考研考博-英语-亳州职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-亳州职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

MostpeopledonotknowthatJulietteGordonLow,thefounderoftheGirlScoutsofAmerica,wasdeaf.Shebegantoloseherhearingwhenshewas17,andbecamealmosttotallydeafinheradulthood.

JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetingsandwasveryimpressedbecausethegirlsacquiredmanyusefulskills.Theylearnedhowtocook,knit,tieknotsandgivefirstaid.Theyalsolearnedaboutthehistoryoftheflag.Moreover,theydevelopedimportantsocialskillsastheylearnedhowtoworktogether.Juliettethoughtthatgirlseverywhereshouldhavethisopportunity,soshedecidedtoorganizemoretroops.

JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland.Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.However,Juliettewasaverydeterminedwoman.Whenthewomenrefused,shewouldpretendthatshedidn'tunderstandwhattheysaid.Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.

Juliettealwayspersevereduntilshemotivatedotherstohelpherwithhergoals.OneencounterthatrequiredherpersistencehappenedwhileshewasinScotland.Shewaswalkingalongaroadonedaywhenshecametoastream.Theonlywayacrossthestreamwasbyafootlog,andJuliettewasafraidtocrossitalone.Shewaswonderingwhattodowhenshesawapeddlercomingdowntheroad.Shetoldthepeddlertogoacrossthebridgefirst,andshewouldfollowwithherhandonhisshoulder.Althoughthepeddlerstartedtoprotest,herstubborninsistenceagainpaidoff.Hereluctantlyledheracrossthefootbridge.Oncetheyweresafelyontheotherside,thepeddlerexplainedtoherthathewasblind!

WhenJuliettecamebacktoAmericaforavisit,shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms.

In1913,theGirlGuideschangeditsnametotheGirlScouts.JulietteLowcamebacktoSavannahthatsameyear.ShedecidedthatthereshouldbeGirlScouttroopsallovertheUnitedStates,sosheworkedtowardthatgoal.ThefirstnationalGirlScoutconventionwasheldinWashingtonD.C,onJune10,1915.

JuliettediedinSavannahonJanuary17,1927.Thankstoher,therearenowGirlScoutsallovertheworld.Juliette'shomeinSavannahisanationalGirlScoutcenter.

"Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.”Thissentencemeans（

）.

1.Themainideaofthispassagecanbestbestatedas

（

）.

2.“...JuliettestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsin3.Savannah.”Fromthisstatementwecanassumethat

（

）.

4.Juliettedidthingsinthisorder:

（

）.

5.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanassumethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.thewomenwereeagertohelpherstartGirlGuidestroops

B.thewomenwantedtohelp,buthadsomethingduethattheyneededtoworkon

C.thewomenwereinchargeofotherfamilies

D.thewomendidn'twanttohelpherbecausetheyweretoobusywiththeirfamilies

问题2选项

A.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,useddeterminationandpersistencetostartGirlScouttroopsallovertheworld

B.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,wasverypushyandalwaysgotwhatshewanted

C.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,traveledtomanydifferentplacesinherlifetimebutendedupbackinSavannah

D.withoutJuliette,theGirlScoutswouldstillonlyBritishphenomenon.

问题3选项

A.JuliettelikedtheuniformstheGirlGuideswore

B.otherpeoplesetuptheirowntroopsbecausetheywerejealousofJuliette

C.Juliettehelpedtostartallsixofthesetroops

D.thegirlsinthefirsttrooparguedandhadtobeseparatedintosixdifferenttroops

问题4选项

A.wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

B.watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

C.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings.

D.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

问题5选项

A.Juliettehadtoworkbecauseherhusbanddidn'tmakeenoughmoney

B.Julietteenjoyedbeingbusyandhelpingothers

C.JuliettewantedtobeaGirlGuideherself,butshewastooold

D.Juliette'shusbanddidn'tapproveofherinvolvementinthisassociation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。bereluctantto意为“不愿意，不情愿”，dueto意为“由于”。由文章第三段中的Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities...Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.（由于她不能自己做所有的工作，所以她不得不请其他妇女帮助她。有时，由于家庭责任，这些妇女不愿意花时间……结果，尽管很忙，妇女们还是帮助了她）可知A选项说法不正确，这些妇女刚开始的时候并不乐意帮助她，B选项与duetofamilyresponsibilities不符，故排除，C选项在文中没有提及，故排除，因此选D。

2.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了JulietteLow虽然耳朵听不到，但她一直为在世界各地建立女童子军坚持不懈地努力，因此选A。

3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.（她在家乡萨凡纳组建了第一支女童子军。六个月后，当她回到英国时，萨凡纳有六支女童子军）可知C选项说法不正确，Juliette只组建了一支女童子军，故排除；A选项文中没有提及，故排除；在根据后面的Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms（那时，女孩们各自制作了自己的制服）可知D选项“第一个女童子军团的女孩因争论，不得不分成六支军团”最为恰当。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetings和第三段中的JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland内容可知Juliette先是嫁给了William，然后再去的英国，在那里她对GirlGuidesAssociation产生了兴趣并仔细观察她们的会议，最后她组建了自己的女童子军，因此选D。

5.推理判断题。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵听不到，嫁给了William，就没有Juliette的其他信息，故排除A、D，C选项文章也没有提及，只能通过Juliette为建立女童子军所做的努力，推测她是一个乐于助人的人，因此选B。

2.单选题

Shesaidthatshehad（

）couragetofight（

）brutalmanbecauseshehad（

）supportfrom（

）Lord.

问题1选项

A.the....a...the.../

B./...a...the..../

C.a...a...the...the

D.the...a...the....the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠词的用法。courage是不可数名词，用the修饰;man是可数名词，且上文没有提及过，用不定冠词修饰;support指从Lord那里得到的支持，特指，用the修饰；Lord是专有名词，且独一无二，用the修饰。因此，选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

问题1选项

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项philosophy“哲学，哲理”；B选项manner“方式，习惯”；C选项personality“个性，品格”；D选项idealism“唯心主义”。句意：经历了生活中的种种艰辛，他成为了一个著名的有着明显个性的小丑。选项C符合语境。

4.单选题

Themilitaryoperation（）yesterdayweretargetedatthemilitaryinstallations.

问题1选项

A.propelled

B.commenced

C.plagued

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项propelled“推动，驱使”；B选项commenced“开始”；C选项plagued“困扰，折磨”；D选项modulated“调接，调动”。句意：昨天_____的军事行动是针对军事设施的。这里表达的意思是“昨天开始执行的军事行动”，因此B选项符合题意。

5.翻译题

1.社会需要竞争，因为它的发展基于优胜劣汰。

2.在过去的十几年里，可能没有任何其他话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注。

3.必须采取更严厉的措施来防止假冒伪劣产品充斥市场。

4.没有现代科技的运用，我们国家的工业、农业和国防现代化的实现是难以想象的。

5.我们正享受着前所未有的生产力，但这并不意味着我们有权利奢侈浪费。

【答案】1.TheSocietyneedscompetitionbecauseitsdevelopmentisbasedontheprincipalofthesurvivalofthefittest.

2.Inthelastdecadeorso,perhapsnoothertopichasreceivedmoreattentionfrommanagementresearchersthantheartofleadership.

3.Moreseveremeasuresmustbetakentopreventfakeandinferiorproductsfromfloodingintothemarket.

4.Withouttheapplicationofmodernscienceandtechnology,themodernizationofourcountry’sindustry,agricultureandnationaldefenseisbeyondimagination.

5.Weareenjoyingunprecedentedlevelsofproductivity,butthatdoesn’tmeanthatwehavetherighttobeextravagant.

6.单选题

Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.ThisistheunorthodoxviewofaGermansoilscientistwhohasshownthatburntclearingsintheAmazon,datingbackmorethan1,000years,helpedcreatepatchesofrich,fertilesoilthatfarmersstillbenefitfromtoday.

Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.Thismeanstopsoilcontainsfewoftheingredientsneededforlong-termsuccessfulfanning.

ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.Thesesoilscontainlotsoforganicmatter.Glaserhasshownthatmostofthisfertileorganicmattercomesfrom"blackcarbon"——theorganicparticlesfromcampfiresandcharred（烧成炭的）woodleftoverfromthousandsofyearsofslash-and-burnfanning.“Thesoils,knownasTerraPreta,containedupto70timesmoreblackcarbonthanthesurroundingsoil，”saysGlaser.Unbumtvegetationrotsquickly,butblackcarbonpersistsinthesoilformanycenturies.RadiocarbondatingshowsthatthecharredwoodinTerraPretasoilsistypicallymorethan1,000yearsold.

“Slash-and-burnfarmingcanbegoodforsoilsprovideditdoesn’tcompletelyburnallthevegetation,andleavesbehindcharredwood,”saysGlaser.“Itcanbebetterthanmanure（粪肥）Burningtheforestjustoncecanleavebehindenoughblackcarbontokeepthesoilfertileforthousandsofyears.Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.Contrarytotheconventionalviewthathumanactivitiesdamagetheenvironment,Glasersays:“BlackcarboncombinedwithhumanwastesisresponsiblefortherichnessofTerraPretasoils.”

TerraPretasoilsturnupinlargepatchesallovertheAmazon,wheretheyarehighlyprizedbyfanners.Allthepatchesfallwithin500squarekilometersinthecentralAmazon.Glasersaysthewidespreadpresenceofpotteryconfirmsthesoil’shumanorigins.ThefindingsaddweighttothetheorythatlargeareasoftheAmazonhaverecoveredsowellfrompastperiodsofagriculturalusethattheregrowthhasbeenmistakenbygenerationsofbiologistsfor“virgin”forest.Duringthepastdecade,researchershavediscoveredhundredsoflargeearthworksdeepinthejungle.Theyareupto20metershighandcoveruptoasquarekilometer.Glaserclaimsthattheseearthworks,builtbetweenAD400and1400,wereattheheartofurbancivilizations.NowitseemstherichnessoftheTerraPretasoilsmayexplainhowsuchcivilizationsmanagedtofeedthemselves.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatthetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarmingisthat（

）.

2.Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecause

（

）.

3.Glasermadehisdiscoveryby

（

）.

4.WhatdoesGlasersayabouttheregrowthofrain-forests?

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.itdoesnoharmtothetopsoiloftherain-forest

B.itdestroysrainforestsoils

C.ithelpsimproverain-forestsoils

D.itdiminishestheorganicmatterinrain-forestsoils

问题2选项

A.thecompositionofthetopsoilisratherunstable

B.blackcarboniswashedawaybyheavyrains

C.organicmatterisquicklylostduetoheatandrain

D.long-termfarminghasexhaustedtheingredientsessentialtoplantgrowth

问题3选项

A.studyingpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon

B.examiningpotteryleftoverbyancientcivilizations

C.test-burningpatchesoftreesinthecentralAmazon

D.radiocarbon-datingingredientscontainedinforestsoils

问题4选项

A.Theytakecenturiestoregrowafterbeingburnt.

B.Theycannotrecoverunlessthevegetationisburntcompletely.

C.Theirregrowthwillbehamperedbyhumanhabitation.

D.Theycanrecovereasilyafterslash-and-burnfarming.

问题5选项

A.humanactivitieswilldogravedamagetorain-forests

B.Amazonrain-forestsoilsusedtobetherichestintheworld

C.farmingisresponsibleforthedestructionoftheAmazonrain-forests

D.thereonceexistedanurbancivilizationintheAmazonrain-forests

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干可知，我们需要找的是“thetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarming对于刀耕火种的传统观点”，这一信息出现在文章第一段“Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.低水平的刀耕火种并不会损害雨林。相反，它有助于农民和改善森林土壤。”文中出现了onthecontrary就说明出现了观点对比，且后面补充说到“Thisistheunorthodoxview这是一种非正统的观点”因此本句就是与传统观点相悖的地方。由此推出传统观点“刀耕火种会损害雨林”。B选项“它破坏雨林土壤”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键信息“thinandpoor薄且贫瘠”定位到文章第二段第一句“Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.大多数雨林土壤都很贫瘠，因为它们缺乏矿物质，而且高温和强降雨会在土壤中的大部分有机物到达森林地面后的四年内将其破坏。”因此原因在于高温和强降雨会使土壤中有机物质迅速流失，这一点与C选项同义。

3.事实细节题。Glaser的研究结论由何而来，由题干定位到第三段第一句“ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.但是，拜罗伊特大学的土壤科学家布鲁诺•格拉泽(BrunoGlaser)研究了亚马逊中部出人意料的肥沃土壤。”说明Glaser是研究了亚马逊中部意外发现的肥沃土壤才有了上述结论，因此A选项“研究亚马逊中部的肥沃土壤”正确。

4.观点态度题。题干关键信息“theregrowthofrain-forests雨林的再生”出现在文章第四段倒数第二句“Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.雨林在小规模的清理后很容易再生。”对比四个选项发现D选项“在刀耕火种后，他们很容易恢复。”符合文意。

5.判断推理题。A选项“人类活动将对热带雨林造成严重破坏”不符合文意，本文只是论述“刀耕火种创造的肥沃土壤使亚马逊中的文明得以存在”这一观点；B选项“亚马逊雨林的土壤曾经是世界上最肥沃的”文中并未提及；C选项“农业对亚马逊雨林的破坏负有责任”不属于文章论述的主要观点；D选项“在亚马逊雨林中曾经存在着一种城市文明”出现在文章最后一段，研究者发现亚马逊雨林中存在陶器及上百座大土方，推知古代在这里存在过人类文明。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Whentheclasswasover,theywentbacktotheir（

）dormitories.

问题1选项

A.complacent

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。complacent意为“自满的，自鸣得意的”；respectable意为“得体的，值得尊敬的”；respective意为“各自的，分别的”；respectful意为“有礼貌的”。

句意：下课后，他们回到各自的宿舍去了。

8.单选题

（）inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

问题1选项

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】句意:陷入沉思后，他几乎撞到前面的那辆车了。

语法题。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知,空格处应为一个非谓语动词。“陷入沉思’’为“sb.belostinthought”，即非谓语动词省略“主语和be动词”,此处是动词lose的过去分词形式做伴随状语。答案选C。

9.单选题

（）pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.However

C.Because

D.Onaccountof

【答案】C

【解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项Although“尽管，虽然；但是，然而”；B选项however“无论如何；不管怎样；然而；可是”；C选项Because“因为，由于”；D选项Onaccountof“由于；因为；为了……的缘故”。句意：（）污染控制措施是昂贵的，许多工业犹豫采取它们。根据句意可知前半句是表示原因，但是Onaccountof不接从句，因此C选项正确。

10.填空题

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Eyefix-actionsarebrief

B.Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude

C.Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

D.Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

E.Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

F.Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

G.Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

1.（

）

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom,"Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.

2.（

）

NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.

3.（

）

Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations.Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.

4.（

）

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.

5.（

）

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues."Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer."Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

【答案】1.C

2.E

3.G

4.A

5.D

【解析】1.本段第三句说了，“canbeacomplimentarysignificantofpayingattention”，此外本段最后一句也说：眼神接触和微笑能signalavailabilityandconfidence发送可用性和自信的信号，都说明眼神接触是个友善的社交信号。因此选C。

2.本段第一句就出现了hormone荷尔蒙，此外，本段中出现的oxytocin催产素，high-functioning高功能，autisticspectrumsymptoms自闭症谱系症状等词都说明是在聊生物因素。最后一句中还有explore探索，brainscanning脑部扫描。所以选E。

3.本段第一句就说了eyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessage,dependingonthesituation眼神接触根据不同情况会发出不同的讯息。下一句主干说在不利环境中，会与dominance支配orintimidation恫吓有关联。因此G为正确答案。

4.本段第一句就提到了time，第二句清楚地说到了Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond，通常每秒三次，充分说明很快，时间很短，所以选A。

5.第一句话中就有personality。在引用中转折之后，说到“butthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer人们脑部反应不同”，最后一句话更加明确说到高负能量的人更觉得被人直视令人不舒服。因此选D。

11.单选题

Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely（）.

问题1选项

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项unjustified表示“不公正的；不必要的”，B选项unjust表示“非正义的”，C选项misguided表示“被误导的”，D选项unaccepted表示“未被接纳的；被拒绝的；不承担的”。根据句意可知，这部电影的受欢迎程度表明审核员的担心是完全没必要的。因此，A选项最符合原文句意，故本题最佳答案为A选项。

12.单选题

They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.

问题1选项

A.enclosure

B.restriction

C.blockade

D.prohibition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项enclosure“围墙，围场”；B选项restriction“限制，约束”；C选项blockade“包围，封锁”；D选项prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“经济封锁”。句意：他们解除了对该国长达两年的经济封锁。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

13.单选题

Lookatthismess!IfonlyI（

）youradvice.

问题1选项

A.follow

B.hadfollowed

C.wouldfollow

D.havefollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气语法。Ifonly引导虚拟条件句，题目是对过去的虚拟，要用“haddone”结构，句意：看看这一片混乱！但愿我之前听从了你的建议就好了。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Whilethecompanyportrayeditsactionsinthedevastatedcityaspurely______itcouldnotshakeaccusationsofselfishnessandopportunism.

问题1选项

A.acquisitive

B.penurious

C.apropos

D.altruistic

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.acquisitive渴求获取财物的，贪婪的B.penurious贫穷的，穷困的

C.apropos恰好的，恰当的D.altruistic利他的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后的句意“不能摆脱自私和机会主义的指责”可知，该公司的行为并不是像其宣称的“纯粹的利他主义”。因此，该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句子意思。

【句意】虽然该公司将其在这座被摧毁的城市的行为描述为纯粹的利他主义，但它无法摆脱自私和机会主义的指责。

15.案例题

ToyotaRecallsToyotaMotorhasalwaysbeenfanaticalaboutfrugality,andformanyyearsthatwasgoodforboththecompanyanditscustomers.ThisisaJapanesecarmakerthatroutinelyturneddowntheheatatitsemployeedormitoriesduringworkinghoursandlabeledphotocopymachineswiththecostpercopytodiscourageoveruse.Itsengineerscollaboratedwithsupplierstoextractcost-savingswithoutcompromisingquality.YetbythemiddleofthelastdecadeToyota'svirtuehadbecomeavice.

SosaycurrentandformerautoexecutiveswhoaretryingtograsphowToyota,withitsgold-platedreputationforengineeringexcellence,slippeduponsuchascale,with8millioncarsrecalledduetomechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deaths.Beforecompanyofficialsknewthatrunawayaccelerationwascausingcrashes,oneoftheseexecutivessays,asimplemanufacturingprocesswouldsometimesignitesmallfiresinacomponentasadirectresultofcomer-cutting,itwasjustoneearlysignthatthefocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar.

Thoseproductionmishapsoccurredin2006,ayearaftercompanyPresidentKatsuakiWatanabeboastedabouthavingsqueezedmorethan$10billionfromglobaloperatingcostsintheprevioussixyears—thisdespiteanimpressiverunofprofitgrowthandglobalmaricetsharegainsinthemiddleofthelastdecade.ThenToyotapushedevenharderformorecuts.ItaskedsupplierstodesignpartsforitsCamiymidsizesedanthatwere10%cheaperand10%lighter.Thecompany'stopU.S.executive,JimPress,warnedhisbossesinJapanthatvehiclequalitywasslipping,accordingtoaslidepresentationU.S.Senateinvestigatorsunearthedintheirsudden-accelerationprobe.Buthiswarninghadnoapparenteffect.

TheredesignedCamrybroughtoutin2006hadanembarrassingflawinitsheadliner,thefabricandcompositeliningthatcoverstheinsideroofofthecar.Underpressuretocutcosts,theleadCamrysupplier,Toyota-afTiliatedToyotaBoshoku,choseacarbonfibermaterialthathadn'tbeenapprovedbyToyotaengineers,accordingtoanexecutivewhoworkedontheredesign.Theheadlinerismadebycompressinglayersofmaterialstogetherusingacertainamountofheattomoldit.Inthiscase,thecarbonfiberrequiredsomuchheatthattheheadlinerwouldcatchfire.

Toyotafixedthatproblem,butwhenaNorthAmericanpartssupplierinterestedinworkingwiththeautomakerdidateardownofa2007Camry,itsengineersweresurprisedbyhowmuchthetraditionalToyotacraftsmanshiphadbeenwatereddownbyyearsofnipsandtucks.Thepaddingintheceilingofthecar,thoughcompliantwithsafetyregulations,hadbeenthinnedouttosavemoney.Atrayforsunglassesusedaflimsiertypeofplasticthanpreviousmodels.“Itwasabare-bonescaratthatpoint,”saysoneexecutivewhodeclinedtobeidentifiedforfearofharmingbusinesstieswithToyota.

Toyotainsistsitsfocusoncosthasn'thurtconsumers.“It’snottruethatbyreducingcostyouautomaticallyreducequality,"saidJimWiseman,Toyota’svice-presidentforNorthAmericancorporatecommunications.“Everyautomakerhastostaycompetitiverelativetoprice.”

True,butprobablynotwiththeintensityToyotabroughttocost-cuttingandrapidexpansionunderthreesuccessivepresidents:HiroshiOkuda(1995-1999),FujiCho(1999-2005),andWatanabe(2005to2009).Toyotaexecutiveswillspendyearsmoppingupaftertheirmess.

Atlastcount,thecompanyfaced109classactionsand32individualcasesfiledincourtsintheU.S.andCanada.(Inawell-publicizedincidentonMar.8,theownerofa2008PriuslostcontrolofhiscaronaCaliforniainterstatehighwayandhadtoberescuedbypolice.)

WhatarethecausesforToyota’sglobalrecalls?Identifyboththedirectanddeepercauses.(8points)

Thiscaseillustratedtheproblemsofthegoalattainmentviewoforganizationaleffectiveness.Defineorganizationaleffectivenessanddiscussthelimitationsofthegoalattainmentview.(10points)

WhatdoyouthinkanorganizationcanlearnfromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness?(8points)

【答案】ThedirectcausesaremechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deathsandthedeepercausesarethatToyotaMotor’sfocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar,sothatthequalityofitsvehicleslipped.

Organizationaleffectivenessistheconceptofhoweffectiveanorganizationisinachievingtheoutcomestheorganizationintendstoproduce,andthelimitationofgoalattainmentviewisthatwesometimessetsomegoalswhicharebeyondourcurrentcapacity.

FromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness,anorganizationcanlearnthatweshouldnotsetanygoalwhichisbeyondourcurrentcapacityorsacrificesomething,suchasthequalityofvehiclementionedinthispassage,toattainsomeunpracticalgoals,otherwise,therewillbeseriousconsequences.

16.单选题

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

问题1选项

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。soared“飘升”；mutated“变化；突变”；plummeted“骤降”；fluctuated“波动”，根据lowestlevel“最低水平”可知此处应该填plummeted。句意：根据最近的报告，消费者信任度上个月惊人的……15个点，达到九年中最低值。故正确答案为选项C。

17.单选题

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.