考研英语历年真题94-06文章版

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI:StructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],B),[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,weinEuropefortwoweeks.shallstayhavestayedwillhavestayedhavebeenstayingIappreciatedtheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.havingbeengiven|B|havinggiventohavebeengiventohavegivenLivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,obtainingwaterisnottheleast.ofwhichforwhat[C]as[D]whoseTheheartisintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.notso|B|notmuchmuchmorenomorethefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.Whitepersistedinhisresearch.BecauseofAstoInspiteofInviewofJeanWagner'smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitinreligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.istobeanalyzedhasbeenanalyzedbeanalyzedshouldhavebeenanalyzedThemillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,allpracticalvaluebythetimetheyfinished.couldlosewouldhavelostmightloseoughttohavelostNobreadeatenbymanissosweetasearnedbyhisownlabour.onethat[C]such|D]whatItisn'tcoldenoughforthereafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim'scaroutquitesafely.wouldbebeingwas|D]tobeScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth'sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100yearsithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.aslongasasmuchasassoonasaswellasPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)Similarelementsintheprehistoricremains[A]frombothareassuggest|B]thatIndiansandtheirneighbourshadmaintained[C|distantbutrealconnectionsever[D]before1500B.C.Itsoonbecameobviously[A]thatinsteadofbeingtrained[B]tosingshewould[C]betrainedas[D]theastronomer\assistant.Healsoconceived[A]thatthesolarsystemandtheuniversewouldcome[B]intoexistenceby[C]anaturalprocessandwoulddisappear[D]oneday.Themoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimesless[A|thantheearth|B|;inconsequence[C],theforceof[D]gravityatthemoon'ssurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth'ssurface.'TheBunsenburnerisso[A]namedbecauseitisthought[B]tobeinvented[C]byRobertBunsen,whowasGermanby[D]birth.Muchalthough[A]1havetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequal[B]herinthoroughness,whatever[C]thejob[D].Theweeds[A]andtallgrassinthatyardmakes[B]thehouselook[C]asifithadbeenvacant[D]forquitesometime.Ifonly[A]thenatureoftheagingprocessis[B]betterunderstood,thepossibilityofdiscovering[C]amedicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingseems[D]veryremote.WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheis[A]asapainter[B],Icannothelpbutbelieving[C]thatthepublic[D]willappreciatehisgift.Allenhasstated[A]thathehasalwayshad|B|agreatinterest[C|andadmirationfor|D]theworkoftheBritisheconomistKeynes.PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Pleasedonotbebyhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.disregardeddistortedirritatedintervenedCraigassuredhisbossthathewouldallhisenergiesindoingthisnewjob.callforth[B|callatcalloncalloffToomuchtoX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.disclosureexhibitioncontactexposureWhenconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.[A]dim|B|blank[C]faint[D]vainItiswellknownthatknowledgeistheconditionforexpansionofmind.[A]incompatible|B]incredible[C]indefinite[D]indispensableMorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStatesfromtheBritishEmpireandbecomeanindependentcountry.gotoffpulleddownbrokeawayattachedtoCareshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneisloudcontinuousnoise.subjectedtofilledwithassociatedwith|D]droppedoffSomeofthemostimportantconceptsinphysicstheirsuccesstothesemathematicalsystems.obligeowecontribute|D]attributeAsyourinstructoradvised,yououghttospendyourtimeonsomethingresearchinginto.preciousworthworthy|D]valuableAsadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimalsasubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.relievereleasedismiss|D]discardWithoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,peoplewouldbeabletowalk.innotimebyallmeansinnoway|D]onanyaccountWhiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstoppingtogiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.occasionallysimultaneouslyeventually|D]promptlyOnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreattoeducatetheirchildren.effortspainsattemptsendeavoursIfanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshouldhisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.putonputoutputinputforwardIsupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobetoconnectedfastenedboundstuckTheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)ofwordswhicharecomparativeseldomusedinordinaryconversation.altitudelatitudemultitudeattitudeInmyopinion,youcanwidentheoftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.[A]dimension[B|volume[C]magnitude[D]scopeYourimproperwordswillgivetodoubtsconcerningyourtrueintentions.risereasonsuspicionimpulseThenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade.[A]onthespot|B|onthesite[C|onthelocation[D]onthegroundTheremarkableoflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.[A]classification[B|varietydensitydiversionSectionII:ClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinfollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis_41—theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof—42—breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords_43—ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay_44_unfavorablereactionsinthelistener_45_interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown._46_,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake_47_difficultforthelistenertounderstandthe—48—whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe_49_toexplainordescribeina_50_thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.[A]of[B]at[C]for[D]on[A]inaccessibletimelylikelyinvalid[A|encouragespreventsdestroysoffers[A]passouttakeawaybackupstirup[A]who[B]aswhichwhat[A]Moreover|B]HoweverPreliminarilyUnexpectedly[A]that[B]It[CJso[D]this[A]speechsensemessagemeaning[A]obscure[BJdifficult[Climpossible[D]unable[A]casemeansmethodwaySectionHl:ReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[DJ.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Text1TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodetenninethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.InLine11,Paragraph1,"hedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomemeansAmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomesAmericanstendtooverstatetheirincomesAmericanswanttohavetheirincomesincreasedAmericanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomesThefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusducerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproductionconsumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersproducersdecidethepricesofproductssupplyanddemandregulatepricesAccordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby.privatepropertyandrightsconcerned|B|manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrolownershipofproductiveresourcesfreecontractsandpricesThepassageismainlyabout.howAmericangoodsareproducedhowAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoodshowAmericaneconomicsystemworkshowAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsText2OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashlesssociety*,isnotonthehorizon-it'salreadyhere.Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto.withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishesobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledoenjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeepercashmoneywhereverhewishestoFhefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcardscreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestodaynowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash|D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbeforeThephrase“ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeansmakeanorderofgoodsrecordsalesonacashregistercallthesalesmanagerkeeptrackofthegoodsinstockWhatisthispassagemainlyabout?Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.Text3Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding-theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.“AHmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety[B]exceptionalchiIdrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildrenThereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthattheyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesocietytheymightbecomeaburdenofthesocietytheyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentialsdisabledchildrendeservespecialconsiderationThispassagemainlydealswith.thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilitiesthedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsocietythespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren|D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildrenFromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernfbrexceptionalchildren.isnowenjoyinglegalsupportdisagreeswiththetraditionofthecountrywasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounderswillexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisionsText4“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewellknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,MsaysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer.“But,"hecautions,“somepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable.^^Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers."Changesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess/,saysoncologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,“Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.”Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.uFirst,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction.^^TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto.predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade[BJindicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebrightprovethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyearswarnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconqueredTheauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,.therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients90percentoftheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbelivingthesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancerstherewon,tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatientsOncogenesarecancer-causinggenes.thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthypersonwhichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotactivatedthatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells|D]whichnormalcellscan'tturnoffTheword“dormant“inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.deadever-presentinactivepotentialText5Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“uniaughtminds^^tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal-andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.aCreativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,“wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"HowcomenobodythoughtofthatbeforeThecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind^^inthefirstparagraph?Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?Thevarietyofideastheyhave.Theintelligencetheypossess.Thewaytheydealwithproblems.|D]Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because.RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativitythequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofdoingthingsthereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch'spointofview|D]thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresentedThephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer”(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighlycreativeindividualsare.diligentinpursuingtheirgoalsreluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthingsdevotedtotheprogressofscience|D]concernedabouttheadvanceofsocietyEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.(72)“InshortJaleaderofthenewschoolcontends,kkthescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”(73)Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodemschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo'sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.(74)Galileo'sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.WritingDIRECTIONS:Title:ONMAKINGFRIENDSTIMELIMIT:40minutesWordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)|D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:44Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend.”[E]YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)OUTLINE:TheneedforfriendsTruefriendship

Myprincipleinmakingfriends1994年参考答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(20points)PartA(5points)1.[C]2.[A]3,[A]4.[D]5,[C]6.[C]7.[Bl8.|B]9.[D]10.|B]PartB(5points)11.[D]even12.[A]obvious13.[B]hadcome14.[B]thatoftheearth15.[C]tohavebeeninvented16.[A]Muchas或Muchthough17.[B]make18.[A]Unless(=if...not)19.[C]删去but或将believing改为believe20.[C]agreatinterestinPartC(10points)21. [C]21. [C] 22. [A] 23.26. [C] 27. [A] 28.31. [C] 32. [A] 33.36. [C] 37. [D] 38.[D] 24. [B] 25. |D][B] 29. [B] 30. [B][B] 34. [D] 35. [C][A] 39. [A] 40. [B]ClozeTest(10points)[A]42. [C]43. [B]44. [D]45. [C][A]47. [B]48. [C]49. [D]50. [D]ReadingComprehension(40points)51.[D]52.[D]53.[A]54.[C]55.[B]51.[D]52.[D]53.[A]54.[C]55.[B]56.[C]57.[B]58.[B]59.[A]60.[C]56.[C]57.[B]58.[B]59.[A]60.[C]61.|D|62.[A]63.|D]64.[D]65.|B|61.|D|62.[A]63.|D]64.[D]65.|B|66.[C]67.[A]68.[C]69.|B]70.|B|66.[C]67.[A]68.[C]69.|B]70.|B|English-ChineseTranslation(15points).他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。.伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。.政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。Writing(15points)76.参考范文(略)1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI:StructureandVocabularyPartA:Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked|A],|B],[C]and|D|.Choosethe