考研考博-英语-兰州理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto（

）themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.adapt

C.regulate

D.coordinate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配adaptoneselfto“使自己适应于……”，suitto“合适于，相称”；没有搭配regulateto和coordinateto，可排除C和D选项。句意：新来的人发现他们不可能使自己充分适应新国家的气候，而永久定居。因此选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Acompletelynewsituationwill_______whenthenewexaminationsystemcomesintoexistence.

问题1选项

A.rise

B.raise

C.arise

D.arouse

【答案】C

【解析】句意：当新的考试制度出现时,将会出现一个全新的局面。rise提高,上升;raise筹集,养育;arise出现,上升;arouse引起,唤起。只有选项C有出现,产生的意思。所以本题选C。

3.单选题

InthepopularWesternimagination,Indiacontinuestobeacountryinbackwardnessandpovertywithverylittletoshow______scientificinnovationortechnologicalachievement.

问题1选项

A.forwantof

B.ingratitudeto

C.incontactwith

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项forwantof“因缺乏”；B选项ingratitudeto“对……感激”；C选项incontactwith“接触，联系”；D选项bywayof“通过，经由”。句意：在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一个落后和贫穷的国家，没有什么可展示的，______科技创新或技术成就。西方人认为印度因为在科技上没有什么创新和成就，所以没什么可拿出来看的，横线处和withverylittletoshow属于因果关系，A选项forwantof“因缺乏”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs..It’sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople―that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto,you’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta（）attitudetowardstheircountry.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（）.

问题1选项

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

问题2选项

A.Fondnessofforeignculture.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

问题3选项

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

问题4选项

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeoples

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

问题5选项

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文首段“DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.”，中文翻译为：尽管丹麦有着明显的优点，但是丹麦人却从不谈及自己身为丹麦人有多么自豪。因此B选项“谦虚的”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词Danishcharacteristic可定位到文章第二段Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”，中文翻译为：正如俗语所说，它（即丹麦）是一个‘很少人拥有太多且更少的人拥有太少’的国土，对应B选项“社会平等”。第二段中“thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit”，中文翻译为：没有一个丹麦的学院去反对它（英语），对应C选项“语言的容忍”。以及第二段“It’sanationoftirelessplanners.”中文翻译为：它是一个有着不知疲倦的规划者的国家。对应D选项“持续的规划”。因此A项符合题意。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“...brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark…”，中文翻译为：水沟中打碎的啤酒瓶，倒在公园里的喝醉的青少年。可知答案为D项“怀疑的”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词Danishorderliness可以定位到文章第四段“Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.”，中文翻译为：有序是一个主要的卖点。因此C项“在经济上对这个国家被认为是至关重要的”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。A项“丹麦人清楚地被告知自己的社会福利”可定位到文章倒数第一段“Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone.”，中文翻译为：福利系统的制度对每个人都是显然的。B选项“丹麦人将被给予自己的东西当成理所当然”对应文章最后一段中“Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship.”，中文翻译为：某些东西由于你是公民而是你的。C选项“公开的系统有助于这个国家度过困难时期”对应最后一段“…toweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.”，中文翻译为：在没有危机感的情况下去经受住失业和社会动荡。因此可知答案为D“有序缓解了失业”。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

在所有的节日中，春节对于我们中国人来说是最重要的。

阴历年到来的前几天，我们便把房子打扫得干干净净并装饰一新。老人们说必须干干净净过春节，这样来年才会幸福，交好运。

除夕全家欢聚一堂共进晚餐，春节庆祝活动便以此作为开始。人们不论离家多远，都总是想方设法及时赶回家去分享这顿持续几个小时的丰盛晚餐。

【答案】Ofallthefestivals,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantforourChinesepeople.

SeveraldaysbeforetheLunarNewYear,wehaveourhousesweptanddecorated.TheeldersaythatcleannessmustbethenecessityfortheSpringFestivalandwewillbehappyandhaveagoodluckinthecomingyearbykeepingcleanness.

OnNewYear'sEve,allfamilymembersmerrilygathertogethertohaveafamilyreuniondinner,fromwhichtheactivitiesofcelebratingtheSpringFestivalstart.Nomatterhowfarawayfromhometown,peoplealwaysmanagetogetbackhomeintimeforsharingthisbigdinnerwhichoftenlastsforseveralhours.

6.单选题

Thatterriblenoiseis（）memad.

问题1选项

A.driving

B.setting

C.putting

D.turning

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配题。drivesb.

使某人...。句意：那可怕的噪音快把我逼疯了。

7.单选题

（）,thebookhasmanymistakes.

问题1选项

A.Havingnotbeenwrittencarefully

B.Notwritingcarefully

C.Havingwrittennotcarefully

D.Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在完成时的否定使用。非谓语动词的否定式通常是就在非谓语动词之前加not或never，由此可以排除A，C选项。句意：这本书写得不细心，有很多错误。在发现有很多错误的时候书已经完成了，所以需要使用完成时态，而书本的编撰是由人完成的，需要使用被动语态。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

You’llhavetochangeyour（

）oflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

问题1选项

A.form

B.mold

C.mood

D.mode

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。form意为“形状，形式”；mold意为“模型，压模”；mood意为“心情”；mode意为“方式，风格，样式”。由changeyour____oflife（改变你的生活____）可知D选项最符合逻辑，modeoflife表示“生活方式”。

句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必须改变你的生活方式。

9.单选题

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon’tbeabletosee.

问题1选项

A.discern

B.distort

C.distract

D.dazzle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近义异词解析。discern“辨别，看清楚”;distort“扭曲，曲解”；distract“转移，分心”；dazzle“使……目眩，使……眼花”。句子的意思为：戴上太阳眼镜，否则阳光很刺眼，会让你看不见任何东西。选项D符合题意

10.单选题

Hefinallyagreedtosigntheagreementwithus,butwithsome（）.

问题1选项

A.recurrence

B.rejection

C.reluctance

D.refutation

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。recurrence循环，重现rejection拒绝，抑制；reluctance勉强，不情愿；refutation反驳，驳斥。句意：他最终同意与我们签订协议，但有些不情愿。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Theheavysnow_________travel,sohehadtostayhereformoredays.

问题1选项

A.impeached

B.impelled

C.impeded

D.imparted

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。impeached“归咎，弹劾”；impelled“推进，促使”；impeded“阻碍”；imparted“给予，传授，告知”。句意：大雪阻碍了旅行，所以他必须在这儿多待几天。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theword"daunting"inthethirdparagraphmeans（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

问题1选项

A.Employmentbecamewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment

问题2选项

A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.

C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.

D.Developmentofmodernmeansoftransportation.

问题3选项

A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructed

C.inpre-industrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomen

D.someofthechangesinworkpatternsthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed

问题4选项

A.shocking

B.interesting

C.confusing

D.stimulating

问题5选项

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A项“就业在17和18世纪变得广泛。”，B项“失业仍将是工业化国家的一个主要问题。”，C项“工业时代可能即将结束。”，这三个选项均为文章中所阐述的一个细节，而非主旨；D项“应该做出一些努力、提供一些资源，帮助更多的人处理失业问题”，文章最后一段提到“Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.现在当然是时候把一些努力和资源从为所有人创造就业机会的理想目标上转移到帮助许多没有全职工作的人也能生活的紧急实用任务上来”可推断D项符合题意，故选D。

2.事实细节题。A项“十七和十八世纪的圈地”，文章第四段第一句有提到，B项“工厂的发展”，D项“现代交通工具的发展”，文章第四段第二、三句有提到这两个选项；C项“妇女家务活减少”在原文中没有提及，故选C项。

3.事实细节题。A项“大多数接受调查的人认为，失业问题可能不会在短时间内得到解决”，文章第一段提到“Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.“民意调查现在开始显示，不管是谁，不管从现在开始发生什么，高失业率可能会继续存在。”可推断A项正确。B项“许多农民在修建新铁路和工厂时失去了土地”，文章第四段第一句提到“很多人在17至18世纪的圈地运动时失去土地”，故B不正确；C项“在前工业化时期，家务和社区服务主要由妇女进行”，文章倒数第三段第二句提到“Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.在前工业化时期，男人和女人分担家庭和农村公社的生产工作”可推断“mainlycarriedoutbywomen”与原文不符；D项“工业时代带来的工作模式的一些变化已经逆转”，文章第三段提到“Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.工业时代现在可能即将结束，它所带来的一些工作模式的变化不得不被倒过来”可推断D项中“havebeenreversed已经被倒过来”不正确，故选A。

4.词汇题。A项“可怕的”；B项“有趣的”；C项“令人困惑的”；D项“刺激的”。文章第三段提到“Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.工业时代现在可能即将结束，它所带来的一些工作模式的变化不得不被倒过来”可推断“Thisseemsadauntingthought.这似乎是一个…想法”daunting为“这种想法是令人害怕或生畏的”最符合题意，故选A。

5.事实细节题。A项“创造为自己工作的条件”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?我们难道不应该创造条件让我们中的很多人为自己工作而不是为雇主吗？”可知A项有被建议。C项“努力恢复以家庭和邻里为生产中心的模式”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?我们难道不应该把家庭、社区、工厂和办公室作为生产和工作的中心来振兴吗？”可知C项有被建议；D项“鼓励人们在正常工作条件以外的情况下工作”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?我们难道不应该支持很多方式让有自尊心的人去工作吗？”可知D项有被建议；B项“视就业为常态”，文章第二段中“Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?我们应该继续将就业当成惯例？”从作者的语气中可推断“将就业当成常态”没有被建议，故选B。

13.单选题

Themeetingwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atintervals

D.atrandom

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这个会议是如此拖延,让人筋疲力尽，以至演讲者时不时停下来喘口气。

考查短语辨析。Atlarge详尽的，逍遥法外的，未被捕的，整个的；atease安逸，自由自在；atintervals不时地，相隔一定距离（或时间）地;atrandom随便地，任意地。因此C符合句意。

14.单选题

Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen______comfortably.

问题1选项

A.wearing

B.areworn

C.isworn

D.wears

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这种眼镜由经验丰富的工匠制作，戴起来很舒服。Thiskindofglasses是句子主语，manufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen是修饰主语的定语，横线部分是谓语动词，comfortably是状语。根据主语是第三人称单数确定wears符合题意。A选项wearing是非谓语动词；B选项areworn和C选项isworn是被动语态，这里不用被动语态。因此D选项正确。

15.翻译题

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(10%)

InterestinbasketballintheUnitedStatespeaksaroundthreebigchampionshipeventsinthespring:thecollegechampionshipsformenandwomeninlateMarchorearlyAprilandtheprofessionalplayoffsthatclimaxinJune.Butthat’sonlyorganizedbasketball.Informally,thegamehasbeenlearnedbygenerationsofAmericanyouthsoncityplaygroundsandschoolyards,onlonelybasketsputupinbackyardsofruralhomesandonthedrivewaybasketballcourtsofcountlesssuburbanhomes.

【答案】美国人对篮球的兴趣在春季三大锦标赛期间达到顶峰。这包括三月底或四月初举行的大学男篮锦标赛和大学女篮锦标赛，以及在六月份进入决赛高潮的职业篮球赛。上面说的只是有组织的正式比赛。在市内的运动场和学校的操场上，在农舍后院的简易篮球筐下，或是在无数市郊住宅的自家车道上划出的篮球场上,一代代的美国青少年在学习打篮球。

16.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsonthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowinginNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman

问题2选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

问题3选项

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

问题4选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.WhichofthefollowinginNOTcorrect?1.下列哪项不正确？

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.A.作家不习惯讨价还价。

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.B.亚洲人买东西总是讲价。

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.C.在老挝，讨价还价是安静而和平的。

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.D.作家准备和那女人讨价还价。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第五段最后三句“我决定买一条这样的裙子，就开始和她讲价。讨价还价是亚洲的习惯。在老挝，讨价还价是用柔和的声音和轻松的动作进行的，是一种平静和平和的气氛。”，可知，作者决定和卖家进行讨价还价，而A项“作家不习惯讨价还价”不符合原文，文中也并未提及作者不习惯讲价，所以该项错误，但符合题意。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“亚洲人买东西总是讲价”，C项“在老挝，讨价还价是安静而和平的”和D项“作家准备和那女人讨价还价”根据解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman______.2.作者认为，这名女子接受最后一个报价的主要原因是______。

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonableA.认为最后的报价是合理的

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoneyB.以为她还能赚很多钱

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargainingC.很高兴作者知道她们讨价还价的方式

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymoreD.厌倦了和作者讨价还价

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第六段第四句“她太高兴了，以至于出乎意料地接受了我最后的报价”，结合前面两句“我能用她的语言说几句话，她很高兴，尽管这些话大多是数字，她还看出我懂得讨价还价时那种温柔的戏谑。我们对价格意见不一而摇摇头；然后，我们立即又提出了另一个报价，然后又摇了摇头。”，综合理解可推断，这个女人感到高兴是因为作者知道怎么用他们国家的方式进行讨价还价，故C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“认为最后的报价是合理的”和B项“以为她还能赚很多钱”，根据第六段第七句“她太慷慨了，赚不到足够的钱”可知，这两项是可以排除的，属于反向干扰；

D项“厌倦了和作者讨价还价”，第六段提到这个女人很高兴，所以不可能是厌倦，该项反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?3.为什么作者最后决定买三条裙子？

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.A.这些裙子既便宜又漂亮。

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.B.她喜欢裙子上的图案。

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.C.她想做点什么作为补偿。

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.D.她厌倦了和那个女人讨价还价。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第六段中的“价格太低了。她太慷慨了，赚不到足够的钱。我赶紧又拿起两条裙子，按规定的价格把三件都付了。”，从中可知，作者觉得价格太低，怕女人挣不到钱，所以多买了几件作为一种补偿。选项C符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“这些裙子既便宜又漂亮”，文中没有提到裙子很便宜，属于无中生有；

B项“她喜欢裙子上的图案”，这是作者决定买第一条裙子的原因，该项张冠李戴；

D项“她厌倦了和那个女人讨价还价”没有体现，无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?4.为什么当作者再次看她的裙子时，她最后哭了？

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.A.她突然感到很难过。

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.B.她很喜欢这些发带。

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.C.她非常感动。

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.D.她为那个女人感到难过。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句“对慷慨的精神是无法抵挡的，这次我哭了……”，以及倒数第二段提到作者惊奇地发现女人送了五条发带给她，结合文章第四段，作者跟女人说女人的发带很好看，综合理解可知，作者哭是因为感动。C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“她突然感到很难过”和D项“她为那个女人感到难过”根据解题思路可知，该两项曲解原文；

B项“她很喜欢这些发带”并不是作者哭的原因，张冠李戴。

17.单选题

Scientistshavelongunderstoodthatsupermassiveblackholesweighingmillionsorbillionsofsunscantearapartstarsthatcometooclose.Theblackhole'sgravitypullsharderonthenearestpartofthestar,animbalancethatpullsthestarapartoveraperiodofminutesorhours,onceitgetscloseenough.

Scientistssaythisunevenpullingisnottheonlyhazardfacingthestar.Thestrainoftheseunbalancedforcescanalsotriggeranuclearexplosionpowerfulenoughtodestroythestarfromwithin.MatthieuBrassartandJean-PierreLuminetoftheObservatoiredeParisinMeudon,France,carriedoutcomputersimulationsofthefinalmomentsofsuchanunfortunatestar'slife,asitveeredtowardsasupermassiveblackhole.

Whenthestargetscloseenough,theunevenforcesflattenitintoapancakeshape.Somepreviousstudieshadsuggestedthisflatteningwouldincreasethedensityandtemperatureinsidethestarenoughtotriggerintensenuclearreactionsthatwouldtearitapart.Butotherstudieshadsuggestedthatthepicturewouldbecomplicatedbyshockwavesgeneratedduringtheflatteningprocessandthatnonuclearexplosionshouldoccur.

Thenewsimulationsinvestigatedtheeffectsofshockwavesindetail,andfoundthatevenwhentheireffectsareincluded,theconditionsfavoranuclearexplosion."Therewillbeanexplosionofthestar—itwillbecompletelydestroyed,"Brassartsays.Althoughtheexplosionobliteratesthestar,itsavessomeofthestar'smatterfrombeingdevouredbytheblackhole.Theexplosionispowerfulenoughtohurlmuchofthestar'smatteroutoftheblackhole'sreach,hesays.

Thedevouringofstarsbyblackholesmayalreadyhavebeenobserved,althoughatamuchlaterstage.Itisthoughtthatseveralmonthsaftertheeventthatripsthestarapart,itsmatterstartsswirlingintotheholeitself.Itheatsupasitdoesso,releasingultravioletlightandX-rays.

Ifstarsdisruptednearblackholesreallydoexplode,thentheycouldinprincipleallowtheseeventstobedetectedatamuchearlierstage,saysJulesHatpernofColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,US."Itmaymakeitpossibletoseethedisruptionofthatstarimmediatelyifitgetshotenough,"hesays.

Brassartagrees."PerhapsitcanbeobservedintheX-raysandgammarays,butit'ssomethingthatneedstobemorestudiedhesays.SupernovaresearcherChrisFryeroftheLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryinLosAlamos,NewMexico,US,saysthedeathsofthesestarsaredifficult