2020高考英语新课标大二轮辅导专题三 阅读理解3-8第八讲说明文阅读理解

第讲说文读解Step1典感悟高名题这样考(2019·全卷)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmorecommon,marketisgrowingfor生物测量technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsayhaveuplowcostdevice(装置thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecurityanalyzingthingstheofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerconnected—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandtypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.collectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearchersthatkeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plasticlikeTheteamhopestomakeitmarketinnear语篇解读—espace1Whytheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?．reducepressurekeys.．improveaccuracyintyping.．replacethepasswordsystem.．cutcostofespaceprotection.[解Atpresent,thesetechnologiesareexpensive,though.ResearchersGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveupwithlowcostdevice()thataroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.espaceD[答案]D2Whatmakestheinventionofsmartkeyboardpossible?．aremucheasiertooperate.．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersonperson.．securitymeasuresareguaranteed.[解析]Thekeyboardcouldofferstronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofuser'stypingandthekeypresses.patternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sC[答案]3Whatdoresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?．beenvironmentfriendly.．reachconsumerssoon.．bemadeofplastics.．helpspeeduptyping.[解析]Theteamhopestomaketomarketinthenearfuture.B[答案]4WhereisthistextmostlikelyA．diary.C．novel.

B．guidebook.D．magazine.[解析]—espace[答案]DStep2文分析解方略须明了“”一、阅读理解中说明文的文体和结构特点．文体特点：阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。．结构特点：说明文的特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：总分式。事物说明文常用“总—”式、“总—分—”式和“分—总”式结构，完整的“总分总式说明文先总体概括分说最再总结近三年全国卷说明文类的阅读理解采用了“—分”式结构。递进式事理说明文常用这种结形式常由浅入深由表及里由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。并列式。文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。对照式。通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。3．近三年全国卷阅读理解第一中所选用的说明文主要采用递进式和并列式的行文结构不采用何种方式行文说文基本上都会遵循“首段引入所要说明的话题他分采用并列式段落或递进式段落对其进行说明”这一规律。二、阅读理解中说明文的答题误区．阅读方法错误。比如用手指划着读或者边读边译都会减慢应有的阅读速度。此外，遇到新词马上停下去查词典不利于培养独立思考和解决问题的能力不于提高利用构词法知识和根据上下文语境猜测词义的能力。．基础知识不牢固。词汇量不足和缺乏语法、句法知识致使考生理解长句和难句的能力不强，比如对于考纲中生僻词汇词多义、熟词生义以及考纲词汇的派生词成等不了解，导致无法理解文章。针对这个问题平要有目的地积累和总结。答完题后重读文章，找出做题过程中经常影响阅读的单词，如考纲生僻词汇、一词多义、熟词生义、派生词等，将其积累到笔记本中，利用零碎时间加强记忆。三、阅读理解中说明文的阅读策略说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读。一般我们采用的方法有三个：细读、略读和跳读。1．细读重点。重点，就原文而，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。2．有选择地略读或跳读。在快浏览了题干，初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读或跳读这样不但以加快阅读速度更容易总体把握全文在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：繁琐的例证。为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题但读者需要花很多间去阅读果例子所说明的问题不明了通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。并列多项列举。有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读。无关大局的生僻词汇。阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名。有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看费时费力。Step3刷训练练练准练速度宁银川一中期中)Fromselfdrivingcarstocarebotsforelderlypeople,rapiddevelopmentintechnologyhaslongrepresentedpossiblethreattojobsnormallyperformedbypeople.Butexpertsnowbelievethatalmost50percentofoccupationsexistingtodaywillbecompletelyunnecessaryby2025asartificialintelligencecontinuestochangebusinesses.“nextfifteenyearswillseearevolutioninhowwework,andarevolutionwillnecessarilytakeinhowandthinkabout，saidPeterAndrew,DirectorofWorkplaceStrategyforAsiaPacific.Agrowingnumberjobsthewillrequirecreativeintelligence,socialskillstheabilitytoartificialintelligence.Thereportisbasedinterviewswith200experts,businessleadersyoungpeoplefromAsiaPacific,EuropeandNorthAmerica.showsthatinthetechnologyalreadydestroysmorejobsthanitcreates.Butthereportstates:“occupationsdoesnotnecessarilymeanlosingjobs—justchangingwhatpeople”Growthnewcouldoccurasaccordingtheresearch.“20personcompaniesthathavethespeedandtechnologicalknowhowwilldirectlychallengecompanies，”states.A2014reportbyPewResearchfound52percentofexpertsinartificialintelligenceandroboticswereoptimisticaboutthefutureandbelievedtherewouldenoughjobsthefewyears.optimistspictured“futurewhichrobotsdonottakeplaceofmorejobsthantheycreate，”toAaronSmith,thereport'scoauthor.“Technologywillcontinuetoaffectjobs,butmoreseemlikelytocreated.Althoughtherehavealwaysbeenunemployedpeople,whenwereachedafewbillionpeopletherewerebillionsofjobs.Therenoshortageofthingsthatneedtobedoneandthatwillnotchange，Microsoft'sJonathantoldresearchers.语篇解读20251Wecaninferthetextthatinfuture____________.．willmanydifficulties．peoplewillupmorecreativejobs．intelligencewillthreatenpeople's．jobswillbedoneintraditionalworkplaces[解析]Agrowingnumberofjobsinthefuturewillrequirecreativeintelligence,socialskillstheabilitytouseartificialintelligence.B[答案]2Accordingtothereport,____________.．won'tnecessarilylosejobs．willfacefewerchallenges．willwinagainstcompanies．peoplewillbecomeinterestedintechnology[解析]“occupationsnotnecessarilylosingjobsjustchangingwhatpeople”innewjobscouldoccurasmuch,accordingtoresearch.[答案]A3Whatistheattitudeexpertsartificialintelligenceandroboticstofuture?A．C．

B．D．[解析]A2014reportbyPewResearch52percentofexpertsartificialintelligenceandroboticswereoptimisticaboutfuturebelievedtherewouldenoughjobsthePewResearch2014C[答案]4JonathanGrudin'swordsintheparagraphsuggestthat____________.．willenoughjobsforpeople．willchangeainafewyears．peoplewillbecomeunemployed．technologywilltotallychangefuture[解析]Technologywillcontinuetoaffectjobs,butmorejobslikelycreated.Althoughtherealwaysbeenunemployedpeople,whenwereachedabillionpeopletherebillionsofjobs.Therenoshortageofthingsthatneedtobedonethatnotchange”[答案]AB(2019·青西宁第四高级中学期Shynessisthecauseofunhappinessagreatpeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandselfconscious;thatareexcessivelyconcernedwiththeirownappearanceactions.Worrisomethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds:WhatofimpressionImaking?DotheylikeDoIstupid?Iwearingunattractiveclothes?Itobviousthatuncomfortablefeelingsnegativelyaffectpeople.person'sconceptionofhimselforherselfisreflectedinwayheorbehaves,andthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople'sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasprofoundeffectonareasoflives.Shypeople,havinglowselfesteem,arelikelytopassiveandeasilyinfluencedothers.Theyneedreassurancethattheyaredoing“therightthing.”Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism;theyfeelitconfirmstheirfeelingsofinferiority.Theyalsofinddifficulttobepleasedbywithastatementlikeone,“You'rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood.Iknowtrue.isclearthatwhileselfawarenessahealthyquality,overdoingharmful.Canshynessbecompletelyeliminated,oratleastreduced?Fortunately,peopleovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortsinbuildingselfconfidence.Sinceshynessgoeshandinwithlackofselfesteem,itimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessesaswelltheirstrengths.Eachoneofusaunique,worthwhileindividual,interestedinpersonalways.betterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourfullpotential.Let'sallowshynesstoblockourchancesforrichandfulfillinglife.语篇解读5Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout____________.．causeshyness．feelingofshypeople．effectofshynesspeople．questioninofpeople[解析]Shynessisthecauseofunhappinessforagreatpeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandselfconscious;thatareexcessivelyconcernedwiththeirownappearanceactions.()[答案]6Accordingtothewriter,selfawarenessis____________.．harmfulpeople．healthyquality．causeunhappiness．weakpointofpeople[解析]Itisclearthatwhileselfawarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingharmful.([答案]7Whatisthepeople'sreactiontopraise?．arepleasedbyit.．feelareofit.．areverysensitivetoD．feelitisnot[解析]You'rejustsayingthatmakemefeelgood.Itrue.[答案]D8Whatwelearnfromthepassagethatshynesscan____________.．overcomewithdetermination．helpusliveuptoourfulldevelopment．enabletounderstandourselvesbetter．nothingwithlackofselfrespect[解析]Fortunately,peoplecanshynesswithdeterminedandpatientinbuildingselfconfidence.(A[答案]A专强训(二十Ⅰ阅读理解A(2019·山东苑高级中学月考Thenumberbuses,taxisandothervehiclesonKenya'sroadsisgrowingeveryday.Now,thecountry'sfirstelectricpoweredmotorbikesarecomingontothemarket.Thebikedesignedtocutdownpollutionandaimedatlowincomecommunities.Mostmotorbikesuseddependongasoline,notmotorbike.Threeuniversitystudentsdevelopedthenewecotranbike.Itcatchesthesun'senergy,storesitinbatteriesandusestocharge(充)theelectricmotor.RobertAchogeoneofthestudentinventors.“Ouristhatbytheyear,wewillabletocovertheofKenyawiththeelectricmotorcycleastoprotectenvironmentandprovideaffordabletransport.”ThestudentssetupchargingstationforthemotorbikesinNairobi.smallbatterycanrunfor70kilometerswhenfullycharged.Oncetheisusedup,themotorbikehastoreturntothestationwhileanotherchargedbatteryisconnectedtothebike.TheAfricanDevelopmentFoundation(ADF)ishelpingsetuptwosolarpoweredchargingstationsinportofKisumu.Eachecotrancostsabout$700.Onetaxioperatorthenewmotorbikecostslesstooperatethatrunningontraditionalgasoline.“itcomestobuyinggasoline,there'sneed.basicallyforvariousthings.Asaswon'ttakequiteaheavyload(

装载),youcangowithanywhere.Otherwise,itmaybreakdownhalfway.Butnowpeoplehaveapreferencethegaspoweredbikes.”ANairobibusinessmanKennedyKusimbaissellingtheecotranbikes.Hehopestheywillbecomepopular.Wealsotheyreliablecomparedtogaspoweredbikes.Theyareefficient(效高)theywilllast”语篇解读1Whathashappenedtovehiclesin．arenotallowedthe．newofmotorbikeishittingroad.．arefewerbusestaxisinstreet.．motorbikesdon'tneedgasolinemore.[解析]

Now,thecountry'sfirstelectricpoweredmotorbikesarecomingontomarket.B[答案]2Whatdoabouttheecotranbike?．wasdevelopedbytheADF.．chargeitselfwhilerunning.．energyfromthesunlight.．doesmoreharmtheenvironment.[解析]Itcatchesthesun'senergy,storesinbatteriesandusesittocharge)theelectricC[答案]3Whatdopeopleoftheecotranbike?．betternottoittocarrymuch.．agoodchoiceforthelongdistancejourney.．willtaketheplaceofbikessoon.．moreexpensivethanatraditionalmotorbike.[解析]Asaswon'ttakeaload()youcangoitanywhere.A[答案]A4WheretheprobablyA．researchplan.C．businessreport.

B．advertisement.D．sciencemagazine.[解析]D[答案]DB(2019·临中学期末考试It'sOKtosayyou'veneverheardofgrime—unlessyou'retheUK.That'sbecausethismusicwasinventedinUKinearly2000s.someonewho'snotfamiliarwithundergroundmusicculture,easytogetconfusedbetweenhiphopandgrimesincearenoisy.Andmanypeopledidn'tbothertothemapart,untilearlierthismonthgrimestarslikeStormzyandJledyear's“musicofblackorigin”—awardnominations(名)inUK.JustlikeUKelectronicmusicandhiphop,fromwhichgrimedrewinfluence,mostlyreflectsthoughtsyoungpeople.Butdifferentfromhiphop,grimesingersindialectswithstrongaccents,givingaspecialflavortotheirsongs.LadyLeshurr,knowntheGrimeQueensaidthatshetriedtohideaccent,shedidn'tpeoplejudgeher.day,realizedshedidn'tneedtoherselfjustpleaseAndthere'sdoubtthatthisisthemostandimportantqualityofgrimemusic:beyourself.Alsodifferentfromhiphopculture,usuallyfocusesonrich,grimesingerspaymoreattentiontosocialphenomena(现象)liketherefugee(难)problemandgapbetweentherichpoor.Althoughyoung,togettingfavoredbymoreandmorepeople.In2016,theEnglishgrimeSkeptawontheMercuryPrizehisalbumKonnichiwa,beatingbignameslikeDavidBowieandRadiohead.However,nomatterwhethergrimeonedayacceptedbymainstreammusicworldnot,thingisforsure:ingrime,singersalwaysstaytruetothemselves.语篇解读：5Whattheunderlinedword“it”inParagraphreferto?A．Electronicmusic.C．Grimemusic.

B．D．music.[解析]likeUKelectronicmusicandhiphop,fromwhichgrimedrewitmostlyreflectsthethoughtsofyoungpeople.hiphopgrime[答案]6Whatlearnedaboutsingers?．caremuchaboutthemselves.．refusetobejudgedbyothers.．tendtosocialresponsibility.．showstrongindependencequalities.[解析]singersC[答案]7WhatSkepta'ssuccesssuggest?．isgraduallygettingrecognized.．shouldtrythemselves.．becomemainstreammusic.．easytowintheMercuryPrize.[解析]young,grimetobegettingfavoredbymoreandmorepeople.In2016,theEnglishgrimeartistSkeptawontheMercuryPrizewithhisalbumKonnichiwa,beatingbiglikeDavidRadiohead.DavidBowietheMercuryA[答案]AⅡ七选五阅读填空(2019·济市第一中学10月段检测Withtimegoingon,dogshavedevelopedaspecialrelationshipwithpeople.Recently,however,somedogshavetakenadifferentroleinpeople'slives—therapydogs.1____therapydogsvisitpatientsinhospitalsornursinghomes,whileothersvisitchildreninschoolsandlibraries.Theytheretohelpchildrenbetterreaders.Readingprogramsthattherapyhaveinexistenceformorethantenyears.therapydogsofthisprogramareregisteredorganizationthatthetomakesuretheyhavetherightpersonalityforthejob.____2____Boththedogsandthehandlersarevolunteersthereadingprogram.Attheofareadingtherapysession,achildandadogareintroduced.pairisallowedtosettleinaquietcornertogether.____3____Anadulthandlerstaysnearbybutgenerallyletsperformjobwithoutbeinginterrupted.handlermayaskaquestionthatencouragesthechildtoworkwiththetohelpthechildcomfortable.Noteverychildwillbeabletobepartofareadingtherapyprogramthatusesdogs.childrenmightbeallergictodogsorafraidofthem;somechildrenmighthaveculturaltraditionsthatpreventthemfromtouchingdog.____4____Readingtherapyinspirelearningandchangeforhumanbeings.readersbenefitalot,gainingconfidenceandlearningreadingaloudbearelaxingexperience.5____spendfriends.dogsthathumancompanionshipaquietplacetorest,partofareadingtherapyprogramcanbeagreatwaytospendfewhoursbeingwitheach．thechildreads,thedogusuallyliesquietlyandlistens.．dog'shandleralsotakesaclassandmustpassatesttoworkinthetherapyprogram.C．readingananimal,somechildrenmayrelaxed.D．therapydogismoreofacompanionistrainedhelppeopleindifferentways.E．therapyanimalsservemanyother．thesecircumstances,otheranimalsareavailable,suchascatsandparrots.．