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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东华大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Effortstoeducatepeopleabouttherisksofsubstanceabuseseemtodetersomepeoplefromusingdangeroussubstances,ifsucheffortsarerealisticaboutwhatisgenuinelydangerousandwhatisnot.ObserveddeclinesintheuseofsuchdrugsasLSD,PCP,andQuaaludessincetheearly1970sareprobablyrelatedtoincreasedawarenessoftherisksoftheiruse,andsomeofthisawarenesswastheresultofwarningsaboutthesedrugsin“underground”papersreadbydrugusers.Suchsourcesareinfluential,becausetheydonotgiveasimple“alldrugsareterribleforyou”message.Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.ThisisillustratedbythepopularityamongyoungmarijuanausersofReeferMadness,awidelyunrealisticpropagandafilmagainstmarijuanamadeinthe1930s.Thisfilmmadetheroundsofcollegecampusesinthe1970sandjoinedrock-musicvideosoncabletelevision’sMTVinthe1980s.Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.

Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.Millionshavestartedsmokingeventhoughtheconsiderablehealthrisksofsmokinghavebeenwellknownandpublicizedforyears.Moreover,theusefulnessofeducationliesinprimaryprevention:preventionofabuseamongthosewhopresentlyhavenoproblem.Hence,Bomier’s(1978,p.150)contentionthat“ifthePepsigenerationcanbepersuadedtodrinkpopwine,theycanbepersuadednottodrinkitwhiledriving”isprobablynotcorrect,sincemostdrunkendrivingisdonebypeoplewhoalreadyhavesignificantdrinkingproblems,andhenceseemnottobedissuadedevenbymuchstrongermeasuressuchaslossofadriver'slicense.

1.Accordingtothepassage,uptonow,anti-drugeducation()

2.Thefilm‘ReeferMadness’mentionedinthepassage()

3.Themessage‘alldrugsareterribleforyou’isnotinfluentialbecause()

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe()

问题1选项

A.hasmadeallpeopleseethedangerofdrugs

B.hassucceededindissuadingpeoplefromusingdrugs

C.hasbeeneffectiveonlytoacertaindegree

D.hasprovedtobeatotalfailure

问题2选项

A.effectivelydeterredmarijuanause

B.wasrejectedbyyoungmarijuanausers

C.didnotpicturethedangerofmarijuanarealistically

D.waswelcomedbymarijuanausersbecauseittoldthemhowtogethigh

问题3选项

A.itignoresthefactthatdrugsvarygreatlyindanger

B.itgivesafalseaccountoftherisksofdruguse

C.somedrugsaregoodforhealth

D.itdoesnotappearinundergroundpapers

问题4选项

A.Sometimesbalancedandreasonableanti-drugpersuasionisinfluentialtosomepeople.

B.Mostdrugusersareignorantofthedangerofdrugs.

C.Punishmentssuchaslossofadriver’slicensedonotseemtobeaneffectivewaytostopdrunkendriving.

D.Primarypreventionisausefulprincipletobefollowedinanti-drugeducation.

问题5选项

A.AreAllDrugsTerribleforYou?

B.DoPeopleBelieveWhatUndergroundPapersSay?

C.IsThereanIncreasedAwarenessoftheRisksofDrugs?

D.CanPersuasionReduceDrugAbuse?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.”虽然平衡和合理的说服对一些人来说是有效的,但另一些人似乎不受这些最合乎逻辑的教育工作的影响。也就是说反毒品教育只起到了一部分的作用,选项C符合原文。

2.语义题。根据第一段的最后一句“Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.”这部电影非但没有阻止人们吸食大麻,反而成为了用户中的一部邪典电影,很多人为了看这部电影而兴奋不已。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险,忽视或否认这一点的禁毒教育是很可笑的。选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险。所以选项B错误。

5.主旨大意题。第一段讲了禁毒教育并没有起到很好的效果,第二段讲了劝说只是对部分人起到作用。所以本文主要是讲劝说能减少毒品滥用吗?选项D正确。

2.单选题

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.

TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.

TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.

RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheAleutsweresecretlyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadwrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantreasonfortheAleuts’devotiontotheirlanguage?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthe“threelanguages”mentionedattheendofParagraphTwo?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereligiousbeliefsoftheAleutscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.WhichlanguagewasneededwiththeRussianOrthodoxChurch?

6.Thepassageshowsthatitissometimesdifficulttoidentifythedifferencesbetween

(

).

7.Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyby(

).

问题1选项

A.Americangovernment’sattemptstopersuadetheAleutstouseEnglishasasecondlanguage.

B.theAleut’sloyaltytotheirlanguageandtheAmericans’failuretounderstandit.

C.howtheRussianoccupationofAlaskacreatedawrittenlanguagefortheAleuts.

D.thetreatmentofAlaskaninhabitantsbyRussianandtheU.S.beforeandafter1867.

问题2选项

A.Theinventionofawrittenversionoftheirlanguage.

B.Thedestructionoftheiroraltransmissionoftribalknowledge.

C.TheintroductionofOldSlavonicorworship.

D.TheirdevotiontotheRussianOrthodoxChurch.

问题3选项

A.Russian

B.OldSlavonic

C.TheAleuttongue

D.Thelanguagetaughtatschoolsince1867.

问题4选项

A.PriortotheRussianoccupationtheyhadnoreligiousbeliefs.

B.Americantradersandadventuresforcedthemtoabandonallreligiousbeliefs.

C.AtnotimeintheirhistoryhavetheAleutshadanorganizedreligion.

D.TheRussiansforcedAleutstobecomemembersoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch

问题5选项

A.English

B.Cyrillic

C.Aleut

D.Slavonic

问题6选项

A.RussianandAleut.

B.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

C.RussiancolonialrulesandtheAmericanregulations.

D.theAmericansandAleutsintermsofreligiousbeliefs.

问题7选项

A.testingtheevidencesupportingatheory

B.weighingtheprosandconsofaplan

C.debatingaboutamoralissue

D.describingcausesandeffectsofevents

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要描述的是俄国统治时期和1867年美国管理阿拉斯加后,阿留申人的遭遇,其内容是从语言方面展开的。A选项“美国政府试图说服阿留申人把英语作为第二语言”只表达了美国管理阿拉斯加的一个方面;B选项“阿留申人忠于自己的语言,而美国人却不懂”前半句符合文意,但后半句在本文中并未提及;C选项“俄罗斯占领阿拉斯加为阿留申人创造了一种书面语言”也只表述了俄罗斯统治阿拉斯加的这一部分内容;D选项“美国和俄国在1867年前后对待阿拉斯加居民的方式”概括了本文内容,因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。本题需要找出阿留申人热爱自己语言的原因。本文第一段最后两句提到“Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.(俄国)对大部分成年阿留申人的屠杀导致依靠口口相传的部落只是的消失。因此,阿留申人把他们的语言视作唯一的文化遗产,且十分热爱自己的语言。”因此B选项“他们口头传播的部落知识被破坏”符合文意。

3.事实细节题。由排除法可知,第二句中提到了Russian俄语和OldSlavonic古斯拉夫语,第三句提到了1867年后学校里教授的English,因此唯一没有提到的是C选项“阿留申语”。

4.判断推理题。题干关键词thereligiousbelief“宗教信仰”并未直接出现在本文中,但仔细浏览可发现与宗教相关词汇。第二段中提到“theyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue他们必须学习古斯拉夫语,积极参加教会活动,并掌握读写他们自己的语言的技能”,这里说的教会必然与俄罗斯相关。且第三段第一句就说到“TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy对俄国东正教会的信徒来说,斯拉夫语的知识仍然是至关重要的,同样重要的还有与神职人员交谈时使用的俄语”,由此可推知当时阿留申人在被俄国统治时,是被俄罗斯人强制要求成为俄国东正教教徒的。D选项“俄国人强迫阿留申成为俄国东正教的成员”正确。A选项“在俄国占领之前,他们没有宗教信仰”在本文未提及之前是否有宗教信仰;B选项“美国商人和冒险家迫使他们放弃所有的宗教信仰”同样也没有在文章中直接提及;C选项“阿留申人在历史上从未有过一个有组织的宗教”与上述文意相悖,明显曾在一段时间内,阿留申人是俄国东正教教徒的。

5.事实细节题。接上题分析,第二段与第三段中均提到,在俄国东正教中,需要使用斯拉夫语。因此D选项正确。

6.判断推理题。本体需要找的是两个同类相似事物间的比较。文章最后一段第二句说到“ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.俄语和阿留申语表面上按字母顺序相似,却把这两种语言联系得如此紧密,以至于任何对俄语教学的限制都被理解为试图根除阿留申语。”因此相似的是俄罗斯语和阿留申语。A选项正确。

7.主旨大意题。本题偏向文章结构,需要找出作者的写作思路或文章线索。在第一题的分析中就提到,本文主要讲述俄国和美国统治时期,阿拉斯加的阿留申人的遭遇,其中主要讲述了语言方面的发展历程,在这个过程中阿留申人变得热爱自己的语言。因此也就是描述不同统治时期的政策及其结果,D选项“描述事件的原因和结果”符合题意。

3.单选题

Leavesthatfallfromtreeseventually(

)andturnintosoil.

问题1选项

A.contract

B.decay

C.fade

D.wither

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contract“合同,婚约”;decay“腐烂,腐朽”;fade“淡出”;wither“凋谢,衰弱”。句意:树叶终将从树上飘落,腐烂后化作泥土。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon’satmosphereto()plantlife.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.personalize

C.sustain

D.describe

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析sustain。意为“维持,保持”,符合句意。

5.单选题

Hegaveusagood______ofhisexperience.

问题1选项

A.demonstration

B.frequency

C.description

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项demonstration“表现,显露;游行示威”;B选项frequency“重复率”;C选项description“描述;类型”;D选项instruction“命令”。句意:他向我们很好地______了他的经历。根据语境,这里指的是分享他的经历,C选项description“描述”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Dr.Goebbelswrotethat“wedonotbelongtothosedreamersandillusionistswhoprophesythecollapseoftheBritishEmpiretomorrow”.

问题1选项

A.swear

B.condemn

C.predict

D.crave

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.swear咒骂,诅咒B.condemn谴责,指责

C.predict预言D.crave渴望,热望

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】prophesy的意思为“预告,预言”,指的是我们不是空想家和魔术师,对大英帝国的未来进行预言,predict与之词义相近,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】戈培尔博士写道,我们不是那种预言大英帝国明天就要瓦解的空想家和魔术师。

7.单选题

SpywriterJohnLeCarrehitthe______withhiscausticportrayalofthecity’smixofdrearinessandinternationalintrigueinhis1968novel,ASmallTowninGermany.

问题1选项

A.house

B.home

C.place

D.headline

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项house“房屋”;B选项home“家”;C选项place“地方”;D选项headline“(报纸的)大字标题”,hittheheadlines“成为头条新闻”。句意:间谍作家约翰•勒卡雷在1968年出版的小说《德国小镇》中,以犀利的笔法描写了这个城市的沉闷和国际阴谋。根据语境和词组hittheheadlines“成为头条新闻”,D选项headline“(报纸的)大字标题”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

8.不定项选择题

AdvancesincampaignagainsttheIslamicStateinSyriaandIraqareforcingtheextremiststoabandonterritorythere,generatingconcernsthattheyarecarvingoutanewstrongholdinoil-richLibya,SecretaryofStateJohnF.KerrysaidTuesday.

“Aseverybodyhereknows,thatcountryhasresources,”Kerrysaidataconferenceof23foreignministersfromnationsthatformthecoreofacoalitionfightingtheIslamicState.“Thelastthingintheworldyou'dwantisafalsecaliphatewithaccesstobillionsofdollarsinoilrevenue.”

Inajointstatement,bothKerryandItalianforeignministerPaoloGentiloniexpressedconcernoverthe“growinginfluence”ofIslamicStateinLibya.Theyvowedto“continuetoNationalAccordinitseffortstoestablishpeaceandsecurityfortheLibyanpeople.”

KerryruledoutmilitaryinterventioninLibyabytheUnitedStatesinnearfuture.Buthesaidthatcouldchangeiftherewere“someturnofevents,likeweaponsofmassdestructionendingupinthehandsofthewrongpeople”.

Libyahasbeeninastateofchaossince2011whenMoammarGaddafiwasousted.Tworivalgovernmentssubsequentlyemerged,andcontinuingconflicthasfoiledeffortstoestablishaunitedLibyangovernment.

ThoughtheemergingthreatinLibyacommandedmuchofthediplomats'attention,thesituationinSyriaremainstroublesome.SuccessinpushingIslamicStatefightersoutofanestimated40percentofterritorytheycontrolledinIraqand20percentto30percentofthelandtheyheldinSyriahascreateditsownsetofurgentproblems.

Fleeingfightersoftenbooby-traphomesanddemolishbuildings,whichthenneedtobeclearedandrebuiltbeforeresidentscanreturn.Kerryurgedhisfellowforeignministerstodonatemoremoneytoastabilizationfundforrebuildingandrestoringservicesinthoseareas.

NowthatU.N.-backedSyriapeacetalksaimedatendingthewarhavestartedinGeneva,KerrycalledonRussiatostopbombingoppositionfightersandtheSyriangovernmenttogranthumanitarianaccesstobesiegedtowns.

Withtheonsetofpeacetalks,acease-fireshouldfollowshortly,hesaid.

“Weareatthetable,andweexpectacease-fire,”hesaid.“Andweexpectadherencetothecease-fire,andweexpectfullhumanitarianaccess.”

InGeneva,whereU.N.envoyStaffandeMisturaonMondaydeclaredtheofficialopeningoftalksbetweentheSyriangovernmentandopposition,bothsidessaidthatasfarastheywereconcerned,negotiationshadnotyetbegun.

Inastatement,theoppositiondelegationsaidSyrianrebelsarefacing“amassiveaccelerationofRussianandregimemilitaryaggression...includingattacksonhospitalsandcriticalinfrastructurev"nearthecitiesofAleppoandHomsoverthepasttwodays.

TheSyriangovernmentdelegationaccusedtheoppositionofactinglike“amateursandnotprofessionalpoliticians”.Syria'sUnitedNationsambassador,BasharJaafari,representingSyrianPresidentBasheral-Assad,saidhissidechallengedtheparticipationoftwo“terrorist”groupsintheoppositiondelegation,accordingtothestate-runSyrianArabNewsAgency.

TheObamaadministrationiseagerforthepeacetalkstobeginandhaspressuredtheoppositiontoparticipate.Oppositionrepresentativeshavesaidtheagreed-uponrulesforthenegotiations,inaU.N.resolution,callforanendtobombardmentsandgovernmentsiegesofcivilianareas,aswellasthereleaseofprisoners.

RussianForeignMinisterSergeiLavrovtoldreporterstherethathisgovernmentconsideredmembersofJaishal-IslamandAhraral-Shamtobeparticipatingintheoppositiondelegationintheir“personalcapacity”ratherthanasofficialrepresentatives.LavrovalsosaidthatheconsidersittheresponsibilityoftheUnitedStates,asleaderofthecoalitionagainsttheIslamicStateinSyriaandIraq,topreventconflictamongthevariousparticipantsoperatingstrikeaircraftoverthosecountries.

1.BothKerryandPaoloGentiloniagreeduponthefollowingEXCEPT().

2.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?

3.WhatdidKerryurgehisfellowforeignministerstodo?

4.WhatdidtheSyriangovernmentdelegationaccusetheoppositionof?

问题1选项

A.ContinuingtomonitorcloselythedevelopmentsinLibya.

B.BeingreadytosupporttheGovernmentofNationalAccordinestablishingpeaceandsecurityfortheLibyanpeople.

C.ImmediatemilitaryinterventioninLibya.

D.ConcernoverthegrowinginfluenceofIslamicStateinLibya.

问题2选项

A.TheextremistsinLibyaareforcedtoabandontheirterritoryinSyriaandIraq.

B.AccordingtoKerry,thelastthingAmericawantsisafalsecaliphatewithaccesstobillionsofdollarsinoilrevenueinLibya.

C.AunitedLibyangovernmenthasbeensuccessfullyestablished.

D.LongtimedictatorMoammarGaddafiwasoustedin2011.

问题3选项

A.TopushIslamicStatefightersoutofapproximate40percentofterritorytheycontrolledinIraq.

B.Todonatemoremoneytoastabilizationfundforrebuildingandrestoringservicesdestroyedbyfleeingfighters.

C.TodriveIslamicStatefightersoutofthelandtheyheldinSyriaandadheretotheceasefire.

D.Tostopbombingoppositionfightersandgranthumanitarianaccesstobesiegedtowns.

问题4选项

A.Performinglikeamateursandnotprofessionalpoliticians.

B.AcceleratingattacksonhospitalsandcriticalinfrastructurenearthecitiesofAleppoandHoms.

C.Participatinginbombardmentsandsiegesofcivilianareas.

D.PreventingconflictsamongvariousparticipantsoperatingstrikeaircraftoverSyria,IraqandLibya.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.BothKerryandPaoloGentiloniagreeduponthefollowingEXCEPT______.1.除了______,克里和保罗•真蒂洛尼都同意以下内容。

A.ContinuingtomonitorcloselythedevelopmentsinLibya.A.继续密切关注利比亚局势的发展。

B.BeingreadytosupporttheGovernmentofNationalAccordinestablishingpeaceandsecurityfortheLibyanpeople.B.随时准备支持为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的国家团结政府。

C.ImmediatemilitaryinterventioninLibya.C.立即对利比亚进行军事干预。

D.ConcernoverthegrowinginfluenceofIslamicStateinLibya.D.对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力的担忧。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第四段“克里排除了美国在不久的将来对利比亚进行军事干预的可能性。但他表示,如果事态出现某些转折,比如大规模杀伤性武器最终落入错误的人手中,会改变这一立场。”,从中可知,C选项“立即对利比亚进行军事干预”中的Immediate不符合原文。因此,该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“继续密切关注利比亚局势的发展”根据解题思路可知,克里和保罗•真蒂洛尼排除了美国在不久的将来对利比亚进行军事干预的可能性,但是如果事态变化会改变立场,这说明他们将继续关注利比亚的局势发展,该项符合原文,属于反向干扰;

B选项“随时准备支持为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的国家团结政府”定位至第三段第二句“他们誓言要继续全国团结,为利比亚人民建立和平与安全的努力”,从中可知,B项符合原文,属于反向干扰;

D选项“对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力的担忧”定位至第三段第一句“在一份联合声明中,克里和意大利外长真蒂洛尼都对伊斯兰国在利比亚日益增长的影响力表示担忧”,从中可知,D项符合原文,属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?2.根据文章,下列哪个选项是错误的?

A.TheextremistsinLibyaareforcedtoabandontheirterritoryinSyriaandIraq.A.利比亚的极端分子被迫放弃了他们在叙利亚和伊拉克的领土。

B.AccordingtoKerry,thelastthingAmericawantsisafalsecaliphatewithaccesstobillionsofdollarsinoilrevenueinLibya.B.根据克里的说法,美国最不希望看到的就是一个虚假的哈里发国,可以从利比亚获得数十亿美元的石油收入。

C.AunitedLibyangovernmenthasbeensuccessfullyestablished.C.一个统一的利比亚政府已经成功建立。

D.LongtimedictatorMoammarGaddafiwasoustedin2011.D.长期独裁者卡扎菲于2011年被推翻。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第五段的内容“自2011年卡扎菲被推翻以来,利比亚一直处于混乱状态。随后出现了两个对立的政府,持续的冲突阻碍了建立一个统一的利比亚政府的努力。”,从中可知,C项“一个统一的利比亚政府已经成功建立”与原文不符,所以本题选C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“利比亚的极端分子被迫放弃了他们在叙利亚和伊拉克的领土”根据第一段“……打击叙利亚和伊拉克伊斯兰国的行动取得进展,正迫使极端分子放弃那里的领土……”可知,A项符合原文,属于反向干扰;

B选项“根据克里的说法,美国最不希望看到的就是一个虚假的哈里发国,可以从利比亚获得数十亿美元的石油收入”根据第二段第二句“在这个世界上,你最不希望看到的就是一个虚假的哈里发国,却能获得数十亿美元的石油收入”可知,B项符合原文,属于反向干扰;

D选项“长期独裁者卡扎菲于2011年被推翻”根据解题思路可知,该项符合原文,也属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhatdidKerryurgehisfellowforeignministerstodo?3.克里敦促其他外交部长做什么?

A.TopushIslamicStatefightersoutofapproximate40percentofterritorytheycontrolledinIraq.A.将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在伊拉克控制的大约40%的领土。

B.Todonatemoremoneytoastabilizationfundforrebuildingandrestoringservicesdestroyedbyfleeingfighters.B.向一个稳定基金捐赠更多的钱,用于重建和恢复被逃跑的战士摧毁的服务。

C.TodriveIslamicStatefightersoutofthelandtheyheldinSyriaandadheretotheceasefire.C.将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在叙利亚控制的土地,并遵守停火协议。

D.Tostopbombingoppositionfightersandgranthumanitarianaccesstobesiegedtowns.D.停止轰炸反对派战士,并允许人道主义援助进入被围困的城镇。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第七段最后一句“克里敦促各国外长向一个稳定基金捐赠更多资金,用于重建和恢复这些地区的服务”,可知,B选项“向一个稳定基金捐赠更多的钱,用于重建和恢复被逃跑的战士摧毁的服务”与原文相符。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在伊拉克控制的大约40%的领土”定位至第六段第二句“成功(successin…)将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在伊拉克控制的约40%的领土,以及在叙利亚控制的20%至30%的领土……”,可知,A项是已经完成了,该项不符合题干,属于曲解原文;

C选项“将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在叙利亚控制的土地,并遵守停火协议”中的“将伊斯兰国武装分子赶出他们在叙利亚控制的土地”同样不符合题干,属于曲解原文;

D选项“停止轰炸反对派战士,并允许人道主义援助进入被围困的城镇”定位至第八段“……克里呼吁俄罗斯(KerrycalledonRussiato…)停止轰炸反对派武装人员,并呼吁叙利亚政府允许人道主义救援进入被围困的城镇”,可知,“停止轰炸反对派战士,并允许人道主义援助进入被围困的城镇”是克里呼吁俄罗斯去干的事情,而不是题干中的“其他外交部长”,所以该项属于张冠李戴。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.WhatdidtheSyriangovernmentdelegationaccusetheoppositionof?4.叙利亚政府代表团对反对派有何指责?

A.Performinglikeamateursandnotprofessionalpoliticians.A.表现得像业余人士,而不是职业政客。

B.AcceleratingattacksonhospitalsandcriticalinfrastructurenearthecitiesofAleppoandHoms.B.阿勒颇和霍姆斯市附近医院和关键基础设施的袭击加速。

C.Participatinginbombardmentsandsiegesofcivilianareas.C.参与轰炸和围攻平民地区。

D.PreventingconflictsamongvariousparticipantsoperatingstrikeaircraftoverSyria,IraqandLibya.D.防止在叙利亚、伊拉克和利比亚使用攻击机的各方之间发生冲突。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至倒数第三段第一句“叙利亚政府代表团指责反对派的行为是‘业余的,不是专业的政治家’”,从中可知,A选项“表现得像业余人士,而不是职业政客”符合原文,故A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“阿勒颇和霍姆斯市附近医院和关键基础设施的袭击加速”是叙利亚反对派的一则声明,并不是叙利亚政府的指责内容,该项属于张冠李戴;

C选项“参与轰炸和围攻平民地区”也是反对派在一项联合国决议中达成的谈判规则的要求,该项属于张冠李戴;

D选项“防止在叙利亚、伊拉克和利比亚使用攻击机的各方之间发生冲突”是俄罗斯外长的发言,该项也属于张冠李戴。

9.单选题

“Hello,Bob,Ididn’tknowyou()jogging.”“Oh,yesGeorge,I’vebeendoingitforoveramonthnow.”

问题1选项

A.wentfor

B.wentout

C.wentonwith

D.wentinfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项wentfor“去找,被认为,主张,拥护,努力获取”;B选项wentout“出去,熄灭,过时”;C选项wentonwith“继续,进行,暂时使用”;D选项wentinfor“爱好,参与,从事,追求,赞成”。句意:“你好,鲍勃,我不知道你()慢跑。”“噢,是的,乔治,我已经跑了一个多月了。”可以看出,提问的人是不知道鲍勃“爱好慢跑运动”,因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”;B选项advisable“可取的”;C选项available“可获得的”;D选项applicable“适用的”。句意:一般来说,学生在住房上的开销应该占总共______开销的五分之一。根据语境,这里指的是在所拥有的开销中,住房占五分之一,available“可获得的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

ThemodernworldonlyrecentlyreachedtheYanomano,anativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin.Shelteredbythickrainforest,theYanomanolivedaself-containedexistenceuntilgoldwasdiscoveredintheirjunglehomeland.Minersflockedintotheforests,cuttingdowntreesandbringingdiseaseandshotthoseYanomanowhowouldnotgetoutoftheway.Injustsevenyearsfromtheearly1980s,thepopulationfell20percent.

HandsAroundtheWorld,anativeAmericanculturalassociation,saystheYanomanoarebelievedtobethemostculturallyintactpeopleintheworld.Theywearloincloths,usefiresticksanddecoratetheirbodieswithdyefromaredberry.Theydon’tusethewheelandtheonlymetaltheyuseiswhathasbeentradedtothembyoutsiders.WhenaYanomanodies,thebodyisburnedandtheremainingbonescrushedintoapowderandturnedintoadrinkthatislaterconsumedbymournersinmemoryofthedead.

AHandsAroundtheWorldreportsaysthatinSouthAmericanotonlyaretheculturesandtraditionsindangerofdisappearing,butsometribesareindangerofextinction.“TheYanomanoisawell-knowntribethatisrapidlylosingitsmembersthroughthedestructionofWesterndisease,”thereportsays.Beforeillegalgoldminersenteredtheirrainforest,theYanomanowereisolatedfrommodernsociety.

TheyoccupydensejunglenorthoftheAmazonRiverbetweenVenezuelaandBrazilandarecataloguedbyanthropologists(人类学家)asneo-Indianswithculturalcharacteristicsthatdatebackmorethan8,000years.Eachcommunitylivesinacircularcommunalhouse,someofwhichsleepupto400,builtaroundacentralsquare.

ThoughmanyYanomanomenaremonogamous,itisnotunusualforthemtohavetwoormorewives.AnthropologistsfromtheUniversityofWisconsinsaypolygamyisawaytoincreaseone’swealthbecausehavingalargefamilyincreaseshelpwithhuntingandcultivatingtheland.Thesemarriagesresultinashortageofwomenforothermentomarry,whichhasledtointer-tribalwars.

EachYanomanomanisresponsibleforclearinghislandforgardening,usingslash-and-humfarmingmethods.Theygrowplantains,atypeofbananaeatencooked,andhuntgameanimals,fishandanaconda(南美热带蟒蛇)usingbowsandarrows.

1.MinersflockedintotheforestandshotthoseYanomanowho().

2.TheorganizationcalledHandsAroundtheWorldbelievesthatculturally,theYanomanoistheworld’s().

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoanAmericanculturalassociationreport?

4.()causedtheYanomanotohaveinter-tribalwars.

5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatitisimperativeforustoprotecttheYanomanobecause().

问题1选项

A.shelteredinthickrainforest

B.wouldnotleavetheirjunglehomeland

C.livedaself-containedexistence

D.wouldstandintheirway

问题2选项

A.mostprimitivepeople

B.mostbackwardpeople

C.mostadvancedpeople

D.oldestpeople

问题3选项

A.InSouthAmerica,theculturesareonthevergeofextinction.

B.InSouthAmerica,thetraditionsareonthevergeofextinction.

C.InSouthAmerica,theYanomanocansurviveextinction.

D.InSouthAmerica,sometribesareonthevergeofextinction.

问题4选项

A.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrompolygamy

B.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrompolygamy

C.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrommonogamy

D.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrommonogamy

问题5选项

A.itisaculturallymostintactpeople

B.itisaprimitivepeopledeepinjungle

C.itisanativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin

D.itisprimitivepeopleindangerofdisappearing

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Miners”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Minersflockedintotheforests,cuttingdowntreesandbringingdiseaseandshotthoseYanomanowhowouldnotgetoutoftheway.(矿工们涌进森林,砍伐树木,带来疾病,射杀那些不愿让路的雅诺玛诺人。),说明矿工射杀的是那些不愿意让出道路的雅诺玛诺人。因此D选项“会挡住他们的路”正确。A选项“躲在茂密的雨林中”,B选项“不会离开自己的丛林家园”,C选项“过着自给自足的生活”均不是矿工射杀他们的理由,所以A,B,C错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“HandsAroundtheWorld”

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