届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解《附详析》 优秀奖 省赛获奖 名师获奖

2022届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解（96-100）《附详析》(第96篇)Whenpeoplehearapresidentspeak,theyseldomthinkaboutothershelpingtoshapethepresentation(报告).Today,however，presidentsdependonwriterssuchasJ.TerryEdmondstohelpthemcommunicate(交流)effectively.EdmondsisthefirstAfricanAmericanevertoworkasafull-timespeechwriterforaU.S.president；heisalsothefirstAfricanAmericantoserveasdirectorofspeechwritingfortheWhiteHouse.Hisisanall-Americanstoryofsuccess.EdmondsgrewupinBaltimore,Maryland;hisfatherdroveatruck，andhismotherworkedasawaitress.Agreatreader,Edmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishighschool，BaltimoreCityCollege.Aftergraduatingin1967,EdmondswentontoMorganEdmondsbeganhiscareerinbusiness,withjobsinpublicrelationsandcommunications.Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman(国会议员)fromBaltimore.DuringBillClinton’spresidency,hewrotespeechesforHealthandHumanServicesSecretaryDonnaShalalaandworkedinanumberofjobsintheWhiteHouseandingovernmentaldepartments.PresidentClintonthenappointed(任命)himtotheofficeofdirectorofspeechwriting.Followingthe2000elections,EdmondsreturnedtoMorganStateUniversityastheschool’sspecialassistanttothepresidentfor2022—2022.[语篇解读]文章主要介绍美国总统演讲稿撰写人Edmonds的成长经历。1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Edmondsprovedhimselftobegoodatwritingathighschool.B.EdmondsgraduatedfromMorganC.Edmondswasthefirstfull-timespeechwriter.D.EdmondsservedtheWhiteHouseafter2000.[解析]事实细节题。根据第二段第二句．..Edmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishighschool，BaltimoreCityCollege.可知Edmonds上中学时就表现出了写作天赋，故选A。[答案]A2.Edmondsenteredtheworldofpoliticsfirstas________.A.newssecretaryforacongressmanB.aspeechwriterforPresidentClintonC.newssecretaryintheWhiteHouseD.aspeechwriterforSecretaryDonnaShalala[解析]事实细节题。根据第三段第二句Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewssecretaryforhiscongressman(国会议员)fromBaltimore.可知答案为A。[答案]A3.Thetextismostlikelytobefoundinabookabout________.A.popularscience B.historicaleventsC.successfulpeople D.politicalsystems[解析]推理判断题。本文主要是介绍Edmonds的成功经历，故本题选C。[答案]C(第97篇)Outsidehershabbycottage,oldMrs.Tailorwashangingoutlaundryonawireline,unawarethatsomechildrenlayhiddenintheleavesofanearbytreewatchinghereverymove.Theyweredeterminedtofindoutifshereallywasawitch.Theywatchedasshetookabroomsticktocleanthedirtfromherstonesteps.But,muchtotheirdisappointment,shedidnotmountthebroomstickandtakeflight.Suddenly，theoldlady’sworkwasinterruptedbythecacklingofherhen—asignalthatanegghadbeenlaidinthewarmnestontopofthehaystack.TheoldbroomstickwasputasideasshehobbledofftowardsthehaystackfollowedbySooty,ablackcatshehadrescuedfromafoxtrapsometimeback.Withonlythreelegs,itwashardforSootytokeepupwiththeoldlady.Thecatprovidedproof—thechildrenweresurethatonlyawitchwouldownablackcatwiththreelegs.There，standingonawoodenbox,wasMrs.Tailor,stretchingouttogatherherpreciousegg.Takingtheegginoneofherhands,shebegantoclimbdownwhen,withoutwarning,theboxbrokeandtheoldladyfell.“Wehavetogoandhelpher,”whisperedAmy.“Whatifitisatrick？”repliedBen.“Don’tbesilly,Ben.Ifshewereawitch,shewouldhaveturnedusintofrogsalready，”reasonedMeg.“ComeonAmy,let’sgo.”Thegirlsclimbeddownthetreeandranallthewaytothehaystack.Approachingcarefully,theycouldseeawoundontheoldlady’sface.Shehadknockedherheadonastoneandheranklewasdefinitelybroken.“GoandgetDad，”Amyyelledtoherbrother.“Tellhimabouttheaccident.”Theboysdidnotneedanotherexcusetoleave.Theyranasfastastheycouldforhelp,hopingthatMrs.Tailorwouldnotwakeandturnthegirlsintofrogs.[语篇解读]孩子们对住在破旧房舍里的、用扫帚柄扫台阶的、后面跟着一只黑色的三条腿的猫的Old是不是巫师很感兴趣，于是躲在附近的树上偷偷观察，结果如何呢？本文的寓意又是什么呢？1.Whywerethechildrenhidinginthetree?A.TheywantedtowatchMrs.Tailordoherhouseworkclosely.B.Theywereplayingahide-and-seekgame.C.TheywantedtofindoutiftherumorsaboutMrs.Tailorweretrue.D.Theywerepretendingtobespies.[解析]事实细节题。由首段尾句Theyweredeterminedtofindoutifshereallywasawitch.可知孩子们想看看人们对老太太是巫师的传言是否是真的。[答案]C2.Mrs.Tailorstoppedsweepingwhen________.A.herfrontstepswerecleanB.shenoticedthechildreninthetreeC.shewasreadytotakeaflightD.sheheardthehencackling[解析]事实细节题。由第二段倒数最后一句可知答案为D。[答案]D3.BendidnotrushtohelpMrs.Tailorbecause________.A.hethoughtthatshecouldbetrickingthemB.heknewthattheyshouldnothavebeeninthetreeC.hedidnotseetheoldladyfalldownD.hewasafraidofthethree-leggedcat[解析]推理判断题。从文中描述的内容可知，Ben认为Mrs.Tailor是一个巫师，他认为可能是Mrs.Tailor在使诡计，所以在两个女孩子前去救助时，他依然没有奔向前去帮助Mrs.Tailor。[答案]A4．Whichoftheseoldsayingsbestsuitsthestory’slessonforus?A.Makehaywhilethesunshines.B.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.C.Peopleinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.D.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.[解析]推理判断题。通读全文可以推知，作者想告诉我们“不要以貌取人或仅从事物的表象来判断事物”。[答案]B(第98篇)AndrewRitchie,inventoroftheBromptonfoldingbicycle,oncesaidthattheperfectportablebikewouldbe“likeamagiccarpet...Youcouldfolditupandputitintoyourpocketorhandbag”.Thenhepaused：“Butyou’llalwaysbelimitedbythesizeofthewheels.Andsofarnoonehasinventedafoldingwheel.”Itwasarare—indeedunique—occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.A19th-centuryinventor，WilliamHenryJamesGrout，didinfactdesignafoldingwheel.Hisbike,predictablynamedtheGroutPortable,hadaframethatsplitintotwoandalargerwheelthatcouldbeseparatedintofourpieces.AllthebitsfittedintoGrout’sWonderfulBag，aleathercase.Grout’saim:tosolvetheproblemsofcarryingabikeonadoesn’tthatsoundfamiliar?Groutintendedtofindawayofmakingabikesmallenoughfortraintravel:hisbikewasahugebeast.Andimportantly,thedesignofearlybicyclesgavehimanadvantage：inGrout’sday，tyresweresolid，whichmadethebusinessofsplittingawheelintofourseparatepartsrelativelysimple.Youcouldn’tdothesamewithawheelfittedwithaone-pieceinflated(充气的)tyre.So，ina21st-centurycontext,istheideaofthefoldingwheeldead?Itisnot.ABritishdesignengineer,DuncanFitzsimons,hasdevelopedawheelthatcanbesquashedintosomethinglikeaslenderellipse(椭圆).Throughout，thetyreremainsinflated.WilltheyoungFitzsimons’sfoldingwheelmakeitintoproduction?Ihaven’tthefoggiestidea.Buthisinventivenessshowstwothings.First,peoplehavebeensayingformorethanacenturythatbikedesignhasreacheditslimit,exceptforgradualadvances.It’sassillyaconceptnowasitwas100-years-ago：there’splentystilltogofor.Second,itisinthefieldoffoldingbikesthatweareseeingthemostinterestinginventions.Youcanbuyafoldingbikeforlessthan￡1,000thatcanbeknockeddownsosmallthatitcanbecarriedonaplane—minuswheels,ofcourse—ashandbaggage.Foldingwheelswouldmakeallmannerofthingspossible.HaveweyetgotthemagiccarpetofAndrewRitchie’simagination?No.Butit’sprogress.[语篇解读]一位发明家想要发明折叠自行车的话，最大的困难是如何折叠轮子。其实19世纪的一位发明家在当年已经做到了，令人欣喜的是现在又有人想出了折叠轮子的办法。我们都在期待着。1.WecaninferfromParagraph1thatthcBromptonfoldingbike________.A.wasportableB.hadafoldingwheelC.couldbeputinapocketD.lookedlikeamagiccarpet[解析]推理判断题。这种自行车的特点是便于携带，而不是呈地毯状或为的是能放进口袋，故不能选C或D。[答案]A2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatthewheelsoftheGroutPortable________.A.weredifficulttoseparateB.couldbesplitinto6piecesC.werefittedwithsolidtyresD.werehardtocarryonatrain[解析]推理判断题。从文章第三段“Andimportantly...inGrout’sday，tyresweresolid...”可得知答案。他的折叠方法只适合当时的固体轮胎。[答案]C3.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFitzsimons’sinvention________.A.keptthetyreasawholepieceB.wasmadeintoproductionsoonC.leftlittleroomforimprovementD.changedourviewsonbagdesign[解析]推理判断题。从文章第四段“squashedinto...likeaslenderellipse”可得知答案。[答案]A4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreefoldingbikeinventorsB.ThemakingofafoldingbikeC.ProgressinfoldingbikedesignD.Waysofseparatingabikewheel[解析]主旨大意题。全文讲述了不同时期的三位发明家对折叠自行车的探索。故选C。[答案]C(第99篇)Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass.“Youcouldwinprizes，”ourteachertoldusasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard.Shepassedoutsheetsofconstructionpaperwhilecontinuing，“Thefirstprizeistendollars.Youjusthavetomakesurethatthewordsontheblackboardappearsomewhereonyourposter.”Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.Wehadplansforthatten-dollargrandprize,eachandeveryoneofus.I’mgoingtospendmineoncandies,onehopefulwouldannounce,whileanotherpracticedlookingserious,wiseandrich.Everyoneintheclassmadeaposter.Someofususedpartsofthosefancypapernapkins,whileothersusednothingbutcoloredconstructionpaper.Someofususedbigdesigns,andsomeofuspreferredtogatherourarttidilydowninonecornerofourposterandletthespacedrawtheviewer’sattentiontoit.Someofuswouldwanderpastthegoodstudents’desksandthenreturntoourownprojectswithagrowingsenseofhopelessness.Itwasyetanothergrown-uptrickofthesorttheyseemedespeciallyfondof,makingallofusbelievewehadafairchance,andthenalways—always—rewardingthesameoldwinners.IbelieveIdrewasailboat,butIcan’tsaythatwithanycertainty.Imadeit.Iadmiredit.IdeterminedittobetheverybestofallofthepostersIhadseen，andthenIturneditin.Minutespassed.Noonecamealongtogivemethegrandprize,andthensomeonedistractedme,andIprobablyneverwouldhavethoughtaboutthatposteragain.Iwasstillsittingatmydesk,thinking,Whatposter?whentheteachergavemeanenvelopewithaten-dollarbillinitandeveryoneintheclassapplaudedforme.[语篇解读]本文描述了在五年级美术课的一次海报设计竞赛中，作者出乎意料地取得了第一名的经历。1.Whatwastheteacher’srequirementfortheposter?A.Itmustappearintime.B.Itmustbedoneinclass.C.Itmustbedoneonaconstructionsheet.D.Itmustincludethewordsontheblackboard.[解析]事实细节题。从第二段“...makesurethatthewordsontheblackboardappearsomewhereonyourposter.”可知，老师的要求是黑板上的内容需在海报中出现。[答案]D2．TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.formedanideaforB.madeanoutlineforC.madesomespaceforD.chosesomecolorsfor[解析]猜测词义题。第三段中conjureup意为“想起；使……呈现于脑际”。从对称的结构“Some...whileweconjuredupourdesigns.”与下文的“Others...whiledeepinthought.”可以猜测出该词词义。[答案]A3.Aftertheteacher’swords,allthestudentsintheclass________.A.lookedveryseriousB.thoughttheywouldberichC.begantothinkabouttheirdesignsD.begantoplaygames[解析]事实细节题。第三段生动、形象地描写了同学们思考时的各种动作。[答案]C4.Afterseeingthegoodstudents’designs,somestudents________.A.lovedtheirowndesignsmoreB.thoughttheyhadafairchanceC.puttheirowndesignsinacornerD.thoughttheywouldnotwintheprize[解析]事实细节题。从第四段“...wanderpastthegoodstudents’desksandthenreturntoourownprojectswithagrowingsenseofhopelessness.”可知：看到优秀学生作品后，另外一些学生对自己这次的参赛作品信心更加不足了。[答案]D5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor________.A.enjoyedgrownuptricksverymuchB.lovedpostercompetitionsverymuchC.feltsurprisedtowinthecompetitionD.becamewiseandrichafterthecompetition[解析]推理判断题。最后三段描写了作者焦急地等待比赛结果的心情，所以对于不自信的作者来说，这次比赛的结果让他很吃惊。[答案]C(第100篇)Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysaftertheytakeeffect.Butintheninedayssincethefederalcigarettetaxmorethandoubled—to$perpack—smokershavejammedtelephone“quitlines”acrossthecountryseekingtokickthehabit.Thisisnotasurprisetopublichealthadvocates.They’vestudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesforyears,findingthatsmokers,especiallyteens,arepricesensitive.Norisitashocktotheindustry,whichfiercelyfightseverytaxincrease.Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage.Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth,theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly,thedeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabitasteens,whichiswhennearlyallsmokersareaddicted.Yettherateoftaxationvarieswidely.InManhattan,forinstance,whichhasthehighesttaxinthenation，apackofMarlboroLightKingscost$atonedrugstoreWednesday.InCharleston,S.C.,wherethe7centapacktaxisthelowestinthenation,thepricewas$.Theinfluenceisobvious.InNewYork,highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys—13.8%,farbelowthenationalaverage.Bycomparison,26%ofhighschoolstudentssmokeinKentucky.Otherlowtaxstateshavesimilarlydepressingteensmokingrecords.HalRogers,RepresentativefromKentucky,likethosewhoareagainsthightobaccotaxes,arguesthattheburdenofthetaxfallsonlow-incomeAmericans“whochoosetosmoke.”That’strue.Butthereismorereasoninkeepingfuturegenerati