考研考博-英语-中南林业科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中南林业科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

oncerningspeculation,philosophylooksuponthingsfromthebroadestpossibleperspective;forcriticism,ithasthetwofoldroleofquestioningandjudgingeverythingthatpertainseithertothefoundationsortothesuperstructureofhumanthinking.

问题1选项

A.inebriates

B.forsakes

C.relates

D.emaciates

【答案】C

【解析】Pertain作为后半句的定语从句中的谓语动词，后面有to与之相搭配。选项中常与to搭配的只有relate。A选项inebriate“灌醉，使陶醉”；B选项forsake“放弃，断念”；C选项relate“有联系，涉及”；D选项emaciate“使消瘦”。从句意上来说，也只有C选项relate相符合。

2.单选题

Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.

问题1选项

A.waiting

B.awaitingfor

C.awaiting

D.anticipating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和动词词组辨析。wait“等候”；awaitfor这个词组不常见；await“等候”；anticipate“预期；期望”。句意：采取任何行动之前，委员会正在等待总部的一个决定。wait后面要接一个介词for再加等待的对象；await可以直接接宾语。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Stemcellsare（

）cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.

问题1选项

A.infertile

B.juvenile

C.mobile

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.infertile不育的B.juvenile青少年的；幼稚的

C.mobile可移动的；易变的D.versatile通用的；多功能的；万能的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】干细胞是具有……的细胞，能产生出其他多种细胞。由本句后半句“能产生出其他多种细胞”可知干细胞是具有产生多功能的细胞。所以D选项“通用的；多功能的”符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。

【句意】干细胞是一种多功能细胞，具有分裂和发育成许多其他类型细胞的能力。

4.单选题

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlifeandworkingfrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween“flightorfight”andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicesmadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseaseshaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives—itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould,weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

1.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimetorelaxthemselvesbecause______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Inparagraph2,“suchareaction”refersbackto______.

5.Inthelastsentenceofthearticle,“doso”refersto______.

问题1选项

A.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselves

B.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealth

C.theyaretravelingfastallthetime

D.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork

问题2选项

A.notfearingstress

B.knowingtheartofrelaxation

C.highsenseofresponsibility

D.havingcontroloverperformance

问题3选项

A.Wecanfindsomewaystoremovestress.

B.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeople.

C.Itiseasytochangethehabitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.

D.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountofstress.

问题4选项

A.“makingachoicebetween„flightorfight'”

B.“reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically”

C.“respondingtocrisesquickly”

D.“losingheartatthesignsofdifficulties”

问题5选项

A.“exposeourselvestostress”

B.“findwaystodealwithstress”

C.“removestressfromourlives”

D.“establishlinksbetweendiseasesandstress”

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlifeandworkingfrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.”，可知因为忙于工作，所以生活很难慢下来，也就没有时间放松自我。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.”，可是不怕压力是作为一个管理者的主要品质。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.”，一个人能承受的压力是因人而异的，选项D符合题意。

4.考查上下文语义。根据文章第二段，“Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.”，可知当面对各种形式的压力时，我们会产生生理和化学反应，所以下文的reaction就是指这种反应。选项B符合题意。

5.考查上下文语义。根据文章最后一段，“Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives—itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould,”，可知我们不能消除生活中的压力，即使可以这样做，也是不明智。所以这里是指消除压力这件事。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时thebanana，从四个选项可知cultivate是一个关键词，其与thebanana的关系是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是was过去时，因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Predictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit’sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswillonedayspeakofthe20th-centuryasAmerica’s“DisneyEra.”Today,it’scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsmodemAmericaaspowerfullyasthecompanythatcreatedMickeyMouse.Globally,brandslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonaldsmaybemorewidely-known,butneitherencapsulates20th-centuryAmericainquitethesamewayasDisney.

ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongs

tooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell.Buthewasageniusinplentyofotherrespects.Inbusiness,hisgreatestskillswerehisinsightandhismanagementability.AftersettinghimselfupinHollywood,hesingle-handedlypioneeredtheconceptsofbrandingandmerchandising—somethinghiscompanystilldoesbrilliantlytoday.

ButwhatreallydistinguishedDisneywashisabilitytoidentifywithhisaudiences.Disneyalwaysmadesurehisfilmschampionedthe“littleguy,”andmadehimfeelproudtobeAmerican.Thisheachievedbycreatingcharactersthatreflectedthehopesandfearsoftheordinarypeople.SomecelebratedAmericanachievements—Disney’sveryfirstcartoonPlaneCrazy,featuringasilentMickeyhouse,wasinspiredbyCharlesLindbergh’sflightacrosstheAtlantic.Others,likethethreelittlePigsandSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarves,showedhow,throughhardworkandhelpingone’sfellowman,ordinaryAmericanscouldsurvivesocialandeconomiccrisesliketheGreatDepression.

Disney’sothergreatvirtuewasthefactthathiscompany—unlikeotherbigcorporations—hadahumanface.HisHollywoodstudio—thepublicheard—operatedjustlikeademocracy,whereeveryonewasonfirst-nametermsandhadasayinhowthingsshouldberun.HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.

Thereality,ofcourse,waslessidyllic.Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.Afterastrikebycartoonistsin1941,hebecameconvincedthatHollywoodhadbeeninfiltratedbyCommunists.HeagreedtoworkfortheFBIasamole（间谍）,identifyingandspyingoncolleagueswhomhesuspectedweresubversives.

But,apartfromhisaffiliationswiththeFBI,Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle.Anewbook,TheMagicKingdom:WaltDisneyandtheAmericanWayofLife,byStevenWatts,confirmsthathewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans―inthe30sand40shevotedforFranklinRoosevelt,believinghewasachampionoftheworkers.Also,DisneywasnotanapologistfortheFBI,assomehavesuggested.Infact,hewasalwayssuspiciousoflarge,bureaucraticorganizations,asisevidencedinfilmslikeThatDarnedCat,inwhichheportrayedFBIagentsasbunglingincompetents.

Bythetimehediedin1966,WaltDisneywasaniconlikeThomasEdisonandtheWrightBrothers.Tobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers,hewasarolemodel;tothepublicatlarge,hewas“UncleWalt”一themanwhohadentertainedthemalltheirlives,themanwhorepresentedallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica.

Inthe30yearssincehisdeath,notmuchhaschanged.In1986,hewasattackedasaMcCarthyist,asupporterofbigbusiness,andapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment.However,noneofithasmadeanydifferencetothegeneralpublic.TheirloyaltytoUncleWaltremainsasstrongasever.

1.WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT（

）.

2.WaltDisneybecameaniconafterhisdeathnotbecause

（

）.

3.Inthesixthparagraphthesentence“Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle”means

that

（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardWaltDisneycanbestbedescribedas

（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthepleasantsideofDisney’spatriotism?

问题1选项

A.painting

B.creativity

C.management

D.merchandising

问题2选项

A.Hewasarolemodeltobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers

B.hecouldentertainthepublicatlargealltheirlives

C.hewasapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment

D.hecouldrepresentallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica

问题3选项

A.Disneywasacreativeandcapableperson.

B.DisneyonceagreedtoworkfortheFBI.

C.Disneyranhiscompanyinademocraticway.

D.Disneywassympatheticwithordinarypeople.

问题4选项

A.sympathetic

B.objective

C.critical

D.skeptical

问题5选项

A.HesidedwithordinaryAmericansinhisfilms.

B.HesupportedAmerica’swareffortsinhisownway.

C.Hehaddoubtsaboutlarge,bureaucraticorganizations.

D.HevotedforFranklinRooseveltinthe30sand40s.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell”讽刺的是他画得不太好，可知WaltDisney绘画能力不好，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。文章最后两段讲述了WaltDisney死后的影响，A、C、D选项在倒数第二段中都有提及，B选项在最后一段中提及，不符合题干中成为偶像的原因，因此选B。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“hewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans”可知WaltDisney站在普通美国人这边，因此D选项“迪士尼对普通人很同情”符合题意。

4.观点态度题。根据文章第二段中“ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongstooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.”和第五段中“Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.”可知作者既写了WaltDisney对迪士尼公司的成功有突出贡献，又写了他爱国主义不好的一面，因此作者对WaltDisney的态度是客观的，选B。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.”他也被认为是一位伟大的爱国者，因为他不仅以他的动画片赞美美国，而且在二战期间，他的制作室也为美国士兵制作训练用影片。可知他以自己的方式支持美国的战争努力，因此选B。

7.单选题

Neitherofthetwoparties（

）abletosolvetheproblemsofthepoor.

问题1选项

A.are

B.is

C.havebeen

D.willhavebeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。neitherof+复数名词，谓语动词通常用单数形式。此处表示两个政党中没有哪一个能解决穷人的问题，此处是对客观事实的表述，故用一般现在时，因此选B。句意：这两个政党都不能解决穷人的问题。

8.写作题

YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterDay,

IamMaQingfromNanjingUniversityinJiangsuProvince,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.IhavebecomeaPh.D.candidateofouruniversity.Myresearchinterestiscomparativeculture.WhatIamreallyinterestedinisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.IamproudtosaythatIhavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.MyresearchpapersoftenappearinsomeinfluentialcorejournalsinChina.Buttotellthetruth,myknowledgeoftheUnitedStatesisfarlessthanmyknowledgeofChina.Sothatisnotconducivetowritingmydissertationrelatedtocomparativeculture.Undersuchcircumstances,Ishouldliketopursueaco-operativeprogramforPh.D.inyouruniversity.IfIhavefinishedlearningsomecoursesinChinathisyear,Iwilltakesomeothercoursesinyouruniversitynextyear.IespeciallywishtomakegreaterprogressinmyacademicresearchunderyourtutelagebecauseIknowyouareafamousscholarintheEastWestCenter,theUniversityofHawaii.

Ifyoucouldacceptmyrequest,Iwouldappreciateitverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

MaQing

9.单选题

BecauseJenkinsneither______nordefendseithermanagementorthestrikingworkers,bothaidesadmirehisjournalistic________.

问题1选项

A.criticizes...acumen

B.attacks...neutrality

C.confronts...aptitude

D.dismisses...flair

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。criticize“批评，评论”；attack“攻击，抨击”；confront“面对，遭遇”；dismiss“解散，解雇”。acumen“聪明，敏锐”；neutrality“中立”；aptitude“天资”；flair“资质”。句意：因为詹金斯对于管理层和罢工工人既不批评也不为之辩护，两个助手都很佩服他的新闻敏锐感。选项A符合题意。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryearsisthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】绘画是静态的。在几天或几年时间里反复看一幅画的经历的独特性在于画的内容在变迁中仍然保持不变。当然，由于历史或个人发展,尽管该图像的意义可能会改变,但描述的内容是不变的:一样的奶瓶中流出的一样的牛奶，海面上完全一样的完整的波浪，不变的微笑和笑脸。

人们可能会说，绘画保存了一个瞬间。然而，仔细想想，这显然是不真实的。因为与被拍摄的瞬间不一样，绘画中的瞬间从未存在。因此，不能说一幅画保存了一个瞬间。如果一幅画留住了某个瞬间，那么它就不能保存代替随后瞬间的过去瞬间，就像相片一样。

11.单选题

It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

_____.

问题1选项

A.Yes,takeiteasy.

B.Well,itjustdepends.

C.OK.Justinease.

D.Allright,you’rewelcome.

【答案】C

【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，请带伞。_____。所以回答应该是：好的，为了以防万一。A项“是的，慢慢来”；B项“仅仅取决于”；D项“不客气”。根据句意选C。

12.单选题

TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown;infact,thebakingindustryis（）.

问题1选项

A.adhesive

B.flourishing

C.incidental

D.accommodating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”；B选项为“繁荣的；盛行的”；C选项为“附属的；偶然的；伴随发生的”；D选项为“乐于助人的；可通融的；随和的”。因此，B选项更符合题意。

13.单选题

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

问题1选项

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪费,慷慨给予;extravert使思想外倾;impose征税,强加;vaunt自夸，吹嘘。句意：虽然他做了许多伟大的事情，但他从不觉得有必要夸耀自己的成就。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Manyrenownedscientistsquestionedthevalidityoftheassumption.

问题1选项

A.credit

B.weakness

C.correctness

D.uncertainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“信用，信誉”；B选项weakness“弱点；软弱；嗜好”；C选项correctness“正确性”；D选项uncertainty“犹豫；不确定的事物；不确定度”。句意：许多著名的科学家对这一假设的正确性提出了质疑。结合此处关键词questionedthe…oftheassumption（对假设提出质疑），结合句意，得知C选项正确。

15.单选题

Shallowpoolsofwaterareliabletoattractmosquitoesandother（）.

问题1选项

A.insects

B.flies

C.garbage

D.garage

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。insects昆虫;flies苍蝇;garbage垃圾;garage仓库。句意：浅水区容易吸引蚊子和其他昆虫。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Henry'snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso（）thatnothinghadbeenomitted.

问题1选项

A.clear

B.integrated

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。句意：亨利关于这次会议的新闻报道非常全面,

没有遗漏任何东西。选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

Acomputerfileisacollectionof（

）data,usedtoorganizethestorageandprocessingofdatabycomputer.

问题1选项

A.electrical

B.artificial

C.electronic

D.genuine

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。electrical有关电的；artificial人造的；electronic电子的；genuine真实的，诚恳的。句意：计算机文件是电子数据的集合，用来组织计算机对数据的存储和处理。这里指电子数据，所以选项C正确。

18.单选题

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（

）theactiononthescreen.

问题1选项

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate“污染”；compliment“恭维”；contemplate“沉思，注视”；complement“补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

Poetryisanaturalor（

）overflowofpowerfulfeelings.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.homogeneous

【答案】A

【解析】句意:诗是自然而然，自发溢出的强烈的情感。

形容词辨析。Spontaneous自发的，自然的;simultaneous同吋的，同时发生的;instantaneous瞬间的，即时的;Homogeneous同种的，同质的。因此A符合句意。

20.单选题

Nextsemester,Susanmusttakethreecompulsorycourses.

问题1选项

A.formal

B.voluntary

C.practical

D.required

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。compulsory“义务的；必修的；被强制的”；A选项formal“正式的；拘谨的；有条理的”；B选项voluntary“自愿的；故意的”；C选项practical“实际的；实用性的”；D选项required“必需的；必修的”。句意：下学期，苏珊必须修三门必修课。根据句中“courses课程”可知compulsory在这里的意思为“必修的”，因此D选项正确。

21.单选题

Manyeconomistsbelievedthat______consumerswouldcutspendingoncethevalueoftheirhomesbegantofall.

问题1选项

A.overstretched

B.oversaturated

C.overproduced

D.overpopulated

【答案】A

【解析】overstretched过度延伸的，指系统或组织被迫过度运作的；oversaturated过饱和的；overproduce过度生产的；overpopulated人口过密的，人口过剩的。句意：许多经济学家认为，一旦房价开始下跌，超负荷的消费者就会削减支出。选项A符合句意。

22.单选题

Chinawilllowerthe（）forforeignerstocometothecountryandstreamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina.

问题1选项

A.measure

B.threshold

C.permit

D.statute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项measure表示“测量，措施，程度”，B选项threshold表示“入口，门槛，开始”，C选项permit表示“许可证，执照”，D选项statute表示“法规，法令，条例”。由后文的关键信息“streamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina”可知，中国会简化外国人在中国投资和创业的程序，说明中国将会降低外国人来中国的门槛。由此可知，本题正确答案为B选项。

23.单选题

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto（）sincerity.

问题1选项

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。seem的用法为“主语+seem+（tobe）+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态，所以排除A、C选项；lackof“没有；不够；缺乏；不足”，经常和for或becauseof连用；lack还可以用“现在分词”的形式组成一个惯用句型belackingin来表示“欠缺、特点等”，该句型中介词in不可省略。句意：我们试图尽快和他们解决这个问题，但他们似乎缺乏诚意。因此D选项正确。

24.单选题

Japanisgoingthroughacomplexnationalidentitycrisis.Thatmaybenobadthing,saysanewbookbyanAmericanacademicJapanologist.Theeconomyisstalled,butthesocietyisinmotion.Japanisadifficultcountrytoreportonandanalyzebecausethingsdonotchangeinbig,noticeableways;theychangeinanincrementalprocess,generallyofsmallstepsbutwhich,overtime,canadduptobigmovements.Andjustsuchabigmovementseemstobetakingplace.

Mr.Nathan,aprofessorofJapaneseculturalstudies,hasbeenobservingJapansincethe1960s.Whereasmostpeoplelookateconomicdataorthecomingsandgoingsofprimeministers,heismoreinterestedinschools,novels,comicbooks,andthemindsofyoungentrepreneursandmavericklocalpoliticians.Inparticular,hisfocusisonwhetherJapan’sfamouslycohesive,conformistsocietymaybefracturingunderthestrainofeconomicstagnation,andonhowsuchstrainshavebeenaffectingthecountry’ssenseofpurposeandofnationalidentity.

Fracturesarewhathelooksforandfracturesarewhathefinds.Onbalance,theyareneitherobviouslydangerousnorobviouslypositive,buttheyare,ashesays,signsofmotionwhichcould,intime,leadinunpredictabledirections.Themostworryingfractureshewritesaboutareintheschools,whereviolenceandtruancyhaverisenremarkably.OldJapanhandsshrugwearilyatsuchthings,forworriesaboutbullyinghavelongexistedbuthaveneverreallyseemedterriblyserious.Now,though,Mr.Nathan’snumbersdomakethesituationlookgrave.

Since1998,youthsagedbetween14and19havebeeninvolvedin50%ofallarrestsforfelonies,includingmurder.Truancyisalsointheup.Mr.Nathanassertsthatthetruenumberis350,000children,or5%ofthestudentpopulation.

Suchtrendsappeartobesymptomsoftworelatedphenomena:awidespreadfeelingofdisillusionment,alienation,uncertaintyorplainanger,whichhasspreadtochildrentoo;andagradualbreakdownofoldsystemsofdiscipline—partfamilial,partsocial,partlegal一whichappeartopreventschoolsandparentsfromdealingeffectivelywitherrantchildren.

Japanis,inshort,passingthroughanationalidentitycrisis.Thereareplentyofpositiveaspectstoittoo,however.Oneisaconsiderableincreaseinthenumberofactualorbuddingyoungentrepreneurs,atrendespeciallyvisibleinthewillingnessofhigh-flyerstoleavegood,safejobsinordertosetuptheirownfirms.Thenumbersremainmodest,butareneverthelesssurprisinglyhighgiventhestateoftheeconomyinrecentyears.Anotherisaneweagernessamongpopularwritersandmaverickpoliticianstotrytodefineandencourageanewnationalpride.

1.WhatcharacterizesthesocialchangesinJapanesesocietyisthat（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

3.SchoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemtobe（

）.

4.ThereasonbehindschoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemstobethat（

）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theyareoftenaccompaniedbyanationalidentitycrisis

B.theyoftentakeplaceinmajorscalebutendupinsmalleffect

C.theyoftenhappenhumblywhileproducinghugeaccumulativeconsequences

D.theyoftentakeplacewithoutbeinganalyzedandreportedduetotheircomplexity

问题2选项

A.Japanisundergoingaseriouspoliticalinstability

B.astaticeconomymighthaveanegativeinfluenceonsociety

C.mostpeopleinJapanareunderseverementalstrain

D.manypeoplesufferfromafractureduetotheirjobpressure

问题3选项

A.tiringJapaneseparentsupforalongtime

B.notasseriousasmostJapanesehaveimagined

C.quicklyontheincreaseespeciallyinrecentyears

D.obviouslyendangeringthesafetyofJapanesestudents

问题4选项

A.schoolandparentsdonotwanttodealwitherrantchildreneffectively

B.economicstagnationhasreducedparents'timetocommunicatewiththeirchildren

C.youthsbullyinghasalreadybecomeapopularpracticeforstudentsandtheyfinditexciting

D.childrenareinfectedwithproblemintheadultworldandrulesarenotstrictenough

问题5选项

A.SolutionstoYouthsCrimesinJapan.

B.TheJapaneseNationalIdentityCrisis

C.SchoolViolenceandTruancyinJapan.

D.EconomicandSocialChangesinJapan.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推断题。第一段：...Japanisadifficultcountrytoreportonandanalyzebecausethingsdonotchangeinbig,noticeableways(其实很难报道日本和分析日本，因为在日本，事情不是以大规模以及人们可以注意得到的方式发生变化的)。由此推测C项(通常不起眼地发生，但也会因累积而产生巨大的后果)正确。

2.推断题。第二段：Inparticular,hisfocusisonwhetherJapan’sfamously

cohesive,conformistsocietymaybefracturingunderthestrainofeconomicstagnation,andonhowsuchstrainshavebeenaffectingthecountry'ssenseofpurposeandofnationalidentity.他关注的重点在...日本社会是否在经济停滞的压力下产生裂痕，以及这种压力是怎样影响国家的宗旨和国家特征的。可知，Nathan要研究的就是日本经济停滞是否造成社会裂痕。故选B(停滞的经济可能对社会产生消极影响)。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词Schoolviolenceandtruancy定位至第三段:Themostworryingfractureshewritesaboutareintheschools,whereviolenceandtruancyhaverisenremarkably.OldJapanhandsshrugwearilyatsuchthings,forworriesaboutbullyinghavelongexistedbuthaveneverreallyseemedterriblyserious(他有写到最令人担忧的裂痕是在学校，那里的暴力和旷课现象会显著增加。日本家长对这些事情疲倦地耸耸肩，因为对欺凌的担心由来已久，但似乎并没有那么严重)。故A:使日本家长们疲惫很久了。为正确答案。

4.推断题。第五段:Suchtrendsappeartobesymptomsoftworelatedphenomena:awidespreadfeelingofdisillusionment,alienation,uncertaintyorplainanger,whichhasspreadtochildrentoo;andagradualbreakdownofoldsystemsofdiscipline(这种趋势似乎是两种相关现象的症状：一种普遍的幻灭感、疏离感、不确定感或明显的愤怒感，这种情绪也蔓延到了儿童身上；一种是旧的纪律体系逐渐瓦解),由此可知,D项(成人的问题影响了孩子，而且规则也不够严格)正确。

5.主旨大意题。全文主要是谈论日本经济停滞对社会造成的问题。但是作者认为日本国民认同危机是有利有弊。

25.单选题

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswouldlegitimizeherlongeffort.

问题1选项

A.justify

B.testify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。legitimize意为“使合法化，证明……为有理（或正当）”；justify意为“证明……有理”；testify意为“作证”；rectify意为“改正，校正”；verify意为“核实，查对”。

句意：她努力做自己的工作，直到确定所得到的结果可以证明自己长久以来的努力是有理由的。

26.单选题

Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors——orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown——canbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyofferusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.

Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly"political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera.JoseClementeOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueirosaswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartines——depictedtheseMexicanartists’deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.

Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesareunholy.

1.Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistorybecausearthistory（

）.

2.Artissubjectiveinthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thepassageismainlydiscussing

（

）.

5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthispassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.showsust