha__2__istheexistenceofsaltintheoceans.Howdiditgetthere?We__3__donotknowhowthesaltgotintotheocean!Wedoknow，ofcourse，thatsaltiswatersoluble(可溶于水的)，andsopassesintotheoceanswithrainwater.The__4__oftheearth'ssurfaceisconstantlybeingdissolved(溶解)andispassingintotheocean.Butwedonotknowwhetherthiscan__5__thehugequantityofsaltinoceans，ifalltheoceansweredriedup，enoughsaltwouldbelefttobuilda__6__180mileshighandamilethick.SuchawallwouldreachoncearoundtheworldattheEquator!The__7__saltthatwealluseisproducedfromseawaterorthewaterofsaltlakes，fromsaltspringsandfrom__8__ofrocksalt.Theconcentrationofsaltinseawater__9__fromaboutthreepercenttothree­and­one­halfpercent.TheDeadSea，whichcoversanareaofabout340squaremiles，__10__about11,600,000,000tonsofsalt!Ontheaverage，agallonofseawatercontainsaboutaquarterofapoundofsalt.Thebedsofrocksaltthatarefoundinvariouspartsoftheworldwereall__11__formedbytheevaporation(蒸发)ofseawatermillionsofyearsago.Itisbelievedthatthethickrock­saltdepositswere__12__afteraboutnine­tenthofthevolumeofseawaterhadbeenevaporated.MostCommercialsaltisobtainedfromrocksalt.Theusual__13__istodrillwellsdowntothesaltbeds.Purewaterispumpeddownthrougha__14__.Thewaterdissolvesthesaltanditisforcedthroughanotherpipeuptothe__15__.【语篇导读】本文主要是讲盐是从哪里来的。1．A.strange B．specialC．terrible D．awkward解析由noanswer可知，应当是使我们感到“奇怪”。答案A2．A.statement B．sceneC．remark D．fact解析由前文句中的fact可知选fact，才会上下句衔接。句意是“海洋中有盐就是这样一个事实”。原词复现。答案D3．A.truly B．properlyC．simply D．absolutely解析由上文的语气和常识可知，盐到达海洋里应当是有原因的，“只是”我们不知道而已。答案C4．A.salt B．waterC．rock D．soil解析由前句“盐是可溶于水的”可知，这里是指地表的“盐”被不断溶解，流入大海。原词复现。答案A5．A.measure B．explainC．confirm D．convince解析指第二段所述情况能否“解释”第一段最后一句所提出的疑问。答案B6．A.bridge B．wallC．fence D．railway解析由下句的Suchawall可知。原词复现，使上下句衔接紧密。答案B7．A.common B．advancedC．unusual D．accurate解析由thatwealluse可知，是指“普通的，常见的”盐。答案A8．A.mixtures B．outputsC．collections D．deposits解析由下段中的thethickrock­saltdeposits可知，是指岩盐的“沉积物”。原词复现。答案D9．A.trembles B．swingsC．ranges D．transforms解析与from...to...连用，表示变化范围，用range。答案C10．A.includes B．containsC．squeezes D．consumes解析指一种东西中“包含”有另外不同的东西(havesthwithinitself)，要用contain。与下句中的contain是原词复现。答案B11．A.actually B．graduallyC．occasionally D．originally解析由millionsofyearsago可知，岩盐层“最初，原本”就是由几百万年前由海水蒸发而形成的。答案D12．A.increased B．introducedC．formed D．transferred解析前句是讲岩盐层形成的时间，本句是讲“形成”的条件，即在什么情况下形成的。答案C13．A.treatment B．problemC．method D．reaction解析前句讲“大多数商业盐是由岩盐而获得”，再根据本句作表语的不定式“钻井到盐床”应是获得盐的通常的“方法”。答案C14．A.pipe B．crackC．hole D．cable解析由下文的throughanotherpipe可知，此处是指纯净的水通过“管道”输送到下面。答案A15．A.rooftop B．ceilingC．globe D．surface解析句意：水溶解盐，然后又通过另外一条管道将它抽到地表上来。答案DCloze2Britainhasalargecirculation(发行量)ofthenationalnewspapers.TheDailyMirrorandTheDailyExpressboth__1__about4millioncopieseachday.Onaverage，every__2__willbuyonenewspaperinthemorning，andtaketwoorthreeonSundays.Localnewspapersarejustaspopularasthe__3__onesinBritain.Localpapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.Nearlyeverytownandcountryareahasitsownpaper，andalmosteverylocalpaperis__4__holdingitsown.Manylocalnewspapersareearninggoodprofits.Localnewspapershavetheirspecial__5__.Theymainlysatisfyinterestinlocal__6__births，weddings，deaths，councilmeetings，andsports.Editorsoftenrelyonasmallstaffofpeoplewhoknowthe__7__well.Clubsandchurchesintheneighborhoodregularly__8__thesepaperswithmuchlocalnews.Localnewsdoesnotgetoutof__9__asquicklyasnationalnews.Ifthereisno__10__foritinthisweek'sedition，anewsitemcanbeheldoveruntilthefollowingweek.Theeditorofalocalnewspaperneverforgetsthatthesuccessofanynewspaperdependson__11__.Forthisreason，heiskeentokeepthegoodwilloflocalbusinessmen.Ifthenewspapersellswellwithcarefullychosennewsitemstoattractlocalreaders，thebusinessmenwillbegratefultothepaperfortheopportunityofkeepingtheir__12__inthepubliceye.Localnewspapers__13__commentonproblemsofnationalimportance，andeditorsrarelytakesidesonpoliticalquestions.Buttheycanoftenprovideservicetothecommunityin__14__publicfeelingonlocalissues.Anewspapercansometimespersuadethecounciltotakeactiontoimprovetransport，providebettershoppingfacilities，and__15__localmonumentsandplacesofinterest.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了英国地方报纸的特色。1．A.sell B．distributeC．take D．produce解析由前文的circulation和后文的buy可知，这两种报每天都要“卖”四百万份。sell与buy是词语同现。答案A2．A.company B．familyC．person D．school解析根据常识，公司和学校周末是休息，而后面说星期天买两三份，比平时还买得多，与情理不符；若是每个人每天早上买一份报纸就更不合常理了，婴儿不会买吧？故选B更好。答案B3．A.national B．morningC．evening D．weekly解析因前段是谈“国家性报纸”，本段是讲“地方性报纸”，可见，此句的意思是，地方报纸与国家报纸一样受欢迎。national是原词复现。答案A4．A.technically B．personallyC．financially D．eventually解析由后句areearninggoodprofits可知，指“经济上”还保持得住，不衰退。答案C5．A.talents B．functionsC．circumstances D．characteristics解析由下句地方报纸有他们自己的“特色”。答案D6．A.festivals B．eventsC．customs D．celebrations解析破折号后面是具体内容，能包括这些内容的只有events(活动，事件，赛事)。events与births，deaths，sports等是上下义重现。答案B7．A.message B．circulationC．information D．district解析由前句可知，要刊登地方上的活动赛事等，报社工作人员应当对这个“地方，行政区”很熟悉。答案D8．A.supply B．equipC．acquaint D．offer解析指俱乐部和教堂定期给地方报纸“提供”本地新闻。offer虽有“提供”之意，但通常是跟双宾语，不用介词with。答案A9．A.place B．rangeC．date D．question解析由asquicklyas可知，这里是指“过时”，故用date。答案C10．A.doubt B．evidenceC．room D．sense解析由“被延搁到下周(beheldoveruntilthefollowingweek)”可知，这周是没有版面，故选room(＝space余地)。答案C11．A.managing B．advertisingC．editing D．planning解析由常识和下文“博得商人的好感(keepthegoodwilloflocalbusinessmen)”可推知，任何报纸的成功都依赖“广告”。advertising与businessmen是词语同现。答案B12．A.factories B．reputationsC．images D．products解析商人感谢报纸，应当是报纸提供了机会，让公众了解他们的“产品”。products与businessmen，advertising是词语同现。答案D13．A.ever B．neverC．often D．seldom解析由下句开头的but可知，应选与often意义相反意义的词，再由rarely(＝notoften)提醒，故选seldom(＝notoften)。seldom与rarely是同义词复现，与often是反义词同现。答案D14．A.improving B．expressingC．increasing D．observing解析由动宾搭配可知，应是对当地事务“表达”感情或意见。答案B15．A.preserve B．visitC．rebuilt D．guarantee解析由语境和动宾搭配可知，对“当地的文物和名胜古迹(localmonumentsandplacesofinterest)”应当是“保护”。答案ACloze3Somepeopleseemtohavespecialskillsforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary，masterrulesor__1__，andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymore__2__thanothers，sowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Firstofall，successfullanguagelearnersare__3__learners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherto__4__，theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregood__5__wholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong，theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrom__6__.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore，successfullearnersdonotwaitforachanceto__7__thelanguage，theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopleto__8__themwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidto__9__whattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.Finally，successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswitha__10__.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itis__11__forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguage__12__becausetheywanttolearnwithit.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner，youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently，__13__，andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand，ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthan__14__，youmightaswelltrysomeofthe__15__outlinedabove.【语篇导读】本文介绍了优异的语言学习者的三种技巧：独立、积极、有目的。1．A.grammar B．usagesC．patterns D．pronunciation解析由前面的vocabulary(词汇)的提示，又由带有解释性的or可知，答案应与rules意思相近，故选grammar(语法)。因语法就是遣词造句的规则，所以由“规则”可想到“语法”。rules与grammar是近义词复现。答案A2．A.creative B．intelligentC．ambitious D．impatient解析由常识可知，句意应为：他们似乎并不比别人“聪明”，那么到底是什么让他们觉得语言学习这样容易呢？答案B3．A.independent B．humorousC．courageous D．diligent解析由后面一句中的donotdependon可知，这是反义词复现，因为是用反义词表达同样一个意思。最后一段的总结中，independently是最准确的印证，该词与independent是同根词复现。答案A4．A.praise B．instructC．explain D．advise解析由后面“他们试图自己找出句式和规则”可知，他们不会“等老师来解释”。答案C5．A.students B．learnersC．teachers D．guessers解析从其后的定语从句“寻找线索”可知是在“猜测”，结合后面的guesswrong和guessagain可确认，选guessers(猜测者，推测者)。guesser与guess是同根词复现。答案D6．A.clues B．guessesC．books D．mistakes解析从前句Whentheyguesswrong，theyguessagain可知，选D。wrong与mistakes近义词复现。答案D7．A.learn B．masterC．understand D．use解析从后面几句，特别是communicate，repeat，hearortosay，tothinkinthelanguage等字眼可知，此处是指主动找机会“运用”这门语言。use与communicate，hear，say等是上下义复现。答案D8．A.guide B．teachC．help D．correct解析由后面的whentheymakeamistake可知，应选D。因为“犯错(makeamistake)”与“改错(correctmistakes)”是词语同现。答案D9．A.complain B．repeatC．face D．ignore解析由后面的tryagain可知，是“重说(repeat)”一遍。答案B10．A.purpose B．desireC．schedule D．perseverance解析由后面的inorderto，特别是最后一段中的purposefully可知，选A。答案A11．A.difficult B．importantC．necessary D．essential解析从前句“他们想学这门语言，是因为他们对这门语言和说这种语言的人感兴趣”，可见，“他们为了要同这些人交流，就‘必须(necessary)’要学会这门语言”。答案C12．A.partly B．particularlyC．regularly D．effectively解析因为“他们想在伴随着使用这门语言的过程中学会这门语言”，所以“他们会‘经常’练习使用这门语言”。答案C13．A.sincerely B．activelyC．selflessly D．absolutely解析此句是对前面第二、三、四这三段所述方法的总结，此空对应的是第三段Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning的，actively与active是同根词复现。答案B14．A.hopeful B．powerfulC．successful D．tactful解析此句与Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner相对应，可见应选successful。答案C15．A.techniques B．languagesC．conclusions D．occasions解析指上文中的learningindependently，actively，andpurposefully这三种技巧和方法。与第一段第一句中的skills是同义复现。答案ACloze4Theoldeststonebuildingsintheworldarethepyramids.Theyhave__1__fornearly5,000years，anditseemslikelythattheywillcontinuetostandforthousandsofyearsyet.Thereareovereightyofthem__2__alongthebanksoftheNile，someofwhicharedifferentin__3__fromthetruepyramids.Themostfamousofthesearethe“Step”pyramidandthe“Bent”pyramid.Someofthepyramidsstilllookmuchthesameastheymusthavedonewhentheywerebuiltthousandsofyearsago.Mostofthe__4__sufferedbytheothershasbeenatthehandsofmenwhowerelookingfortreasureor，moreoften，forstonetouseinmodernbuildings.ThedryclimateofEgypthashelpedto__5__thepyramids，andtheirveryshapehasmadethemlesslikelytofallintoruin.Thesearegoodreasonswhytheycanstillbeseentoday，butperhapsthemostimportantisthattheywere__6__tolastforever.Itis__7__certainthatplansweremadeforthebuildingofthepyramidsbecausetheplansofotherlargeworkshave__8__beenpreserved.However，thereareno__9__orpicturestoshowushowtheEgyptiansplannedorbuiltthepyramidsthemselves.Consequently，weareonlyableto__10__atthemethodsused.However，byexaminingtheactualpyramidsandvarioustoolswhichhavebeenfound，archaeologistshave__11__afairlyclearpictureofthem.Onethingiscertain:theremusthavebeenmonthsof__12__planningbeforetheycouldbegintobuild.Thefirstthingtheyhadtodowastochoosea__13__place.Youmaythinkthiswouldhavebeen__14__withmilesandmilesofemptydesertaround，butapyramidcouldnotbebuiltjustanywhere.Certainruleshadtobe__15__，andcertainproblemshadtobeovercome.【语篇导读】本文主要讲金字塔的建造。1．A.produced B．appearedC．piled D．stood解析由后面的theywillcontinuetostandforthousandsofyears可知，选stood。答案D2．A.accumulated B．abandonedC．scattered D．accompanied解析金字塔应是“分布，分散”在尼罗河两岸。答案C3．A.height B．shapeC．size D．width解析从下句(the“Bent”pyramid)和下段的描述(特别是lookmuchthesameas)可知，是指在外表“形状”上与几千年前的真实的金字塔不同了。答案B4．A.damage B．painC．failure D．loss解析从空格后面的内容“由人类造成的，这些人寻宝藏或找石头来搞现代建筑”，可知是给金字塔造成“损害(damage)”。答案A5．A.preserve B．ruinC．rescue D．defend解析根据Thesearegoodreasonswhytheycanstillbeseentoday可知，埃及的气候有助于将金字塔“保存”下来。答案A6．A.protected B．foreseenC．constructed D．planned解析由下段开头句可知，选planned。答案D7．A.gradually B．practicallyC．eventually D．finally解析由because引导的原因状语从句来推测，“几乎”可以肯定，金字塔的建筑会有“设计图”。答案B8．A.actually B．fluentlyC．totally D．fortunately解析其他大工程的设计图能够保存下来，当然是“幸运的”。答案D9．A.films B．paintingsC．writings D．newspapers解析由orpictures(图片)可知，选“文字”。句意：并没有文献资料或图片显示埃及人是如何设计和建造金字塔的。答案C10．A.guess B．workC．aim D．explore解析由前句没有文字和图片显示如何设计和建造，其结果，建造时所采用的方法，我们就只能是“猜测”了。答案A11．A.drawn B．foundC．formed D．bought解析虽然没有文字图片，但通过考查现实的金字塔和所发现的工具，考古学家已“形成(formed)”了相当清晰的图片了。答案C12．A.impressive B．carefulC．super D．fundamental解析根据语境可知，在开始建造之前，应做了“精心的”规划。答案B13．A.interesting B．beautifulC．remote D．suitable解析根据常识，应是选择“适当的”地点。答案D14．A.disturbing B．depressingC．easy D．difficult解析由表示转折的后一分句“但是金字塔不能任意修建在别的地方”，可知你也许会认为在广阔的沙漠中选一个地方是一件“容易”的事。答案C15．A.made B．followedC．broken D．established解析表示“遵循规则”是followtherules。答案BCloze5Aresomepeoplebornclever，andothersbornstupid？Orisintelligencedevelopedbyour__1__andourexperience？Strangelyenough，theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth，andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwith__2__intelligence.Ontheotherhand，achildwholivesina__3__environmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvaried__4__.Thusthe__5__ofaperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth，whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview，nowheldbymostexperts，canbe__6__inanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthe__7__relationshipbetweentwopeople，theclosertheyarelikelytobeintelligent.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation，itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletely__8__.If，ontheotherhand，wetaketwoidenticaltwins，theywillverylikelytobeas__9__aseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters，parentsandchildren，usuallyhavesimilarintelligence，andthis__10__suggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone，forexample，toauniversityandtheothertoa__11__wheretheworkisbori