考研考博-英语-内蒙古体育职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古体育职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.填空题

Onenight,standingoutonthedeck,Ifeltdestroyedbymyburden.Iwasabout$50,000indebt.Mypublisherandmyagentwereatmeconstantly,toaskwhenIwouldfinishthisendlessbook.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dtoask改为asking

【解析】【考查点】非谓语动词。

【解题思路】D部分是句子的非谓语动词，ask和此句的主语Mypublisherandmyagent是主动关系，所以用现在分词asking。

【句意】一天晚上，我站在甲板上，觉得不堪重负。我当时欠了5万美元。我的出版商和经纪人不断地问我，什么时候能写完这本永无终止的书。

2.翻译题

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”，and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjuries---likelytothethumbs---inlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像许多富裕国家居民的腰围一样，如今手机的尺寸也在逐渐增大，一些手机用户在费尽心思想把它们塞进自己的兜里。

在经历了多年来从砖头般的庞然大物向小巧口袋设备的演变后，如今手机又踏上了回头路。

有的科技评论家当时曾讥讽这款巨型手机“傻傻的”、“专为巨人设计”。

但巨型手机的销量却实现了激增，其他手机生产商也纷纷跟风推出了越来越大的、科技专家开始称之为“平板手机”的产品---手机和平板电脑的跨界组合。

人类工程学的一些专家担心巨型手机可能会带来损伤的风险。由于触控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我们可能会开始看到越来越多由大型触屏电子设备引发的严重累积性-创伤失调，例如对拇指的损害。

3.单选题

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

问题1选项

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。supportfrom“来自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“来自主要议员的支持”；atkeymoment“在关键时刻”，因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Wishestoknowtheunknown,controltheuncontrollableandbringordertochaosarebasicallyhuman______.

问题1选项

A.attitudes

B.attributes

C.assets

D.effects

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项attitude“态度”，B项attribute“属性，特质”，C项asset“资产，优点”，D项effect“影响，效果”。根据句子内容“希望了解未知的事物，控制不可控的事物，给混乱带来秩序，这基本上是人类的……”可知，空格处填入B项最符合语境。句意：希望了解未知的事物，控制不可控的事物，给混乱带来秩序，这是人类的基本属性。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.填空题

Toooftenwebelievewhataccountsforothers’successissomespecialsecretoraluckybreak.Butrarelysuccessissomysterious.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dsuccessis改为issuccess

【解析】【考查点】倒装。

【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为successissomysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为issuccess。

【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。但成功很少如此神秘。

6.单选题

Iwas（）bytheirkindnessandmovedtotears.

问题1选项

A.preoccupied

B.embarrassed

C.overwhelmed

D.counseled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。preoccupied“全神贯注的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；overwhelmed“被压倒的，被淹没的，使非常激动”；counseled“建议，劝告”。句意：他们的好意使我感动地流下了眼泪。C项符合题意。

7.单选题

Look,weareinsuchanawfulsituation.I’dratheryou（）thedatafromtheInternetyesterday.

问题1选项

A.hadn’tdownloaded

B.didn’tdownload

C.weren’tdownloading

D.haven’tdownloaded

【答案】A

【解析】虚拟语气。wouldrather（宁愿）+宾语从句，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had+过去分词，故本题的正确答案是A选项。

8.单选题

Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision

问题1选项

A.resume

B.presume

C.assume

D.consume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。

9.单选题

Fallingintoanervous,feverishdozesoonhereafter,hefoundhimselfdreamingofa______blackdogthatwastryingtobitehim.

问题1选项

A.profound

B.merciful

C.prospective

D.savage

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项profound“深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的”；B选项merciful“仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的”；C选项prospective“未来的；预期的”；D选项savage“野蛮的；残酷的；狂怒的；荒凉的”。句意：此后不久，他陷入紧张、发烧的睡梦中，梦见一只野蛮的黑狗正试图咬他。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Ihave（）fortheirforgivenessonthiscase.

问题1选项

A.invaded

B.provoked

C.invoked

D.devaluated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项invade“侵略，侵袭”；B选项provoke“激怒，煽动”；C选项invoke“祈求，调用，引起”；D选项devaluate“使……贬值”。句意：我恳求他们宽恕这件事。因此C项符合句意。

11.单选题

Thelightistoo（）formetoread.Icannotstandanymore.

问题1选项

A.rid

B.ripe

C.soup

D.dim

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rid“得到解脱的”；B选项ripe“熟的，成熟的”；C选项soup“使振作;打扮”；D选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”。句意：光线太昏暗我没法看书。我再也受不了了。根据后半句句意“我再也受不了了”可知，D符合题意。

12.单选题

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

问题1选项

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这些滑雪者宁可坐火车穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.宁愿、宁可、最好…。

13.单选题

Inmyopinion,youcanwidenthe（

）oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.

问题1选项

A.dimension

B.volume

C.magnitude

D.scope

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。dimension尺寸；volume体积；magnitude大小；scope范围。句意：在我看来，你可以通过积极参与来扩大这些改进的范围。选项D更符合语境。

14.单选题

Insurancecompaniesprovideaservicetothecommunitybyprotectingitagainstexpectedandunexpecteddisasters.Beforeaninsurancecompanywillagreetoinsureanything,itcollectsaccuratefiguresabouttherisk.Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.Thisenablesittoquote（报价）lowfiguresfortravelinsurance.Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.

Anordinaryhouseholdermaywishtoprotecthishomeagainstfireorhispropertyagainstburglary.Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.Ifitinsuresashopandthenreceivesasuspiciousclaim,itwillinvestigatetheclaimasameansofprotectingitselfagainstfalseclaims.Itisnotunknownforabusinessmanindebttoburndownhisownpremises（房产）sothathecanclaimmuchmoneyfromhisinsurancecompany.Hecanbesurethatthefirewillbeinvestigatedmostcarefully.Insurancecompaniesalsoacceptinsuranceagainstshipwreckordisasterintheair.Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.

Everyweekinsurancecompaniesreceivepremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.Thesepaymentscanformaverylargetotalrunningintomillionsofdollars.Thecompanydoesnotleavethemoneyinthebank.Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Theword“quote”（Line3,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatifaccidentswillhappenninetimesoutoftenormore,theinsurancecompanywill（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifanairplanehasanaccident-freerecord,itusuallypaystotheinsurancecompany（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwilltheinsurancecompanyNOTprovideinsuranceservicefor?

6.Howdoinsurancecompaniesmakeprofit?

7.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）.

问题1选项

A.Apassengerbyairwilltakelessriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

B.Apassengerbyairwilltakegreaterriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

C.Apassengerbyairwillhavetopaymoretotheinsurancecompanythanamountainclimber.

D.Amotoristshouldpaythehighestpricetotheinsurancecompany.

问题2选项

A.receive

B.accept

C.take

D.offer

问题3选项

A.giveamuchhigherprice

B.quotethehighestprice

C.notprovideinsuranceservice

D.chargealowerpremium

问题4选项

A.alargepremium

B.lesspremium

C.nopremium

D.thesamepremiumastheothercompanies

问题5选项

A.Mountaineers.

B.Ordinaryhouseholders.

C.Airlineswithanaccidentfreerecord.

D.Shopkeeperswithsuspiciousstatisticalrecords.

问题6选项

A.Byreceivingpremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.

B.Bychargingcommissiontocustomers.

C.Byinvestinginsomeindustriesandproducts.

D.Byprovidingservices.

问题7选项

A.thattheinsurancecompanyisgreedyofprofit

B.thattheinsurancecompanymakeslargesumofmoneyeveryweek

C.thattheinsurancecompanymakesagreatprofitbyinvestingitsmoneyindifferentitem

D.toshowtheinsurancecompanymakesuseofitsincomeandthereasonwhyitshoulddoso

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A：一名空中乘客被杀害的风险小于横穿交通繁忙的马路的行人。B：乘飞机的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面临更大的死亡风险。第一段指出：Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.（例如，它知道一个人在飞机事故中丧生的风险要小于他穿过一条繁忙的马路所冒的风险）。因此A项正确，B项错误。C：一名空中乘客必须比一名爬山者向保险公司支付更高的保费。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering（有时候，风险可能很高，就像在赛车或登山运动中的风险）。由此可知，赛车或登山运动中的风险比前面提到的空中遇难要高，C项错误。D：赛车手应该向保险公司支付最高的保费。文章并未提及此项。因此本题选A。

2.【试题解析】词义题。对于“quote”的理解可参考此句：Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（通常，保险公司会检查它的统计数据并给出保险费的……如果情况可疑，它可能会拒绝报价）。由此可知，“quote”表示“开价，报价”，故选D。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.（有时风险可能很高，比如赛车或登山。然后公司会收取更高的价格。如果太多登山者发生事故，价格就会进一步上涨。如果大多数登山者从山上摔下来，公司将拒绝为他们投保）。由此可知，如果事故发生率为十分之九或更高，保险公司将拒保，故选C项“不提供保险服务”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段最后一句指出：Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.（飞机和船舶非常昂贵，所以保费也很高，但是如果受保公司没有事故记录，保险公司将减少保费）。由此可知，如果航空公司没有事故记录，它通常会向保险公司支付较低的保费，因此B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（店主可能希望投保防盗险。一般情况下，公司会对统计数据进行核对，然后追加报价。如有可疑情况，公司可能会拒绝报价）。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段指出：Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.（它投资于房地产、股票、农场，甚至古董绘画和邮票。它的目的是获得最好的投资回报。这并不像看起来那么贪婪，因为这是一种方法，使保险公司能够降低保费为投保对象提供服务的同时继续盈利）。由此可知，C项“通过投资一些行业和产品”正确。

7.【试题解析】主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲的是保险公司如何利用收取的保费进行投资、降低保费继续盈利进而造福社会，因此D项“说明保险公司利用其收入和为什么这么做的原因”比较符合最后一段大意。

15.单选题

Theappearanceoftheusedcaris（）,it’smuchnewerthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.descriptive

B.indicative

C.deceptive

D.impressive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项descriptive“描述的，叙述的”；B选项indicative“指示的，预示的”；C选项deceptive“欺骗性的”；D选项impressive“令人印象深刻的”，句意：这辆旧车的外观具有迷惑性，轿车比实际的样子新得多，所以选C。

16.单选题

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

Foreachofthefollowingquestionsorunfinishedstatements,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

1.Researchcompletedin1982foundthatintheUnitedStatessoilerosion（）.

2.Bythemid-1980s,farmersinDenmark（）.

3.WhichoneofthefollowingincreasedinNewZealandafter1984?

4.Thewriterreferstosomerichcountriesasbeing“lessenlightenedthanNewZealand”because（）.

5.ThewriterbelievethattheUruguayRoundagreementsontradewill（）.

问题1选项

A.educedtheproductivityoffarmlandby20percent

B.wasalmostassevereasinIndiaandChina

C.wascausingsignificantdamageto20percentoffarmland

D.couldbereducedbyconvertingcultivatedlandtomeadoworforest

问题2选项

A.used50percentlessfertilizerthanDutchfarmers

B.usedtwiceasmuchfertilizerastheyhadin1960

C.appliedfertilizermuchmorefrequentlythanin1960

D.morethandoubledtheamountofpesticidetheyusedinjust3years

问题3选项

A.farmincomes

B.useoffertilizer

C.over-stocking

D.farmdiversification

问题4选项

A.theydisapproveofpayingfarmersfornotcultivatingtheland

B.theirnewfuelcropsareasharmfulastheonestheyhavereplaced

C.theirpoliciesdonotrecognizethelong-termbenefitofendingsubsidies

D.theyhavenotencouragedtheirfarmerstofollowenvironmentallyfriendlypractices

问题5选项

A.encouragemoresustainablefarmingpracticesinthelongrun

B.domoreharmthangoodtotheinternationalenvironment

C.increasepressuretocultivatelandintherichcountries

D.bemorebeneficialtorichthantopoorcountries

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据SectionC，“TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.”，1982年的调查发现，美国大约五分之一的农田表层土壤正在流失，可能会降低土壤的生产力。可判断出1982的调查发现美国的土壤侵蚀对五分之一（20%）农田造成了破坏。选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据SectionD,“FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark”，在1960年至1985年期间，丹麦化肥使用量翻了一番，荷兰化肥使用量增加了150%。杀虫剂的使用量也增加了：1975年至1984年，丹麦的杀虫剂使用量增加了69%。可判断出20世纪80年代中期，丹麦的农民对化肥的使用量增加了。选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据SectionD,“thatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984…Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.”，新西兰在1984年取消了大部分农业补贴，取消补贴控制了土地的过度开荒和过度放牧，这在过去是土壤侵蚀的主要原因。农场开始多样化。可判断出新西兰在1984年后，农业开始呈现多样化的特点。选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据SectionD部分第三段，“Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.”，在不那么开明的国家和欧盟，趋势是减少而不是取消补贴，并引入新的补贴，以鼓励农民以更环保的方式对待他们的土地，或者让土地休耕。可推断出在一些不那么开明的国家并没有取消农业补贴，只是减少了补贴。根据下文，“Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.”，农民种植的农作物残余生产出来的能源很少能与化石燃料竞争，除非得到补贴，而且种植这些农作物对环境的危害不亚于其他作物。可判断出减少补贴而不取消补贴并不能带来收益和好处，这些国家没有看到取消补贴的长期好处。选项C符合题意。

5.作者观点态度。根据SectionF,“Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.”，它也会产生许多令人满意的环境影响。可判断出表述“domoreharmthangoodtotheinternationalenvironment”对国际环境弊大于利是错误的，选项B可排除。根据下文，“Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.”，发达国家的农业生产密度应该会下降，肥料的使用也会减少。可判断出表述“increasepressuretocultivatelandintherichcountries”增加富裕国家土地耕作的压力是错误的。选项C可排除。而文章并没有将乌拉圭回合协议对富裕国家和贫穷国家的影响进行对比，表述“bemorebeneficialtorichthantopoorcountries”对富国比对穷国更有利是错误的。选项D可排除。运用排除法，可判断出选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

Casesinvolvingyoungpeopleunder18areheardinspeciallyconstitutedchildrencourts.

问题1选项

A.junior

B.youth

C.infantile

D.juvenile

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项junior“年轻人（是一个相对的概念，比……年轻/低一等级）”；B选项youth“青年，青春（一般指10岁到20岁多一点的男青年）”；C选项infantile“婴儿的”；D选项juvenile“青少年的，幼稚的（是法律用语）”。句意：涉及18岁以下青少年的案件由专门设立的儿童法庭审理。由于原句是涉及到法庭案件，并且儿童是年纪稍小的，因此D选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Themantowhomwehandedtheformspointedoutthattheyhadnotbeen（）filledin.

问题1选项

A.consequently

B.regular

C.comprehensively

D.properly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A:consequently“因此”；B:regular“常规的”；C:comprehensively“包括地”；D:properly“恰当地；合适地”。句意：我们把表格交给那人，那人指出表格填得不合适。因此D符合题意。

19.单选题

Althoughthereareoccasionaloutbreaksofgunfire,wecanreportthattherebellionhasinthemainbeen（）.

问题1选项

A.canceled

B.destroyed

C.suppressed

D.restrained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:虽然偶尔会爆发枪声，但我们可以报道，叛乱基本上已被镇压。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。cancel取消;删去；destroy破坏;消灭;毁坏;suppress抑制；镇压；restrain抑制；约束。该动词的主语是therebellion(这场叛乱)，因此C项符合句意。

20.单选题

Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudents,inmywaytoworkthesemornings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartofthesummerlandscape.Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.Noraretheyrichenoughforcamp.Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.Oncesupervisedbyteachersandprincipals,theynowappeartobein"selfcare".

Passingthemislikepassingthroughatimezone.Formuchofourhistory,afterall,Americansarrangedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily.In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasifourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.Now,three-quartersofthemothersofschool-agechildrenwork,butthecalendariswrittenasiftheywerehomewaitingfortheschoolbus.

Thesix-hourday,the180-dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingholy.Butwhenparentsworkaneight-hourdayanda240-dayyear,somethingdifferent.Itmeansthatmanykidsgohometoemptyhouses.Itmeansthat,inthesummer,theyhangout.

“Wehaveahugemismatchbetweentheschoolcalendarandrealitiesoffamilylife.”saysDr.ErnestBoyer,headoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching.

Dr.Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethataradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable.“School,whetherwelikeitornot,iseducational.Italwayshasbeen.”

Hisisnotpopularidea.Schoolsareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloursocialproblems.Cantheybeaskedtomeettheneedsofourworkandfamilylives?

Inmaybeeasiertopromotealongerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand,indeed,theeducationalcaseiscompelling.Despitethecomplaintsandstudiesaboutourkids'lackoflearning,theUnitedStatestillhasashorterschoolyearthananyindustrialnation.InmostofEurope,theschoolyearis220days.InJapan,itis240dayslong.Whileclassroomtimealonedoesn'tproduceawell-educatedchild,learningtakestimeandmorelearningtakesmoretime.Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll.

Theoppositiontoalongerschoolyearcomesfromfamiliesthatwanttoandcanprovideotherexperiencesfortheirchildren.Itcomesfromteachers.Itcomesfromtradition.Andsurelyfromkids.Butthemostimportantpartoftheconflicthasbeenoverthemoney.

1.Whichofthefollowingisanopinionoftheauthor's?

2.ThecurrentAmericanschoolcalendarwasdevelopedinthe19thcenturyaccordingto（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatthecurrentschoolcalendar

（

）.

4.WhywasDr.Boyer'sideaunpopular?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassage