考研考博-英语-中原工学院信息商务学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中原工学院信息商务学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

问题1选项

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，这家旅馆的双人间只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索价,要价。

2.单选题

A____springhasfinallycometoSarajevo—andwithit,theillusionofrenewal.

问题1选项

A.tangible

B.barren

C.transient

D.tardy

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tangible有形的B.barren贫瘠的

C.transient短暂的D.tardy缓慢的

【答案】C

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填形容词修饰的是“春天”，只有C选项transient“短暂的”可以和春天搭配。

【干扰项排除】

A选项tangible“有形的”，与被修饰语“春天”搭配不当；

B选项barren“贫瘠的”，与被修饰语“春天”搭配不当；

D选项tardy“缓慢的”，与被修饰语“春天”搭配不当，可以说春天来得缓慢，不会说缓慢的春天。

【句意】萨拉热窝（Sarajevo）终于迎来了短暂的春天，随之而来的是复兴的幻觉。

3.单选题

Herremarks（）acompletedisregardforhumanrights.

问题1选项

A.magnified

B.maintained

C.manipulated

D.manifested

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项magnified“扩大，放大”；B选项maintained“保持，供养”；C选项manipulated“操纵，控制”；D选项manifested“表明，显示”，句意：她的评论表明了对人权的完全漠视，所以只有D选项符合。

4.单选题

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

问题1选项

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要条件

C.criteria判断标准D.measures措施，方法

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由definingmentalillness（定义精神疾病）和agreement（意见）可知，“判断标准”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的医学中，关于定义精神疾病的标准几乎没有一致的意见。

5.单选题

Whateverthecauses,theEnglishbytheendoftheyear2050willhavebeenmorewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguage______.

问题1选项

A.everwas

B.hadeverbeen

C.wouldeverbe

D.haseverbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。willhavebeen是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项haseverbeen符合题意。A选项everwas是一般过去时，B选项hadeverbeen是过去完成时，C选项wouldeverbe是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

HeimpliedthatthePresidenthadliedand（）obstructedjustice.

问题1选项

A.nonetheless

B.however

C.thereby

D.likewise

【答案】C

【解析】连词辨析，考查语句之间联系的把握。nonetheless“尽管如此”;however“然而”;thereby“因此”;likewise“同样地”。句意：他暗示道：总统说谎了，并且因此使事情变得不公正。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

FromthebeginningoftheRepublic,Americanshaveenjoyedaccusingthefirstmagistrateofkinglyambition.Sometimesseriouslybutmoreoftenderisively,thepresidentisdenouncedasawould-beking,subvertingtheConstitutionforpersonalends.FromGeneralWashingtontothepresentincumbent,thewielderofpowerhasusuallybeenregardedwithsuspicion,adisagreeablebutnotunhealthystateofaffairsforbothgovernorandgoverned.Fewpresidents,however,havebeenaccusedofwantingtoestablishfamilydynasties,ifonlybecausemostpresidentshavefounditimpossibletoselectasuccessorofanysort,muchlesspromotearelative.ButnowsomethingnewishappeningintheRepublic,andastheChinesesay,weareliving“ininterestingtimes”.

In1960,withtheelectionofthethirty-fifthpresident,thefamousambitionofJosephP.Kennedyseemedatlastfulfilled.Hehimselfhadcomealongwayfromobscuritytogreatwealthandprominence;nowhiseldestsurvivingson,accordingtoprimogeniture,hadgonethefulldistanceandbecomepresident.Itwasatriumphforthepatriarch.Itwasalsoasplendidmomentforatleasthalfthenation.WhatdoubtsonemayhavehadabouttheKennedyswereobscuredbythecharmandintelligenceofJohnF.Kennedy.Heappearedtobebeautifullyontohimself;hewasalsoontous;thereisevenevidencethathewasontothefamily,too.Asaresult,therewerefewintellectualsin1960whowerenotbeguiledbythespectacleofapresidentwhoseemedalwaystobestandingatacertainremovefromhimself,watchingwithamusementhisownperformance.Hewasanironistinaprofessionwheretheprizeusuallygoestotheapparentcomball.Withsuchamanaschiefofstate,allthingswerepossible.Hewould“getAmericamovingagain”.

Butthenmysteriouslythethingwentwrong.Despitefinerhetoricandwisecommentary,despitetheglamorofhispresence,wedidnotmove,andifhistoriansarecorrectwhentheytellusthatpresidentsare“made”intheirfirsteighteenmonthsinoffice,thenonecanassumethattheKennedyadministrationwouldneverhavefulfilledourhopes,muchlesshisown.Kennedywasofcourseill-fatedfromthebeginning.TheBayofPigsusedupmuchofhiscreditinthebankofpublicopinion,whilehisattemptsatsociallegislationwereresolutelyblockedbyamorethanusuallyobstructiveCongress.InforeignaffairshewasoverwhelmedbythemasterfulKhrushchevandnotuntiltheCubanmissilecrisisdidheachievetacticalparitywiththatslygambler.Hisadministration’soneachievementwasthetest-bantreaty,anencouragingfootnotetothecoldwar.

YettodayKennedydeadhasinfinitelymoreforcethanKennedyliving.Thoughhisadministrationwasnotasuccess,hehimselfhasbecomeanexemplarofpoliticalexcellence.Partofthisphenomenonisattributabletotherace’sneedforheroes,evenindeflationarytimes.ButmostlythelegendisthedeliberatecreationoftheKennedyfamilyanditsclients.Wantingtoregainpower,itisnownecessarytoshowthatonceuponatimetherewasindeedaCamelotbesidethePotomac,agoldenageforeverlostunlessasecondKennedyshouldbecomethepresident.Andso,toensuretherestorationofthatlovelytime,thepastmustbetransformed,dullfactstranscended,andthedeadheroextolledinfilms,throughmemorials,andinthepagesofbooks.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmanyconsideredKennedyasapresidentialcandidate,（

）.

2.DuringKennedy’spresidency,the“bankofpublicopinion”

（

）.

3.TheauthorbelievesthattheAmericanpublic’swarinessofitsleader’sambitionforpoweris

（

）.

4.TheauthornotesthatAmericahasnotdevelopedlastingpoliticaldynasties

（

）.

5.FromthedescriptionofJohnF.Kennedyinthisessay,wemightseehimasforeshadowingthemodernpopularityof（

）.

问题1选项

A.misgivingswerenullifiedbycharisma

B.hisinexperiencewasnotafactor

C.JosephP.Kennedy’sambitionswerefulfilled

D.theyfounditdifficulttodecidewhetherornottovoteforhim

问题2选项

A.overflowedbecauseoftheBayofPigs

B.constrainedafast-flowingriverofpopularcontentment

C.wasnegativelyaffectedbecauseoftheCongress

D.wasdepletedearly

问题3选项

A.prudent

B.jaundiced

C.indicativeofdisillusionment

D.quixotic

问题4选项

A.becauseofdisenchantmentwiththeKennedypresidency

B.becauseofcongressionaloversight

C.forwantofpresidentialheirs

D.forpragmatic,ratherthanpractical,reasons

问题5选项

A.meta-humorandrecta-analysis

B.populistpoliticalmovements

C.intellectualdisenchantmentwithAmericanpolitics

D.realitytelevisionshows

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:

1.判断推理题。题干中“whenmanyconsideredKennedyasapresidentialcandidate”是指肯尼迪竞选总统一事，因此答案也需要在相关内容处找。第二段中第五句说到“WhatdoubtsonemayhavehadabouttheKennedyswereobscuredbythecharmandintelligenceofJohnF.Kennedy”，约翰•f.肯尼迪的魅力和智慧掩盖了人们对肯尼迪家族的怀疑，也就是A选项“个人魅力抵消了疑虑”表述内容。

第2题:2.事实细节题。题干中关键词“bankofpublicopinion”出现在文章第三段第四句“TheBayofPigsusedupmuchofhiscreditinthebankofpublicopinion”，猪湾事件耗尽了他在公众舆论银行的大部分信用。且前一句最后提到了时间点“fromthebeginning”。由此可知，D选项“提前消耗”正确。

第3题:3.观点态度题。题干中关键在于“美国公众对其领导人的权力野心保持警惕”，这一点在文章第一段第一、二句中做了表述，美国民众对于当权者始终抱有怀疑的态度，或以严肃，或以嘲讽的语气谴责当权者想要颠覆宪法做国王（回到封建时期）。并且作者对此给出了评论“…adisagreeablebutnotunhealthystateofaffairsforbothgovernorandgoverned”，对大家来说，这是一种令人讨厌但并非不健康的状态。对比四个选项，A选项prudent“谨慎的”；B选项jaundiced“有偏见的”；C选项indicativeofdisillusionment“醒悟的象征”；D选项quixotic“空想的”。综合文意及选项可知A选项符合题意。

第4题:4.事实细节题。由选项可知，本题需要找原因。题干中关键信息“Americahasnotdevelopedlastingpoliticaldynasties（美国没有发展出持久的政治王朝）”,出现在文章第一段“Fewpresidents,however,havebeenaccusedofwantingtoestablishfamilydynasties,ifonlybecausemostpresidentshavefounditimpossibletoselectasuccessorofanysort”，可知原因在于大多数总统发现难以选择继任者。因此C选项“因缺少总统继任者”正确。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第二段说到“Asaresult,therewerefewintellectualsin1960whowerenotbeguiledbythespectacleofapresident…”，肯尼迪在任时，大多数知识分子都为他着迷。第三段提到幻想破灭“thenonecanassumethattheKennedyadministrationwouldneverhavefulfilledourhopes,muchlesshisown”，肯尼迪政府永远不会实现我们的愿望，更不用说他自己的了。由此可知，知识分子对美国政治不再抱有幻想，也就是C选项的内容。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

OrdinarilyProfessorLingisaperfectlyreasonableman,soIdon'tunderstandwhyheisbeingsostubborninthiscase.

问题1选项

A.aperfectly

B.Idon'tunderstandwhy

C.isbeing

D.inthiscase

E.没有问题

【答案】E

9.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

通过烟，我们可以看出人与人关系的深浅。客客气气递烟，说明关系尚浅；相互抢着递烟，说明地位相等，或视为相等；随随便便递烟，说明双方关系较深；伸手到对方口袋里掏烟，掏出来还要散给别人，那就简直是亲密无间，不分彼此的“铁哥们”了。

当今，越来越多的人正更换职业或者开始更具吸引力的二次创业，其动机或者原因不尽相同，但很多人更换职业，因为他们感到厌倦。对一些人来说，二次创业源于他们意识到他们不能从正从事的工作中得到他们想要的东西。他们决定去做他们喜欢并认为重要的事情。前一个职业所花的时间可能会缩小后一个职业的选择范围，所以很少人在人生的中期改换去做一项全新的职业，大多数人改换去做相关领域的一项职业。

【答案】Throughsmoking,wecantellthedepthoftheinterpersonalrelationship.Passingcigarettesinapolitemannerindicatesthattherelationshipbetweenthemisshallow;rushingtogivecigaretteseachothercanexplainthatthetwopersonsareinanequalstatusorconsideredequally;sharingcigarettescasuallytoeachothershowstherelationshipbetweenthemisdeeper;stretchingoutone’shandtogetcigarettesandgivingthemawaytoothersmeansthatthetwopersonsareintimatefriends.

Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearechangingtheirprofessionsorstartingthemoreattractivesecondundertaking.Themotivationsorreasonsarevarious,butmostofpeoplearemakingacareerchangebecausethey’vebeenreallyfedupwithit.Forsomepeople,startingasecondbusinesscomesfromtherealizationthattheycannotgetwhattheywantoutofwhatthey’redoing.Theydecidetodothethingswhichtheyloveandconsiderimportant.Thetimespentintheformercareercannarrowtheoptionsforthelatter,sofewpeopleswitchtoanewcareerinthemiddleoftheirlives.Instead,mostpeopleliketodoaprofessionrelatedtothefieldstheygotinvolvedinbefore.

10.单选题

Thestormsweepingoverthisarenowissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

问题1选项

A.scarcity

B.rarity

C.variety

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scarcity“短缺、稀缺”；B选项rarity“罕见、珍品”；C选项variety“多样、种类”；D选项invalidity“无效、无价值”，句意为：在未来几天席卷这里的风暴肯定会造成蔬菜短缺。scarcity“短缺、稀缺”符合题意，因此选项A正确。

11.单选题

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis“noexit”whenitcomestochildren.“Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren’swelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbecometomorrow,sproductivecitizenry.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlston’sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica’slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren’swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

问题1选项

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

问题2选项

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

问题3选项

A.Thecosto£raisingchildrenintheUShasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

问题4选项

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren,shealthygrowth

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents’legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

问题5选项

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，在发达国家中，只有两个国家不提供带薪照顾新生儿的假期保障。去年澳大利亚也建立了带薪探亲假，而在美国却还是没有这项政策。所以根据第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，选项A符合原文。

2.根据关键词“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”选项D正确。

3.根据第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”选项B与原文描述相符。

4.根据第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”作者认为美国庞大的监管儿童福利的家庭法律不能够给父母提供足够的支持。所以选项B正确。

5.根据第四段的内容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”将养育子女归为一种个人选择，没有集体责任，这不仅仅是忽视良好养育的社会效益，实际上是在窃取这些福利。选项D这实际上是一个社会事业符合原文。

12.单选题

Letter-writinggoesbacktothousandsofyearsbutheatedupduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance.Historically(perhapsnow)letterswereindicatorsofstatusandbreeding.Likeconversation,theywereusedtomanipulate,embellish,entertain,threaten,seduceandofcoursedobusiness.OnthewayhomefromdiscoveringAmerica,ChristopherColumbusgotcaughtinastormandhismindturned—asagoodbourgeoisparent—tohistwosons.Whowouldpaytheirschoolfeesifhecametoawateryend?HepickedupaquillanddocumentedhisaccomplishmentsonthevoyageforhisSpanishpatrons,KingFerdinandandQueenIsabella,rolleduptheletterinawoodenMadeiracaskandthrewitintothesea.ThiswasnotsomuchforposteritybutratherwhatUniversityofYorkprofessorWilliamH.Shermanhascalled“afather’sdesperatepetitionforthefuturesupportofhischildren.”

The18thcenturywasstrongontheepistolarybook,whichmadeauthors’quarrelsespeciallyamusing.TobiasSmollettwroteTravelsThroughFrance&Italy(myfavoritelettercontainshisdescriptionofFrenchwomen:“Astheirfacesareconcealedunderafalsecomplexion,sotheirheadsarecoveredwithavastloadoffalsehair,frizzledattheforehead,soasexactlytoresemblethewoollyheadsoftheGuineanegroes”).HisapproachtoanythingforeignwasconsideredsofullofspleenbyauthorLaurenceSternethathewasmovedtowriteASentimentalJourney.ThissatiricalnovelgivesSmollettthenameSmelfungus—acantankerousmanaddictedtoexaggeration,whotalksofbeing“flay’dalive”bycannibals:“I’lltellit,criedSmelfungus,totheworld.Youhadbettertellit,saidI,toyourphysician.”SamuelJohnson,inreferringtohisownletters,claims“...hissoulliesnaked”buthehaddoubtsaboutthetruthfulnessofothers,writingthattherewas“notransactionwhichoffersstrongertemptationstofallacyandsophisticationthanepistolaryintercourse.”

How-tobooksabounded.Letters,apartfrombusinessones,wereseenasafemininetask,andtemplatesaddressedfeminineproblems.TheNewAcademyofComplements,forexample,publishedin1671,titledthelettertobewrittenbyabandonedwomen“ACrack’tVirgintoHerDeceitfulFriend.”Hand-writingisthemotif.“Nowyouappearsofoul,thatnothingcanbemoremonstrous;isthisthefruitofyourPromisesandVows...howcomesitthentopass,thatyouforsakeme,ruinmyReputation,andleavemetobecometheMapofShameandIgnominy…”IlongtousetheMapofShamebitbutIsuspectitwasasunhelpfulthenasboilingbunniesisnow.

AVanderbiltUniversitystudywayschildrentaughtcursivewritinglearnandexpressthemselvesbetter.Ifso,Ihaveafewsuggestionsforoureducators.Howaboutletters“OnReprimandingaPersonofDifferenceWithoutIncurringHateCharges”,or“AnAilingCitizentoHisCallousMinisterofHealth.”Thepossibilitiesare,sadly,limitless.

1.Letter-writing（）.

2.ASentimentalJourneybyLaurenceSterne（）.

3.SamuelJohnson（）.

4.Thethirdparagraphsuggestedthat（）.

5.Attheendofthearticle,theauthorsuggestedthat（）.

问题1选项

A.waswidelyacceptedthousandsofyearsago

B.couldserveawidevarietyofpurposesinthepast

C.servedasadocumentforwardedtotheKingandQueeninColumbus’case

D.helpedColumbusobtainfinancialsupportforhissons

问题2选项

A.isbasedonthestoriestoldinTravelsThroughFrance&Italy

B.isasequelofTravelsThroughFrance&Italy

C.isatravelogue

D.hasacharactermodeledonTobiasSmollett

问题3选项

A.truthfullyrecordedhislifeinhisletters

B.wasexceptionallytruetohimself

C.suggestedthatletter-writingwasmoretemptingthananyotherformsofwriting

D.suggestedthatlettersweremoresusceptibletofallacy

问题4选项

A.womencouldmakebetterletterwriters

B.lettersweremainlyaddressedtoabandonedwomeninhistory

C.thecentralthemeofletterswastheconcernanddespairofwomen

D.theauthorofhisarticlehadthesameexperienceasthewomenquoted

问题5选项

A.childrenshouldbetaughtcursivewritingsinceitmayhelpthembetterexpressthemselves

B.letter-writingcouldachieveasmuchascursivewriting

C.educatorsshouldencourageletter-writinginschools

D.he/shehasidentifiedalotofproblemsofoursociety

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到第一段第一句Letter-writinggoesbacktothousandsofyearsbutheatedupduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance.（书信可以追溯到几千年前，但在中世纪和文艺复兴时期非常盛行。），说明几千年前书信还没有广泛盛行，所以A选项“在几千年前就被广泛接受”错误。由B选项可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Historically(perhapsnow)letterswereindicatorsofstatusandbreeding.Likeconversation,theywereusedtomanipulate,embellish,entertain,threaten,seduceandofcoursedobusiness.（从历史上来看，也许现在也一样，书信是地位和教养的指示器。就像谈话一样，它们被用来操纵、修饰、娱乐、威胁、引诱，当然还有做生意。），说明书信不止在过去起到了多种作用，现在也一样，所以B选项“在过去可以起到多种作用”错误。D选项“帮助哥伦布为他的儿子们争取到了经济支持”，文章只说了哥伦布通过书信为儿子争取帮助，但没有说结果，所以D错误。由C选项可以定位到文章第一段第六句HepickedupaquillanddocumentedhisaccomplishmentsonthevoyageforhisSpanishpatrons,KingFerdinandandQueenIsabella,rolleduptheletterinawoodenMadeiracaskandthrewitintothesea.（他拿起羽毛笔，为他的西班牙赞助人——斐迪南国王和伊莎贝拉王后记录下他在航行中的成就，把信卷在一个木制的马德拉酒桶里，扔进了海里。），可知哥伦布在书信中记录下自己的成就，交给国王和王后。因此C选项“作为哥伦布交给国王和王后的文件”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三、四句HisapproachtoanythingforeignwasconsideredsofullofspleenbyauthorLaurenceSternethathewasmovedtowriteASentimentalJourney.ThissatiricalnovelgivesSmollettthenameSmelfungus—acantankerousmanaddictedtoexaggeration（作家劳伦斯•斯特恩认为他对待任何外国事物的方式都充满了愤怒，于是写下了ASentimentalJourney这本书。这部讽刺小说给斯摩莱特起了个名字“臭真菌”——一个爱夸大其辞、脾气暴躁的人），说明ASentimentalJourney这本书中有托比亚斯•斯摩莱特同样性格的人物。因此D选项“有一个以托比亚斯•斯摩莱特为原型的角色”正确。A选项“是根据TravelsThroughFrance&Italy中讲述的故事改编的”，B选项“是TravelsThroughFrance&Italy的续集”，C选项“是一篇游记”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，C错误。

3.推理判断题。A选项“在书信中如实记录了自己的一生”，根据文章第二段最后一句SamuelJohnson,inreferringtohisownletters,claims“...hissoulliesnaked”（塞缪尔•约翰逊在提到他自己的信件时说：“……他的灵魂是赤裸裸的”），是说他写信时很真实，但没有说他记录了自己的一生，所以A错误。B选项“对自己格外真实”，原文只说了他在写信时很真实，所以B错误。C选项“提出写信比其他任何形式的写作都更有诱惑力”，根据文章第二段最后一句notransactionwhichoffersstrongertemptationstofallacyandsophisticationthanepistolaryintercourse.（没有任何交易比书信交流更容易产生谬误和复杂的诱惑。），没有说到其他形式的写作，所以C错误。D选项“提出书信更容易产生谬误”符合原文内容，正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到第三段，第三段中说到书信的内容是Nowyouappearsofoul,thatnothingcanbemoremonstrous;isthisthefruitofyourPromisesandVows...howcomesitthentopass,thatyouforsakeme,ruinemyReputation,andleavemetobecometheMapofShameandIgnominy…（现在你显得如此肮脏，没有什么比这更可怕的了；这是你承诺和誓言的结果吗……那么，你怎么会抛弃我，毁掉我的名誉，让我成为耻辱和不光彩的地图……），可以看出书信表现出了女性的担忧和绝望。因此C选项“书信的中心主题是女性的担忧和绝望”正确。A选项“女性可以成为更好的写信人”，D选项“文章的作者与被引用的妇女有同样的经历”在文中均没有提及，所以A，D错误。B选项“书信主要是写给历史上被遗弃的妇女的”，由原文可知是这些被抛弃的女性所写的信，所以B错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，最后一段中说到Ifso,Ihaveafewsuggestionsforoureducators.Howaboutletters…（如果是这样，我有一些建议给我们的教育者……的信件怎么样），说明作者认为学校应该培养学生写信的能力。因此C选项“教育工作者应该在学校鼓励书信活动”正确。A选项“应教儿童学习草书，因为草书可以帮助他们更好地表达自己的想法”，文章说到草书让儿童更好地学习和表达自己，但没有说作者支持教儿童学习草书，所以A错误。B选项“书信可以达到和草书一样的效果”，D选项“他/她发现了我们社会的很多问题”在文中均没有提及，所以B，D错误。

13.单选题

Accordingtothelawwhichhelaterproduced,everythingintheuniverseattractseverythingelsetowards（）.

问题1选项

A.it

B.everything

C.itself

D.each

【答案】C

【解析】考查反身代词的用法。反身代词itself与主语everything形成互指关系，表示向它自身的方向吸引另一物体。选项C符合句意。句意：根据他后来提出的定律，宇宙中的一切事物相互间都彼此吸引。

14.单选题

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessivelyrefusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewantandliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursocietyalthoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexampleateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.

Amultitudeoffactorsbothinheritedandenvironmentalinfluencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviorsanditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.Howeverthedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealthrelatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.IndiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoiceFriesandGrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thusforthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity．

1.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause____.

2.To“liveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Para.1)inthepassagemeans____.

3.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause____.

4.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto____．

5.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon____.

问题1选项

A.personalhealthchoicehelpcuremostillness

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge

C.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansociety

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth

问题2选项

A.to“liveaninactivelife”

B.to“liveadecentlife”

C.to“livealifewithcompletefreedom”

D.to“livealifeofvice”

问题3选项

A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficient

B.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisions

C.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflife

D.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends

问题4选项

A.improvingthequalityofone’slife

B.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoice

C.deliberatelyendingone’slife

D.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior

问题5选项

A.personaldecisions

B.society’slaws

C.statisticalevidence

D.friends’opinions

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause____.关于健康的个人选择概念很重要，因为____。

A.personalhealthchoicehelpcuremostillnessA.个人健康选择有助于治愈大多数疾病

B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeB.它有助于提高我们的医学知识水平

C.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyC.它对美国社会的个人自由至关重要

D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealthD.错误的决定会导致健康状况不佳

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“如果每个人都能做出明智的个人健康选择，并且不愿意看到它在社会的法律和道德范围内被限制，那么估计90%的疾病是可以预防的。”由此可知，正确的个人健康选择可以预防疾病，因此可以推断错误的选择会对健康有害。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“个人健康选择有助于治愈大多数疾病”，文中提到“如果每个人都能做出明智的个人健康选择，并且不愿意看到它在社会的法律和道德范围内被限制，那么估计90%的疾病是可以预防的。”可知个人健康选择可以预防疾病，而并不是治愈疾病，该选项属于偷换概念；

B选项“它有助于提高我们的医学知识水平”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“它对美国社会的个人自由至关重要”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

To“liveacompletelysedentarylife-style”(Para.1)inthepassagemeans____.“过一种完全久坐的生活方式”(第1段)在文中的意思是____。

A.to“liveaninactivelife”A.“过一种不活跃的生活”

B.to“liveadecentlife”B.“过体面的生活”

C.to“livealifewithcompletefreedom”C.“过一种完全自由的生活”

D.to“livealifeofvice”D.“过着罪恶的生活”

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph1与题干信息可定位到第一段第四句“一种没有任何运动的完全久坐不动的生活方式（acompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise）”由此可知这种完全久坐的生活就是没有运动的生活，即不活跃的生活。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B、C、D选项属于曲解原