考研考博-英语-中国地质大学（北京）考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国地质大学（北京）考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.TheyworkindifferentfieldsofAItechnology.

B.TheydisagreeaboutthefutureofAItechnology.

C.Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmoderntechnology.

D.Theyarebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology.

问题2选项

A.SimplywritingAIsoftware.

B.Stimulatingandmotivating.

C.Lesstime-consumingandfocusingoncreation.

D.Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.

问题3选项

A.Therecouldbejobsnobodywantstodo.

B.Digitallifecouldreplacehumancivilization.

C.Humanswouldbetiredofcommunicatingwithoneanother.

D.Oldpeoplewouldbetakencareofsolelybyunfeelingrobots.

问题4选项

A.Lifewillbecomelikeasciencefictionfilm.

B.Itwilltakeawayhumans’jobsaltogether.

C.Chipswillbeinsertedinhumanbrains.

D.Itwillbesmarterthanhumanbeings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:[5]Howdoyoufeelaboutthefutureofartificialintelligence?Personally,Ifeelquiteoptimisticaboutit.

M:[5]AI?I’mnotsooptimisticactually.Infact,it’ssomethingweshouldbeconcernedabout.

W:Well,itwillhelpushumansunderstandourselvesbetter,andwhenwehaveabetterunderstandingofourselves,wecanimprovetheworld.

M:Well,onethingisforsure,technologyisevolvingfasterthanourabilitytounderstandit,andinthefutureAIwillmakejobskindofpointless.

W:[6]Ithinkartificialintelligencewillactuallyhelpcreatenewkindsofjobswhichwouldrequirelessofourtimeandallowustobecenteredoncreativetasks.

M:Idoubtthatverymuch.ProbablythelastjobthatwillremainwouldbewritingAIsoftware.Andtheneventually,AIwilljustwriteitsownsoftware.

W:Atthattime,we’regoingtohavealotofjobswhichnobodywillwanttodo,sowe’llneedartificialintelligencefortherobotstotakecareoftheoldguyslikeus.

M:Idon’tknow.[7]There’sariskthathumancivilizationcouldbereplacedbyasuperiortypeofdigitallife.AIwillbeabletocompletelysimulateapersonineverywaypossible.Infact,somepeoplethinkwe’reinasimulation,rightnow.

W:That’simpossible.Humanscan’tevenmakeamosquito.Computersonlyhavechips.Peoplehavebrains,andthat’swherethewisdomcomesfrom.

M:Onceit’sfullydeveloped,AIwillbecometiredoftryingtocommunicatewithhumans,aswewouldbemuchslowerthinkersincomparison.

W:I’mnotsosure.Acomputerisacomputer,andacomputerisjustatoy.

M:[8]Computerscaneasilycommunicateincrediblyfast,sothecomputerwilljustgetimpatienttalkingtohumans.It’llbebarelygettinganyinformationout.

W:Well,Ibelievethere’sabenevolentfuturewithAI.Ialsothinkyouwatchtoomanysciencefictionfilms.

5.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问从对话中我们可以了解到关于说话人的哪些信息？根据录音原文可知，男士和女士就人工智能的未来展开讨论，并且双方持不同的观点，女士持乐观的态度，男士则与之相反，并且表示担忧。由此可知，B选项“他们对人工智能技术的未来意见不一”正确。A选项“他们都在人工智能技术的不同领域工作”这一信息在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“他们在现代技术方面的认识差别很大”，表述过于宽泛，录音中只提到人工智能领域，并没有涉及其他现代技术，因此C选项不正确；D选项“他们都担心技术的负面影响”，录音中只有男士对此是担忧的，女士是持乐观的态度，因此，D选项不正确。

6.Whatwillnewkindsofjobsbelike,accordingtothewoman?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据女士的说法，新型的工作会是什么样的？女士认为人工智能将有助于创造新型的工作，这些工作将占用人们更少的时间，让人们集中精力去做创造性的工作，C选项“花费的时间更少且专注于创造”与录音原文的意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“仅仅需要编写人工智能软件”不属于女士的观点，因此排除；B选项“有趣又能激励人心的”和D选项“要求更高且需要特殊培训的”在录音原文中均未提及，因此排除。

7.Whatistheriskthemananticipates?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问男士预期会出现的风险是什么？女士提出未来会出现很多没人愿意做的工作，所以需要人工智能机器人来帮我们做。对于这一点，男士表示怀疑，认为这样的话，人类文明可能会被一种先进的数字生活方式所取代，B选项“数字生活可能会取代人类文明”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“可能会有没人愿意做的工作”是女士提出的观点，与男士无关，因此排除；C选项“人类会厌倦彼此交流”，录音中说的是，一旦人工智能发展完善，将会厌倦与人类交流，并不是人类厌倦彼此交流，属于偷换概念。D选项“老年人将只能由没有感情的机器人来照顾”，录音中女士说的是：我们需要人工智能让机器人来照顾我们这些年老的人，选项意思与录音原文不符，并且不属于男士的看法，因此也可排除。

8.Whatistheman’sconcernaboutAItechnology?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问男士对人工智能技术有什么顾虑？在对话的最后，男士说道，计算机很容易就能以惊人的速度进行通信，所以未来计算机与人类交流时，只会失去耐心，这样的话，人类几乎不可能从中获取任何信息。由此可知，男士认为以计算机为依托的人工智能可能在未来超越人类的智慧，没有耐心与人类交流，D选项“它将比人类更聪明”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。A选项“生活会变得像科幻电影”利用录音最后的sciencefictionfilm设置干扰，与原文表述不符，因此排除；B选项“它将彻底夺走人类的工作”，虽然在原文中能找到相关信息，但这只是表面信息，男士的顾虑归根结底还是因为人工智能的发展可能会超越人类的智慧，因此B选项不准确；C选项“人类的大脑将会被植入芯片”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

2.单选题

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

问题1选项

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

问题2选项

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

问题3选项

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation

C.afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren

D.parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education

问题4选项

A.Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.

B.Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.

C.Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestment.

D.Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.

问题5选项

A.unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries

B.thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen

C.themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety

D.theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文首段第一句“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.在发展中国家，为女孩提供教育保障的回报率很可能比其他任何投资都要高。”由此可知，C选项rewarding“有回报的”符合原文。A选项troublesome“麻烦的”；B选项labor-saving“节省劳力的”；D选项expensive“昂贵的”，均不正确。

2.作者意图题。根据第二段最后一句话“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.这种预言变成了自我实现，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。”这一预言即破折号前面所提到的“Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool…因此，女孩被认为不如男孩有价值，她们被关在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容，作者通过列举一个受过教育的母亲的事例来阐述了恶性循环变成良性循环的情况。受过教育的母亲不会有很多孩子，能够顾及所有孩子的发展，确保她的女儿能够得到公平（接受教育）的机会。因此，她女儿的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是说，只有当女孩能够获得平等接受教育的机会才能使恶性循环变成良性循环，所以选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段的第一、二句“Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.几乎没有人会质疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社会效益。但它同样也有巨大的经济优势。”这一观点和首段第一句呼应，由此可知，作者认为女性接受教育会产生比其他投资更大的回报。所以选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容以及上一题可知，作者一直在强调女性接受教育所产生的回报，不仅具有巨大的社会效益，同样也有巨大的经济优势。所以本文主要讨论的是妇女接受教育所带来的经济和社会利益，选项D符合原文。

3.单选题

Thecriminalhadplannedtoescapefromtheprison,buthisattemptprovedtobean（）.

问题1选项

A.abortion

B.accident

C.adventure

D.alarm

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。abortion"流产，计划（失败）”;accident“事故，意外”;adventure“冒险”；alarm“警报”。前面提到罪犯试图越狱，后面转折词but表明他没有成功，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这个罪犯试图越狱，但是他的计划没有成功。

4.单选题

Heanticipated______muchpleasurefromthereadingofthatwell-soldbook.

问题1选项

A.toget

B.getting

C.tohavegot

D.havinggot

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词的用法。anticipate作动词，表示“预期，预料，预见”，后面跟的宾语通常是名词或者动名词，一般不接不定式作宾语，A、C两项可排除；D项为现在完成时，anticipate是一般过去时，D项不符合句子时态。句意：他期待着能从那本畅销书中得到乐趣。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.填空题

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvival.Ingeneralhowever,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cthefittestsurvival改为thefittestsurvive

【解析】【考查点】谓语动词。

【解题思路】B部分到句子结尾为从句，C部分为从句的主干部分，其句型结构为主谓，survival为名词，survive为动词，其意思为“生存，存活”，符合语境。

【句意】许多作家认为，在动物为生存而进行的斗争不可避免，只有适者生存。然而，一般来说，自然界中的这种斗争是竞争，而不是冲突。

6.单选题

Herprofessionalethicsisnowbeingquestionedsincesheoften（）herreportstosuitthepeoplesheisspeakingto.

问题1选项

A.disfigures

B.deforms

C.misshapes

D.distorts

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A:disfigures“丑化”；B:deforms“使变形”；C:misshapes“变成畸形”；D:distorts“扭曲”。句意：她专业的伦理学现在正被质疑，因为她经常扭曲她的报告来迎合她交谈的人。根据句意，D符合题意。

7.单选题

Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield（）.

问题1选项

A.inview

B.inquestion

C.incase

D.ineffect

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项inview“已提出的；已计划好的”；B选项inquestion“正被讨论的”；C选项incase“万一；如果”；D选项ineffect“生效；正实施中”。句意：任何专业讨论的词汇可能包括……主题或领域之外从来不使用的单词。一些专业术语会在正讨论着的主题或者领域外产生。句中缺少outsidethesubjectorfield一个修饰语，B选项符合句意和逻辑，故选B。

8.单选题

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

问题1选项

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sallow“气色不好的；灰黄色的”；B选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的”；C选项pale“苍白的；无力的；暗淡的”；D选项blushing“鲜红的；脸红的”。句意：他长着方下巴，脸色苍白，体格健壮但不太结实，看起来就像脖子上挂着个口哨的人。pasty“苍白的；面糊似的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

9.案例题

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I'vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsession（痴迷）ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe'vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn'tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria（歇斯底里）isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven'tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon'tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors'feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates'lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool'saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke（偶然）.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit'snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetition.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerateduptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

A.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.

B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.

C.Theirchildrenallhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentthantheyusedto.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“kidscountmorethantheircolleges”.(Line1,para.4)?

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.

B.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.

C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground.

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.

4.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdoesnotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdoesnotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat(

).

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】1.D

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe'veraisedthem.Butwecan'tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”我们把子女的教育背景当成是一种奖品，展示我们如何成功地养育了他们。但却不承认我们对此的痴迷与其说是为了他们，不如说是为了我们自己。选项D符合原文。

2.

根据第二段的第一句“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon'tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.”我们对名声有着极度的恐慌，我们担心孩子无法接受较好的高等教育。由此可知，选项A符合原文。

3.count意为"重要，有价值"。根据第四段的内容可知，进入知名大学并不是唯一的指标，知名大学的学历也并不能帮助学生进入博士学习。这些说明了孩子本身的能力比他们学习的学校更重要。选项C正确。

4.

根据关键词“Krueger”定位到第四段的最后两句“...HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.”GRE的高分有助于决定谁能继续博士学习，而知名大学的学历不能做到这一点。选项B知名大学的学历并不能保证能继续学习与原文相符，正确。

5.

根据最后一段的后半部分“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”选项C符合原文。

10.写作题

Directions:Itisfoundthatmanystudentstodaysimply"cutandpaste"informationfromtheInternetwhentheydotheirassignments.Whatcanbedonetostopthis?Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldalsogiveyouressayapropertitleonthebasisofyoursuggestion(s).Writetheessayontheanswersheet2only.

【答案】TeachersandStudentsShouldUnite11.单选题

Anestheticsaresubstances（）todeadenpainorproduceaconditioninwhichsomeorallofthesenses,especiallytouch,stopfunctioningorarereduced.

问题1选项

A.diverted

B.enforced

C.exercised

D.administered

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。divert"转移"；enforce"实施，执行"，常指法律的实施；exercise"运动，练习"；administer"管理，作为治疗或药物使用"。句意：麻醉药是一种用来镇痛的物质，或者使部分或全部感觉，尤其是触觉，停止运行，或降低运行。administer可以用来指药物的实施。所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.

问题1选项

A.indifference

B.compliment

C.negligence

D.reproach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项indifference“漠不关心；不重视；中立”；B选项compliment“恭维；称赞；问候”；C选项negligence“疏忽；忽视”；D选项reproach“责备；责骂”。句意：我没有听妈妈的话，看到她脸上责备的表情，我并不感到惊讶。题干中说到“Ididn’tlistentoMom我没有听妈妈的话”，而“责备”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Mymotherlikestohaveherhair______.

问题1选项

A.cured

B.carved

C.circled

D.curled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项cured“熏制的，风干的”，B项carved“有雕刻的”，C项circled“包围的，圆圈的”，D项curled“卷曲的，鬈发的”。根据句子关键词hair“头发”可知，空格处填入D项符合语境。句意：我妈妈喜欢把头发卷起来。因此，该题选择D项正确。

14.翻译题

Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday--imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesofbuses.ImagesalsogracesodacansandT-shirts,andInternetsearchenginescaninstantlyprocureimagesforanywordyoutype.Today,anyonewithadigitcameraandaPCcanproduceandalteranimage.Asaresult,thepoweroftheimagehasbeendilutedinonesense,butstrengthenedinanother.Ithasbeendilutebytheubiquityofimagesandthemanypopulartechnologiesthatgivealmosteveryonethepowertocreate,distort,andtransitimages.Butithasbeenstrengthenedbythegradualsurrenderoftheprintedwordtopictures.

Weloveimagesandthedemocratizingpoweroftechnologiesthatgiveusthecapabilitytomakeandmanipulateimages.Whatwearelesseagertoconsiderarebroaderculturaleffectsofasocietydevotedtotheimage.Historianshaveexploredthestoryofmankind’smovementfromanoral-basedculturetoawrittenculture,andlatertoaprintedone.Butinthepastseveraldecades,wehavebeguntomovefromaculturebasedontheprintedwordtoonebasedlargelyonimages.Inmakingimagesratherthantextsourguide,areweopeningupnewvistasforunderstandingandexpression,creatinganewformofcommunicationthatis“betterthanprint,”assomescholarshaveargued?Orarewemerelymakingapeculiarandunwelcomereturntoformsofcommunicationonceascendantinpreliteratesocieties?Twothingsinparticularareatstakeinourcontemporaryconfrontationwithanimage-basedculture.First,technologyhasconsiderablyunderminedourabilitytotrustwhatwesee,yetwehavenotadequatelygrappledwiththeeffectsofthisonournotionsoftruth.Second,ifweareindeedmovingfromtheeraoftheprintedwordtoaneradominatedbytheimage,whatimpactwillthishaveonculture?

【答案】普通人每天会在电视上、报纸上、杂志上和公交车上看到成千上万的图像。汽水罐和T恤上也有图像，互联网搜索引擎可以立即为你输入的任何单词获取图像。今天，任何人只要有一台数码相机和一台电脑就可以制作和修改图像。因此，形象的力量在某种意义上被稀释了，但在另一种意义上被加强了。它已经被无处不在的图像和许多流行的技术冲淡了，这些技术几乎给了每个人创造、扭曲和传送图像的能力。但印刷文字逐渐向图片屈服，使其更加强大。

我们喜欢图像，也喜欢技术的民主化，它让我们有能力制作和处理图像。我们不太愿意考虑的是一个致力于这一形象的社会所产生的更广泛的文化影响。历史学家探索了人类从口述文化到书面文化，再到印刷文化的发展历程。但在过去的几十年里，我们已经开始从一种基于印刷文字的文化转向一种主要基于图像的文化。让图像而非文本成为我们的向导，我们是否为理解和表达开辟了新的前景，创造了一种正如一些学者所说的“比印刷更好”的交流新形式？或者，我们仅仅是在以一种奇特的、不受欢迎的方式回归到曾经在文字出现前的社会中盛行的交流方式？在我们当代与以形象为基础的文化的对抗中，尤其有两件事会处于危险之中。首先，技术大大削弱了我们相信所见事物的能力，但我们还没有充分应对这对我们的真理观念所产生的影响。第二，如果我们真的从印刷文字的时代进入了一个以图像为主导的时代，这将对文化产生怎样的影响?

15.单选题

Whenproductsmadeinfactories（）,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.

问题1选项

A.cometoanend

B.areputtouse

C.areusedup

D.wearout

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项cometoanend“结束”；B选项areputtouse“使用，利用”；C选项areusedup“用完，用尽”；D选项wearout“磨损，耗尽，穿破”。句意：当工厂生产的产品用坏了，就会作为垃圾扔掉。选项D最符合语境。

16.单选题

Heknewat（）levelthathewasguilty.

问题1选项

A.Spirit

B.gut

C.soul

D.eye

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项spirit“精神，心灵，情绪，志气，烈酒”，专指人的内在品质、意志和精神或者某事物的主要目的、含义、代表的精神；B选项gut“勇气，胆量，肠子”；C选项soul“灵魂，心灵，精神，鬼魂”；D选项eye“眼睛，视力，眼光，见解，观点”。句意：他知道他在精神上是有罪的。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

TheartsandCraftmovementintheUnitedStatesareresponsiblefor（）changeinattitudestowardthedecorativearts,thenconsideredtheminororhouseholdarts.

问题1选项

A.smashing

B.sleeping

C.sweeping

D.switching

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。smashing“极好的，猛烈的”；sleeping“睡着的”；sweeping“影响广泛的，规模大的”；switching“开关，动词的-ing形式”。句意：美国的艺术和工艺运动使人们对装饰艺术的态度发生了翻天覆地的变化，它考虑到低层次的艺术或家庭艺术。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.

问题1选项

A.believed

B.discarded

C.advocated

D.confirmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。deem表示“认为，相信”，bedeemedto表示“被认为”；A项believe“相信，信任”，B项discard“抛弃，放弃”，C项advocate“提倡，拥护”，D项confirm“确认，证实”。句意：学术诚信对于那些致力于科学研究的人来说是至关重要的。根据句意可知A项正确。

19.单选题

Desertplants（

）twocategoriesaccordingtothewaytheydealwiththeproblemofsurvivingdrought.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.fallinto

C.differin

D.referto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。breakdown“分解，发生故障”；fallinto“落入，分成”；differin“在……方面存在不同”；referto“参考，涉及”。句意：沙漠中的植物根据其在干旱中的生活方式可以分为两钟。选项B符合题意。

20.单选题

Justinwasalwaysprepared.Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout:youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullofflatbicycletires,benttennisrackets.Deflatedbasketballs,andgameswithmissingpiecesthatyoucouldbarelygetinthedoor.Hisparentspleadedwithhimtocleanouthisroom.

“Whatuseisafishtankwithaholeinthebottom?”hisfatherasked.ButJustinsimplysmiledandrepeatedhismotto,“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy.”

WhenJustinwasawayfromhome,healwayscarriedhisbluebackpack.Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.Itwassowornandstretchedthatithardlyresembledabackpackanymore.Itwasfullofthekindofthingsthatseemedunimportant,butwhenusedwithalittleimagination,mightcomeinhandy.

Justinhadearnedareputationforfiguringthingsoutandgettingpeopleoutofotherwisehopelesssituations.Manyofhisclassmatesandneighborssoughthimoutwhentheyneededhelpwithaproblem.Onthefirstdayofschool,hisfriendKenny,camelookingforJustin.

“Doyouthinkyouhavesomethinginyourbagthatcouldhelpmeremembermylockercombination?”heasked.“Ilostthescrapofpaperitwaswrittenon.IhavescienceclassintwominutesandifI’mlateonthefirstdayit’llmakemelookbadfortherestoftheyear.”Kennylookedgenuinelyworried.

“Relax”,Justinsaid,takinghisbackpackoffandunzippingthetop.“Rememberhowyouborrowedmynotebookinhomeroomtowritethecombinationdown?Well.Iknowhowwecanrecoverwhatyouwrote.”

Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag.ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook.Justinheldthepencilonitssideandrubbeditlightlyovertheindentations.Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite,setoffbythegraypencilrubbings.

“That’samazing!”Kennysaid.“Ioweyouone.”Andhedashedofftoopenhislocker.

1.WhyisJustin’sroomsuchamess?

2.Theword“pleaded”inParagraph1canbestbereplaceby

（

）.

3.InwhatwayisJustin’sbackpackasmallerversionofhisbedroom?

4.HowdoesJustinhelphisfriends?

5.HowcomeJustincouldhelpKennyrecoverhislockercombination?

问题1选项

A.Healwaysforgetstoclean.

B.Heneverthrowsanythingaway.

C.Hehasnotimetoclean.

D.Hesharesaroomwithhisbrother.

问题2选项

A.ignored

B.asked

C.pushed

D.begged

问题3选项

A.Heusesitasaplacetostoreobjects.

B.Heusesittocarryhisbooksandsportsequipment.

C.Hisparentstellhimtocleanitallthetime.

D.He’shadforaslongashecanremember.

问题4选项

A.Heoffersthemadvices.

B.Heloansthemhisbackpack.

C.Helistenstotheirproblem.

D.Heusedtheobjectsinhisbackpack.

问题5选项

A.JustinrememberedKenny’slockercombination.

B.KennyhadleftthescrapofpaperinJustin’sbackpack.

C.KennyhadleftindentationsofthecombinationonJustin’snotebook.

D.Justinfoundthescrapofpaperthelockercombinationwaswrittenon.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。问：为什么Justin的房间很乱，定位到文章第一段第二句Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullof…（他的座右铭是“永远不要扔掉任何东西，你永远不知道它什么时候会派上用场”。他的卧室里满是……）可知原因是B“他从不扔掉任何东西”。A项“他总是忘记打扫”，C项“没有时间打扫”，D项“他和他弟弟共享一个房间”，文中均未体现。

2.语义推测题。plead“恳求，乞求”；只有D项“恳求，乞求”与之意思相同，此外根据文章第一段所讲内容，可以知道他的父母是恳求他清理房间，所以此处的pleaded可以用begged代替。A项“忽视”；B项“询问；请求”；C项“推”均不符合。

3.细节事实题。题目问题：Justin的背包以何种方式被看作是房间的缩小版。定位到文章第三段第二句Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.（他喜欢把它想象成卧室的缩小版——一个存放他收集的许多物品的地方）可知答案为A“他把它当作存放物品的地方”。B项“他用它来装书和运动器材”，文章未提及；C项“他父母叫他一直打扫”和D项“从他记事起他就一直带着这个”，均不符合题意。

4.细节事实题。问题：Justin是怎样帮助他的朋友的。定位到文章第七段第一句“Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag…”（他从包里拿出笔记本和一支软铅笔……）可知他是用他包里的一些东西来帮助他的朋友，因此D“他用了包里的东西”为正确答案。A项“他给了建议”和B项“他把他的包借给了他们”，文中并未提及；C项“他倾听了他们的问题”，文中他不仅仅倾听了他们的问题，而且用行动帮助了他们，故C项错误。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章倒数第二段最后三句ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook…Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite…（Kenny写的那一页在笔记本的另一页上留下了模糊的凹痕……储物柜组合的数字慢慢地但肯定地以白色出现）可知答案为C“肯尼在贾斯汀的笔记本上留下了这个组合的凹痕”。A项“贾斯汀记得肯尼的储物柜密码组合”，B项“肯尼把纸片留在了贾斯汀的背包里”，D项“贾斯汀找到了写着储物柜密码的纸片”，均不符合文意。

21.单选题

（）asplanneddependsontheweather.

问题1选项

A.We'llgoontheexcursion

B.Thatwe'llgoontheexcursion

C.Howwe'llgoontheexcursion

D.Whetherwe'llgoontheexcursion

【答案】D

【解析】考查主语从句。原句表示，我们是否能按计划出去郊游取决于天气。因此本题正确答案为D选项。

22.单选题

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

问题1选项

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项setupon“袭击；挑拨，唆使；开始”；B选项setin“开端；来临；到来”；Csetabout选项“开始着手；考虑”；D选项setdown“放下；记下；登记；写下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B选