考研考博-英语-北京印刷学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京印刷学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.

问题1选项

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。A选项reinforces,pronouncements“加强，加固；强化；补充”，“声明；宣告；公告；判决”；B选项advances,aphorisms“提出；预付；使……前进；将……提前；前进；进展；上涨”，“格言；警句”；C选项belies,platitudes“掩饰；与……不符；使失望；证明……虚假错误”，“陈词滥调；平凡；陈腐”；D选项undermines,judgments

“破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基”，“判断；裁判；判决书；辨别力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文学批评掩盖了她犀利评论的名声；尽管书名引人入胜，书皮上也有溢美之词，但这本书不过是陈词滥调的集合。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbuthedenied（）intheareaonthenightofthefire.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.havingbeen

D.be

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。Denydoingsth.“否认做过某事”。句意：警察指控他在大厦纵火，但是他否认他在场当火灾发生时。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Perhapsyoudidn’tquiteunderstandthemovieandthenleftbeforefinishingit.（）thecase,Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.

问题1选项

A.Ifthisbe

B.Thisshouldbe

C.Shouldthisbe

D.Isthis

【答案】A

【解析】考查条件状语从句。由Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.句意：我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。由关键词may可知空格后的thecase这种情况并不是虚拟的，而是一个真实条件句，故不用倒装，而条件句一般是用if引导。因此答案选A，相当于省略了should，即Ifthis(should)be。整个句意为：也许你并不十分理解这部电影，没结束就提前离开了。如果真的如此，我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese

Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan’texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Youareboundtovacillateattimes.Thekeyistobesatisfiedwithgradualimprovement,expectingandacceptingtheoccasionalslipsthatcomewithanychange.Andevenafteryouarehandlingthesedecisionsinafirmerandmoreconfidentmanner,youcan’texpectyourchildrentorespondimmediately.Forawhilethey’llkeeponapplyingtheoldpressuresthatusedtoworksowell.Butthey’lleventuallycometorespectyourdecisionsoncetheylearnthatnaggingandarguingnolongerwork.Intheend,bothyouandyourchildrenwillbehappierforit.

Thetrendsarequicklyacceleratingforasimplereason:Informationispower,andtechnologydemocratizesanduniversalizestheavailabilityofinformation.Hence,organizationswillnolongerbeabletosubsidizeprocessesandjobsthatglorifyhierarchicalcontrolbutturnoffthespigotonknowledge-flow.FuturistGeorgeGilderdescribesaworldwheretheeconomyisbasedonsand,glassandair.Sandisthesiliconusedtomakemicrochips,thebuildingblocksofcomputing—andthatbuildingblockisgrowingexponentially.Theperformanceofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months.

【答案】一旦你翻开新的一页，你就不能指望马上完全改变。有时你肯定会犹豫不决。关键是要满足于渐进的改进，预料并接受任何变化带来的偶然失误。即使在你以更加坚定和自信的方式处理这些决定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子会立即做出反应。在一段时间内，他们将继续施加过去行之有效的旧压力。但一旦他们知道唠叨和争论不再有效，他们最终会尊重你的决定。最后，你和你的孩子都会因此而更快乐。

这种趋势正在迅速加速，原因很简单：信息就是力量，而技术使信息变得民主化和普遍化。因此，组织将不再能够资助那些美化等级特权并阻止信息交流的工作体系了。未来学家乔治•吉尔德描述了一个以沙子、玻璃和空气为基础的经济世界。沙子是用来制造微芯片的硅，芯片（计算机世界的建筑材料）正以指数级的速度增长。微芯片的性能每18个月翻一番。

5.单选题

Thecriminalalwayspaid（

）cashsothepolicecouldnottrackhimdown.

问题1选项

A.on

B.by

C.for

D.in

【答案】D

【解析】句意:罪犯通常用现金支付，这样警察就没法逮捕到他。

固定搭配。payincash为固定用法,表示“用现金支付”。

6.单选题

Excuseme,butdon’tyouthinkthatit’sratheroddtogivesuchanelaboratewelcomespeechandthenturnaroundandtreatadelegatewithagoodquestionasifhewereanuisance?

问题1选项

A.Excuseme,but

B.thinkthatit’sratherodd

C.thenturnaroundandtreat

D.asifhewereanuisance?

E.没有问题

【答案】E

7.单选题

Anewkindofradarhasbeendevelopedforspace-agetravelers.Aworkinglaboratory

modelofanewsystemofradarthatmakesuseofabeamoflightissaidtobetenthousandtimesmoreaccuratethanthebestcomparablesystemofradarthatusesmicrowaves.

Themodelhasshownthatradarsystemcanmeasurewithabsoluteprecisionspeedsvaryingfromspaceshiporbitalinjectionvelocitiesoflivemilesperseconddowntovirtualstops-speedsoflessthanoneten-thousandthofaninchpersecond.Accordingtothescientistswhoaredevelopingthissystem,suchfinemeasuresofvelocityareofprimeimportanceinspacemissions.Inarendezvous（宇宙飞回合点）betweentwospaceships,orinalandingapproachbyavehicleontoanorbitingspacestation,abumpcouldrip（划破）openaship’sskin,oranudgecouldknockthestationoutofitsorbit.

Thelight-beamradar,whichoperatesatafrequencyoftrillions（万亿）ofcyclespersecond,couldeasilydetectandmeasurethemovementofavehicleedginguptoasatellitespacestationevenatasmallfractionofaninchpersecond.Acontrolsystemsusingsopreciseasignalasthisallowahugevehicletodockataspacestationaslightlyasafeather.

1.Thisradarsystemissignificantbecauseit（

）.

2.Light-beamradarhasprovedcapableofmeasuringspeedsthat（

）.

3.Precisioninmeasuringslowspeedswillhelpspacepilotsto（

）.

4.Thisradarwillbeespeciallyvaluableinspacebecause（

）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthisselectionwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.isthefirstradarsystemtoworkinspace

B.ismoreprecisethanmicrowaveradar

C.iseasiertooperatethanmicrowaveradar

D.willworkontheearth’ssurfaceaswellasinspace

问题2选项

A.arevirtuallynegligible

B.cannotbedetectedvisually

C.areofextremelyhighvelocity

D.alloftheabove

问题3选项

A.attainorbital

B.makerendezvousinspace

C.landatspacestations

D.bothBandC

问题4选项

A.accuratemeasurementsareessentialinspace

B.thespeedsofspacevehicleswillvarygreatly

C.inaccuraciesinmeasurementcouldcauseaccidentsinspace

D.allofabove

问题5选项

A.RadarfortheSpaceage

B.Rendezvousinspace

C.TheFunctionofRadar

D.ProblemsinSpaceNavigation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段tenthousandtimesmoreaccuratethanthebestcomparablesystemofradarthatusesmicrowaves提到了这个系统比之前的要更加准确，所以选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第一句Themodelhasshownthatradarsystemcanmeasurewithabsoluteprecisionspeedsvaryingfromspaceshiporbitalinjectionvelocitiesoflivemilesperseconddowntovirtualstops-speedsoflessthanoneten-thousandthofaninchpersecond提到这种雷达能够测量从太空飞船每秒5英里的发射速度到实际静止的每秒小于万分之一英寸的速度，可知这种雷达在肉眼看不到，无法看到，且速度极快，前面三个选项都包含了，所以选项D符合题意。

3.文章第二段后半段inarendezvous（宇宙飞回合点）betweentwospaceships,orinalandingapproachbyavehicleontoanorbitingspacestation,abumpcouldrip（划破）openaship’sskin,oranudgecouldknockthestationoutofitsorbit提到新的雷达系统的准确性对于两艘宇宙飞船之间的宇宙飞回合点还有空间站是非常重要的，选项D符合题意。

4.文章第二段提到激光雷达精确的速度测量对太空飞行至关重要。即使一个轻微的触碰都可能划破飞船外壳，或者是空间站脱离既定的轨道。由此可知选项D符合题意，前面三个选项都包含在内。

5.文章主要讲述的是一种新的雷达技术被开发出来运用至太空飞行中。选项A“太空时代的雷达”符合题意。

8.单选题

Without________theirdifferences,thecouplefoughtaboutthehouseworkagain.

问题1选项

A.rulingout

B.figuringout

C.ironingout

D.lettingout

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.rulingout不考虑，排除B.figuringout想出，弄明白

C.ironingout解决，消除D.lettingout放出，发出

【考查点】动词词组辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“theirdifferences（他们之间的分歧）”构成动宾逻辑，without在句中作伴随状语，表示他们之间的分歧没有怎么样。由后半句句意“又（again）为家务问题争吵起来（foughtabout）”可知，这对夫妇在为家务争吵之前本来就存在着分歧，而且原本的分歧并没有解决。ironout指解决问题或困难，因此C选项ironingout“解决，消除”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项rulingout“不考虑，排除”指在仔细考虑或研究后不再考虑某事物的可能性，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

B选项figuringout“想出，弄明白”指通过思考理解某事物或找到解决办法，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

D选项lettingout“放出，发出”指发出声音等，不能和“differences（分歧）”进行搭配。

【句意】这对夫妇没有消除他们之间的分歧，又为家务问题争吵起来。

9.单选题

Pleasedropinwheneveryoucan.I’dliketokeep______touch.

问题1选项

A.in

B.on

C.to

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有空请随时来坐坐。我想保持联系。keepintouch是固定搭配，意为“保持联系”。其他三项不能进行搭配。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant______ofAmericanlife.

问题1选项

A.fashions

B.frontiers

C.facets

D.formats

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fashions“时尚；时装；样式；方式；时髦人物”；B选项frontiers“前沿；边界；国境”；C选项facets“面；方面；小平面”；D选项formats“格式；版式；开本”。句意：这本书大致介绍了这些根本的信仰和价值观对美国人生活各个重要层面的影响。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Thedestructionofthesetreasuresarealossformankindthatnoamountofmoneycould（）.

问题1选项

A.standupto

B.makeupfor

C.comeupwith

D.putupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupto“经得起，抵抗，勇敢地面对”；B选项makeupfor“补偿，弥补”；C选项comeupwith“提出，想出，赶上”；D选项putupwith“忍受，容忍”。句意：损害这些宝物对是人类的损失，是再多的金钱也无法弥补的。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

12.单选题

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

问题1选项

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。initiate“开始，创造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共谋，协力”；negotiate“谈判，交涉”。句意：政府决定对毒品致死人数的增加进行调查。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans—theorganicenvironmentisbornanddiesandisrebornendlessly,beautifully,andcompletelywithoutmoralconstraintorethicalcontrol.Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.Itisnotacity.

Humanbeingsmadeandmakecities,andonlyhumanbeingskillcities,orletthemdie.Andhumanbeingsdoboth—makecitiesandunmakethem—bythesamemeans:byactsofchoice.Weenjoydeludingourselvesinthisasinotherthings.Weenjoybelievingthatthereareforcesouttherecompletelydeterminingourfate,naturalforces—orforcessostrongandoverwhelmingastobelikenaturalforces—thatsendcitiesthroughorganicorbiologicalphasesofbirth,growth,anddecay.Weavoidtheknowledgethatcitiesareatbestworksofart,andatworstungainlyartifacts—butneverflowersorevenweeds—andthatwe,notsomemysteriousforceorcosmicbiologicalsystem,controlthecreationandlifeofacity.

Wecontrolthecreationandlifeofacitybythechoicesandagreementswemake—thebasicchoicebeing,forinstance,nottolivealone,thebasicagreementbeingtolivetogether.Whenpeoplechoosetosettle,likethestarts,notwanderlikethemoon,theycreatecitiesassitesandsymbolsoftheirchoicetostopandtheiragreementnottoseparate.Nowstasisandproximity,notmovementdistance,definehumanrelationships.Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.

Acityisnotanextendedfamily.Thatisatribeorclan.Acityisacollectionofdisparatefamilieswhoagreetofunction:Theyagreetoliveasiftheywereascloseinbloodortiesofkinshipastheyareinphysicalproximity.Choosinglifeinanartifact,peopleagreetoliveinastateofsimilitude.Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.Ifafamilyisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughbiology,acityisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughwillandimagination—throughmentalchoicesmakingartifice,notthroughphysicalreproduction.

21.Theauthor’spurposeisprimarilyto______.

22.Theauthorcitesthesentence“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”(Paragraph1)as______.

23.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsquotedin“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”inParagraph1is______.

24.Accordingtothispassage,whyisananthillbydefinitionunlikeacity?

25.Mutualdefense,controlofwaterways,andshelterfromtheforcesofnaturearepresentedprimarilyanexampleofmotivesforpeopleto______.

问题1选项

A.identifythesourcesofpopulardiscontentwithcities

B.definethecityasgrowingoutofasocialcontract

C.illustratethedifferencebetweencitiesandvillages

D.comparecitieswithbloodfamilies

问题2选项

A.anexampleofonetypeoffigurativelanguages

B.asimplestatementofscientificfact

C.amomentarydigressionfromhiscentralthesis

D.aparadoxwithironicimplications

问题3选项

A.respectful

B.ambivalent

C.skeptical

D.approving

问题4选项

A.Itcanbecasuallydestroyedbyhumanbeings.

B.Itsinhabitantsoutnumbertheinhabitantsofeventhelargestcity.

C.Itisaworkofinstinctratherthanofimagination.

D.Itexistsonafarsmallerscalethananycitydoes.

问题5选项

A.moveawayfromtheirenemies

B.gathertogetherinsettlements

C.welcomehelpfromtheirkinfolk

D.redefinetheirfamilyrelationships

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者的主要目的是……”。定位文章第一句Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.（当我们从过去和现在的时代、从最初到今天来思考城市时，我们必须永远记住，城市是人工制品）可知，文章开头先指出城市是人造艺术品，随后两段描述了人类是如何通过选择和约定控制城市的创造和生活，最后总结城市是一个有着契约的地方，定位文章倒数第二句Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.（城市是一个有着重大契约的城市），所以这篇文章的作者的主要目的是定义城市为社会契约中成长起来的地方，B项“将城市定义为在社会契约中成长起来的城市”正确。A项“找出民众对城市不满的根源”，文中没有提到人类对城市的不满，该项属于无中生有。C项“说明城市和乡村之间的差异”也是无中生有，原文并未比较这两个的差异。D项“比较城市与血亲家庭”曲解原文，原文只是用血亲家庭来描述城市的特点。因此，该题选择B项。

22.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用了‘社区是城市有机体的重要细胞’，作为……”。定位到第一段第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(…“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”)…—areartificial.（尽管我们从生物学或自然角度对其进行比喻：社区是城市有机体的重要细胞，但是，城市还是人造的），句子中提到了metaphor，作者从生物学角度引用比喻来描述城市，所以A项“一种比喻性语言的一个例子”正确。B项“科学事实的简单陈述”和C项“中心论点暂时的离题”属于无中生有，这并不是一个科学事实，也没有离题。D项“一个具有讽刺意味的悖论”属于曲解原文，文中并没有提到悖论。因此，该题选择A项。

23.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用‘当工业逃离时，城市就会消亡；社区是城市有机体的重要细胞’时，陈述的态度是……”。定位到第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.（但是城市是人造的，尽管我们从生物学或自然角度对其进行比喻：当工业逃离时，城市就会消亡；社区是城市有机体的重要细胞；或者尽管我们用感伤的或拟人化的手段来描述城市）可知，尽管从生物学或自然学角度来比喻，或者用拟人化的手段来描述城市，试图让城市和自然联系在一起，但是城市依旧是人造的，这是一种矛盾的想法，所以B项“矛盾的”符合题意。A项“有礼貌的”、C项“持怀疑态度的”和D项“赞成的”都不正确，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择B项。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，为什么蚁丘的定义不同于城市？”。根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.（大自然从未创造过城市，而大自然创造的城市可能看起来像一座城市，比如一座蚁丘，但它只是看起来像一座城市）可知，蚁丘虽然看起来是个城市，但其实并不是城市；结合第一段第一句提到的wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts（我们必须永远记住城市是人工制品），可以推断蚁丘和城市的区别在于一个是自然的本能，一个是人工创造，C项“这是本能的工作，而不是想象力”符合题意。A项“它可以被人类随意摧毁”，城市也只有人类才能毁灭，该项曲解原文。B项“它的居民数量甚至超过最大城市的居民”和D项“它的规模比任何城市都小得多”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择C项。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“共同防御，控制水道，躲避自然的力量，这些都是人们……的主要动机”。定位到倒数第二段最后一句Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.（共同防御、控制河流或港口、躲避自然力量，所有这些和其他原因可能导致人们聚集，但一旦聚集，他们的生活方式就不同了，也变得不同了）可知，人们做这些事情的原因是聚集在一起，其中提到了两个词，aggregate和congregated，相当于gathertogether，所以B项“聚集在定居点”正确。A项“远离他们的敌人”和C项“欢迎亲戚的帮助”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位最后一段第一句Acityisnotanextendedfamily.（一个城市不是一个大家庭）可知，城市并不是一个大家庭，所以人们做这些事情并不是为了重新定义家庭关系，D项“重新定义他们的家庭关系”为反向干扰。因此，该题选择B项。

14.翻译题

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反击结核病的战争中,几种有前景的药物开发策略正在出现。结核病如今每年仍在夺去将近两百万人的生命,其中大多发生在发展中国家。随着结核分枝杆菌进化成可以耐受抗结核药物,而患者感到很难接受现有的药物治疗框架,科学家正在寻找新药和好的诊断方法。一些有前景的药物正在进行早期临床试验,这可能缩短结核病治疗时间,但是他们面临的情况不利,因为只有不到10%的进入早期临床试验阶段的抗生素获得了批准。但研究人员发现,研究基因、蛋白质和代谢的领域提供了破解关于这种细菌及其与人类相互作用的空前详细的新信息的潜力。

Passage2

对于Web2.0来讲,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起来不累,配合流畅的文字内容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0网站的排版布局（难度）可说是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重点突出,易读,易用。空白能让重要信息凸显,让眼睛得以休息,并给予一种安定和秩序的感觉。宽松的行间距也让视线易于跟随文本流动。一些Web2.0网站的布局简单到令人感到无聊的地步,但若设计上出色的话,一个四平八稳的页面也能成为绝顶的美味大餐。友好、活泼的行文方式会使作者与访问者建立更多良好的关系。

Passage3

项目管理队伍必须注意不能将质量与等级混淆。质量低常成为一个问题,但等级低则不是。确定和传达所需的质量及等级水平是项目经理和项目管理队伍的责任。另外,执行组织主动采取质量改进不仅能提高项目管理的质量,也可提高项目产品质量。但是,项目管理队伍必须清楚知道一个重要的区别一项目的临时性意味着对产品质量改进的投资,特别是缺陷的预防和评估,必须由执行组织承担,因为项目可能不会持续到获得回报的时候。

15.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

问题2选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

问题3选项

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

问题5选项

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。A:心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在展开研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理学家把这个问题看成是挫折或笑话),原文表达的意思跟A项不一样。B:大脑区别显示出一个性别优于另外一个性别。第一段说:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他们指出尽管有区别，但并不能说明谁优谁劣),与B项不一致。D:两性大脑结构的区别早已为人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(这是第一次发现男性和女性大脑的结构差异…),因此D项排除。所以本题选C。

2.细节题。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我们倾向于认为正是社会的影响造成了这些差异),故选D。

3.细节题。第五段说:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基础上，要解释男女技能的实际差异并不是那么容易)。由此可见,“这些区别”指的是两性技能。

4.推断题。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我们暂时还不知道，部分原因是我们不知道学校受试者的能力和大脑两半的功能之间有什么精确的关系，我们也不知道两半是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.间接地提出对于corpuscallos的影响应多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意题。A项(概述关于大脑结构的研究结果)比较能概括文章目的。

16.问答题

Themanagerhasaskedmetoconsiderthisproposalcarefully,(consideration)

【答案】Themanagerhasaskedmetotakethisproposalintoconsiderationcarefully.

17.单选题

Therateof______intheUSremainsundercountedduetotheofficialformulasusedtocalculatethenumberofthoselivinginindigence.

问题1选项

A.rapacity

B.veracity

C.altruism

D.impoverishment

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.rapacity掠夺，贪婪B.veracity真实，准确

C.altruism利他主义D.impoverishment贫困，贫穷

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词indigence“贫困”可知Therateof______是指“贫困率”，因此该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】由于官方数据过去只统计了过着贫困生活人口的数字，所以美国的贫困率仍然被低估了。

18.单选题

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

问题1选项

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：据说这篇报道所依据的消息来源可靠。根据谓语动词was确定事情已经发生，根据bebasedon确定保留be动词，确定用被动语态。结合besaidto加完语态被动式表示动作已发生并且是被动语态，所以B选项havebeenbased正确。

19.单选题

Theplanewasfatallycrippledwhentherearcargodoorwas（

）inflight.

问题1选项

A.jammed

B.opened

C.pulledoff

D.crumpledup

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“堵塞”；B选项“打开”；C选项“脱下，扯下，努力实现”；D选项“打垮，揉皱”。句意：这架飞机的后货舱门在飞行中（）时，飞机严重损坏了。这里根据逻辑飞机在飞行途中，后货舱门出现某种故障，导致整个飞机损坏。这里答案选C，被扯下。

20.单选题

Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionmenareinthe（）.

问题1选项

A.minority

B.majority

C.shortage

D.substitute

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大多数护士是女性，但在医疗行业中，男性占多数。

考查名词辨析。minority少数民族；少数派:majority多数；成年;shortage缺乏；缺少；不足；substitute代用品；代替者。后半句用了转折连词but，因此B项符合句意。

21.单选题

FlatswerealmostunknowninBritainuntilthe1850swhentheyweredeveloped,alongwithotherindustrialdwellings,forthelaboringclasses.Thesevastblockswereplainlya（1）meansof（2）socialconsciencebyhousinglargenumbersoftheever-presentpooron（3）citysites.Duringthe1880s,however,theideaoflivingincomfortableresidentialchamberscaughtonwiththe（4）upperanduppermiddle-classes,and（5）astotheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofflatlifewasatopicofconversation（6）manya（7）dinnertable.InParisandothermajorEuropeancities,thecustomwherebythebetter-offlivedinapartments,orflats,waswell（8）.Uptothelate19thcenturyinEnglandonlybachelorbarristershadestablishedthe（9）oflivinginroomsneartheLawCourt:anyself-respectingheadofhouseholdwouldinsist（10）aWestEndtownhouseashisLondonhome,thebestthathis（11）couldprovide.

The（12）offlatsforthebetter-offseemstohavedevelopedforanumberofreasons.First,perhaps,throughthe（13）oftherailways,whichhadenabledawide（14）ofpeopletoenjoyaholidaystayinginasuiteatoneoftheluxuryhotelswhichhadbeguntospringupduringthepreviousdecade.（15）,nodoubt,thefactthatmanyoftheearlyluxuryflatsweresimilar（16）hotelsuites,evenbeingprovidedwith（17）diningroomsandcentralboilersforhotwaterandheating.Rentstendedtobehightocoveroverheads,butsavingsweremade（18）bythesecommunalamenitiesand（19）tenantsbeingableto（20）thenumberoffamilyservants.

问题1选项

A