考研考博-英语-上饶师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上饶师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

问题1选项

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。本题考查词义和词形相近的单词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”，B选项transition“过渡、转变”；C选项transmission“传递、传播”；D选项transaction“交易、事务”。根据题干that引导的从句的意思“人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。”可知空格部分单词意思为“传播”，句意为：文化传播表明人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。因此正确答案选C。

2.单选题

Menoccasionallystumbleoverthetruth,butmostofthempickthemselvesupandhurryoffasifnothingeverhappened.

问题1选项

A.stopover

B.takeover

C.tripover

D.slideover

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项stopover“中途停留；暂留”；B选项takeover“接管；接收”；C选项tripover“被……绊倒”；D选项slideover“略过；回避”。句意：人们偶尔会在真理面前……，但大多数人会爬起来就匆匆离去，好像什么事也没有发生过。根据后面的关键信息pickthemselvesup“自己爬起来”，一般人们会在摔倒后自己爬起来。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,anoutgoingandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsin（1）solitarydelight.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallingin（2）todiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,I（3）myself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatlieboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkof（4）;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexploredandsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyone（5）canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?The（6）impactgetslost,ordiffused.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,（7）withaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftasteandmood.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweareandtofeelwhatever（8）feelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.When1canwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichto（9）afewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterina（10）position?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

问题1选项

A.very

B.such

C.so

D.much

问题2选项

A.love

B.emotion

C.fancy

D.passion

问题3选项

A.pondered

B.enquired

C.asked

D.thought

问题4选项

A.activity

B.adventure

C.excitement

D.danger

问题5选项

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.they

问题6选项

A.original

B.basic

C.clear

D.lonely

问题7选项

A.although

B.still

C.even

D.but

问题8选项

A.one

B.they

C.us

D.we

问题9选项

A.inscribe

B.compose

C.cut

D.write

问题10选项

A.horizontal

B.vertical

C.painless

D.motionless

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:A

【解析】1.考查逻辑关系。A选项very表示“非常，很；完全”；B选项such表示“这样的，如此的”；C选项so表示“如此，这么；确是如此”；D选项much表示“非常，很”。第一句中出现了unexpectedlyalone，而空格后的solitary（a.孤独的；独居的）再次提及“孤独”，因此空格处应表示“如此的，这样的”。so和such都可表示“如此的，这样的”。so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。二者后面都接单数可数名词，但用法不同。so的用法为：so+adj.+a（an）+n.；such的用法为：such+a（an）+adj.+n.。如果后面接复数名词或不可数名词，则只能用such，故B项符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

2.考查逻辑关系。由第一句中的appointments以及空缺前的great可知这种感觉应宛如“坠入爱河”一般美好，故可构成“fallinlove坠入爱河”的A项正确。B选项emotion表示“情感；情绪”；C选项fancy表示“幻想；想象力；爱好”；D选项passion表示“激情；热情”。

3.考查逻辑关系。根据空缺前“Whathadhebeenafraidof”可知，这是作者反问自己，故C选项ask符合句意。A选项ponder表示“仔细考虑；思考；衡量”；B选项enquire表示“询问；打听；调查”；D选项think表示“想；认为；想起”。

4.考查逻辑关系。A选项activity表示“活动；行动；活跃”；B选项adventure表示“冒险；冒险精祌；投机活动”；C选项excitement表示“兴奋；刺激；令人兴奋的事物”；D选项danger表示“危险；危险物；威胁”。根据空格前havingtakentheplunge（在冒险尝试后）可知，他现在是在冒险，故B选项“冒险”符合句意。

5.考查语法知识。空缺处及之后的canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeye属于空缺前anyone的后置定语从句。因此，空缺处应为可充当定语从句主语的关系代词，故A项who正确。

6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项original表示“最初的；开始的；独创的；新颖的”；B选项basic表示“基本的；基础的”；C选项clear表示“清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；无罪的”；D选项lonely表示“寂寞的；偏僻的”。由上文中的seemstartinglyoriginal以及后文中的Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?可知，如果旁边有别人，我们会急于想知道自己同伴的看法以及自己的观点，因此最初的印象就消失了。故original符合句意，本题正确选项为A项。

7.考查词义辨析。A选项although表示“尽管；虽然；但是；然而”；B选项still表示“仍然；但是；尽管如此”；C选项even表示“甚至；即使”；D选项but表示“但是；然而”。根据句意可知，空缺处后的lover应为空缺前others的进一步说明，故C选项“even”符合语境，因此本题正确答案为C项。

8.考查逻辑关系。And连接两个并列部分，由空缺前“whateverweare”可知，后文应为“whateverwefeel”，故D项we正确。因此，本题正确答案为D项。

9.考查动词词义辨析。A选项inscribe表示“题献；铭记;雕”；B选项compose表示“构成；创作，排版；使平静”；C选项cut表示“切割；剪短；释放”；D选项write表示“书写；写信给；著述”。由空缺后afewpages可知，D选项write符合句意，故本题正确答案为D项。

10.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项horizontal表示“水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的”；B选项vertical表示“垂直的；顶点的；纵向的”；C选项painless表示“无痛的；不痛的”；D选项motionless表示“静止的；不运动的”。由空缺前liedown以及thinkbetter可知，躺着的时候可以更好地思考，故A项horizontal符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

4.单选题

Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureeverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspacesintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironment

2.Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationhasledto（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided

4.Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat

5.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.isstillunknown

B.hasbeenfullyrecognized

C.isbeingcloselystudied

D.isusuallyneglected

问题2选项

A.thedisproportionofrecreationfacilitiesintheneighbourhood

B.theimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhood

C.relativelylittleattentionforrecreativepossibilities

D.thelocationofrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhome

问题3选项

A.intheneighbourhoodofthehouse

B.inthesuburbs

C.inspecialareas

D.ingardensandparks

问题4选项

A.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

D.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

问题5选项

A.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

B.betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife

C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago

D.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted提到关于城市绿地的功能已经被广泛接受，所以选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段提到这种理论区分造成了对远离家庭的休闲形式的失衡的关注，和对于生活区域附近的休闲场所发展的忽略（disproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome），由此得出这种区分导致人们把休闲设施的重点放在离家远的区域，所以选项D符合题意。

3.文章第二段soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse提到休闲设施应该先从离家近的地方开始，所以选项A符合题意。

4.文章第二段提到thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect，选项C符合题意。

5.文章主要讲述了如何更好地利用小区的绿地空间来增加城市居民的生活质量，选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.

问题1选项

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项aid“资助，援助，帮助”；B选项amount“总计，等于”；C选项add“增加，添加，计算……总和”；D选项attribute“把……归因于，被认为是……创作的”。句意：我们很高兴地注意到，早晨送货没有加剧这个繁华城市的交通拥挤。故C选项正确。

6.单选题

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowoftrailingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（

）.

问题1选项

A.negative

B.negligent

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。在斐纳的案件中，一家精神病医院的一名病人在洗澡时被淹死了。现在问题是要查明，该医院的护理是不是存在失职之嫌。

Negative［数］负的；消极的；否定的;阴性的。negligent疏忽的；粗心大意的。neglected被忽视的；未被好好照管的。negligible微不足道的，可以忽略的。

7.翻译题

Modemsciencehasopenedupthepathfortheprogressofproductiontechniquesanddeterminedthedirectionoftheirdevelopment.Manynewinstrumentsofproductionandtechnologicalprocessesfirstseethelightofdayinthescientificlaboratories.Aseriesofnewbornindustrieshavebeenfoundedonthebasisofnewly-emergeddisciplinesofscienceandtechnology.Ofcoursethereareandtherewillbemanytheoreticalresearchtopicswithnopracticalapplicationinplainsightforthetimebeing.Howeverahostofhistoricalfactshaveprovedthatonceamajorbreakthroughisscoredintheoreticalresearch,itmeanstremendousprogressforproductionandtechnologysoonerorlater.

Contemporarynaturalsciencesarebeingappliedtoproductiononanunprecedentedscaleandatahigherspeedthaneverbefore.Thishasgivenallfieldsofmaterialproductionanentirelynewlook.Inparticularthedevelopmentofelectroniccomputersandautomationtechnologyisraisingthedegreeofautomationinproduction.Withthesameamountofmanpowerandinthesamenumberofwork-hours,peoplecanturnoutscoresorhundredsoftimesmoreproductsthanbefore.Howisitthatthesocialproductiveforceshavemadesuchtremendousadvancesandhowisitthatlaborproductivityhasincreasedbysuchabigmargin?Mainlythroughthepowerofscience,thepoweroftechnology.Therefore,wemaintainthatthedevelopmentofmodemscienceandtechnologyhaslinkedscienceandproductionevenclosertogether.Aspartoftheproductiveforces,scienceandtechnologyarecomingtoplayanevengreaterrolethaneverbefore.

【答案】现化科学为生产技术的进步开辟了道路，并且确定了生产技术的发展方向。许多新的生产工具、和新的工艺流程，首先在科学实验室里问世。一系列新兴的产业，都是建立在新兴的各类科学技术学科基础上的。当然，目前和将来也会有许多理论的研究主题很显然暂时没有实际价值。但是，大量的历史事实已经说明：理论研究一旦获得重大突破，迟早会给生产和技术带来极其巨大的进步。

当代自然科学正以空前的规模和速度应用于生产，使社会物质生产的各个领域面貌一新。特别是电子计算机和自动化技术的发展正在迅速提高生产自动化的程度。在相同数量的人力和工作时间的情况下，人们可以生产出比以前多几十倍或几百倍的产品。社会生产力是如何取得这样巨大的进展呢？劳动生产率怎么会提高这么大呢？这主要是科技的力量。因此，我们认为现化科技的发展己经将科学和生产更为紧密的联系在一起了。作为生产力发展的一部分，科技正发挥着比以往任何时候都更大的作用。

8.单选题

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.

1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.

2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.

3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill______.

4.AccordingtotheEU’sETS,bigpolluters______.

问题1选项

A.afiercecompetition

B.anidealgoal

C.agoodopportunity

D.adifficulttask

问题2选项

A.givesanobjectivedescriptionofthetaskassignmentamongEUcountries

B.showsdisapprovalofallowingsomenationstoraisetheirCO2emissions

C.revealshispuzzlementaboutwhysomenationsaretodolessthanothers

D.presentshisadmirationforthosewhotakegreaterpainstosavetheworld

问题3选项

A.stopbeingthebiggestpolluter

B.beshortofskilledworkforce

C.continueoperating

D.reactwithinaction

问题4选项

A.shallbegivennopermitsuntil2011

B.havetopayfortheirexistence

C.willbeallowedafixedamountofemissions

D.canbenefitiftheychoosetobeinsidetheEU

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“对其成员国来说，欧盟的计划意味着……”。根据第一段最后一句Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.（一项庞大的气候变化计划详细说明了如果欧盟想要实现各国领导人在上一场比赛中设定的雄心勃勃的目标，其27个成员国将会承受多大的痛苦）和最后一段第一句ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).（达到这些似乎不可能的任务的窍门是欧盟的排放交易计划）可推知，对欧盟的成员国来说，这一项计划是很艰巨的任务，D项“一项艰巨的任务”符合题意；A项“一个激烈的竞争”、B项“一个理想的目标”和C项“一个很好的机会”都与文章不符，文章主要讲述的是欧盟制定的拯救世界的计划会需要其成员国更多的责任和代价，是一个不可能实现的计划。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“通过使用第三段中的一些数据，作者……”。第三段主要围绕绿色能源比重大的国家比其他国家被要求承担更多的责任而进行分析和具体说明，作者在这里只是一个客观的陈述，并未透露自己的情绪观点，A项“客观描述了欧盟国家之间的任务分配”符合题意；B项“表示不赞成一些国家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C项“揭示了他对为什么有些国家比其他国家做得少的困惑”和D项“对那些为拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示钦佩”概括不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“据巴罗佐先生说，欧盟国家的重工业将会……”。根据第四段巴罗佐先生说的话Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope.（领导世界对抗气候变化不需要以就业为代价，即使是在污染最严重的重工业，我们想留住欧洲的工业产业）可知，欧盟国家的重工业将会继续，C项“继续运营”正确；由此也可知A项“停止做最大的污染者”错误；B项“缺少熟练劳动力”没有提到；由Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.（但与不作为的代价相比，这仍然是一笔便宜的交易，巴罗佐认为不作为的代价是它的十倍）可知，不作为的代价很高，所以欧盟国家的重工业不会不作为，D项“不作为”错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据欧盟排放交易体系，大污染企业……”。根据最后一段对欧盟排放交易体系的描述：ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.（这就迫使电力公司等大型污染者或者制造巨头交易许可证，以允许他们在稳步收紧总体限制范围内排放二氧化碳和其他造成气候变化的排放物。委员会暗示，如果像美国这样的国家到2011年不签署约束性国际协议，那么最大的温室气体排放国在欧盟可能会免费得到准许。或者，委员会威胁到，欧盟以外的公司可能会被迫购买ETS许可。），由此可以推理，大型污染企业如果选择加入欧盟就能够获益，而不至于被迫购买ETS许可，故D项“如果他们选择留在欧盟，他们可以从中受益”正确；A项“在2011年之前都不会得到许可”表述不完全；B项“必须为他们的生存付出代价”概括不准确；C项“将被允许一个固定的排放量”这是在加入欧盟的前提下才能实现。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.TheobserverofWarsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasamemosofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof”dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.

AtColumbiaUniversityDr.LiasyFadsandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluesIothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears"(Line6,Para,1)referto?

3.“Counterproductive”(Lines7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“（

）”.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

问题1选项

A.sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

B.cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

C.cryingusuallywiresympathyfromotherpeople

D.onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

问题2选项

A.Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

B.Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.

C.Thetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.

D.Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.

问题3选项

A.havingnoeffectatall

B.leadingtotension

C.producingdisastrousimpact

D.harmfultohealth

问题4选项

A.Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment

B.itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival

C.Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

D.Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

问题5选项

A.Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

B.Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionalterns.

C.Emotionaltearscangiveriseto"dryeye'syndromeinsomecases

D.Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段主要讲述了哭泣的负面影响。第一段第二句Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed提到眼泪会让美国人感到不舒服以及尴尬，所以选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段提到两种对于哭泣的反应，第一种“哭泣好像在为了某事在道歉”（Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize），第二种反应是“去阻止某人哭泣”（islikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring），选项C符合题意。

3.文章第一段最后一句boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive，从even这个词可知counterproductive比inappropriate要更强烈，选项D符合题意。

4.文章第一段itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival提到眼泪在生存中的作用很大，选项B符合题意。

5.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到眼泪的作用之一：perhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants，选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspaceandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationsliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutfromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentrerofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalfpastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehindtheyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthosehealthymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinionthefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

问题1选项

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

问题2选项

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

问题3选项

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

问题4选项

A.Original.

B.Quiet.

C.Arrogant.

D.Insensitive.

问题5选项

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第一段:Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity(我是众多城市人中的一员，如果要做选择的话，我们宁愿住在远离大城市的尘土和噪音的乡村)。说明作者是在城里工作。

2.细节题。定位至第二段。Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappear,peopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother,由此推测B项(lackofcommunication)是原因之一。Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks，noisy,dirtyandimpersonal,,Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats,由此推测C项(housingconditions)也是原因之一。Children,，coopedupathomeallday，，theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld，由此推测D项(asenseofisolation)也是原因之一。故选A。

3.推断题。第三段指出:Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutofth