考研考博-英语-北京戏曲艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京戏曲艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

China’slong-runningcampaigntotightenmonetarypolicymayhavealittlemorelifeinitwitheconomistsexpectingthePeople’sBankofChinawillraiseinterestratesatleastonemoretimethisyear,asurveyofeconomistsbyDowJonesNewswiresshowedWednesday.

SixoutofteneconomistspolledsaidtheyexpectedChina’scentralbankwilllikelyraisethebenchmarklendinganddepositratesbyafurther0.25percentagepointeachthisyeartocombathighinflation.Theotherfourforecasterspredictedbetweenoneandtwohikesthroughtheendoftheyear.

ThePeople’sBankofChinaisalsolikelytoraisebanks’reserverequirementratioby50basispointsnextmonth,continuingitspatternofraisingtheratioonceamonthsofarthisyear,accordingtothesurvey.Buteconomistsexpectthepaceofsuchincreasestoslowlaterintheyear.“Withinflationstayingrelativelyhigh,theauthoritiesareunlikelytorelaxpolicytighteningintheshortterm,”ChinaInternationalCapitalCorporationLtd,economistPengWensheng(彭文生)said.

ThelatestinflationdatashowedthatChina’sconsumerpriceindexrose5.3%fromayearearlierinApril,downslightlyfromMarch’s5.4%risebutstillwellabovetheofficialfull-yeartargetofaround4%.ManyeconomistsexpectinflationtopeakinJune.

【答案】道琼斯通讯社周三对经济学家进行的一项调查显示，中国长期的货币紧缩政策可能会稍微放宽一点，同吋也有经济学家希望中国银行今年至少再提高一次利率。

十分之六的经济学家投票支持中国中央银行在今年将基准利率和存款利率分别再提高0.25个百分点，以应对高通货膨胀率。其他四个预报员预计在今年年底还会有一到两次的提高。

调查表明，中国银行将会延续其今年一个月提髙一次比率的态势，在下个月可能将银行存款准备进率提高50个基本点。但经济学家希望今年这种提高的幅度能够减缓。中国国际金融有限公司的经济学家彭文生表示，“在通胀率维持在较高水平的情况下，当局不大可能在短期内放宽紧缩政策”。

最新的通货膨胀数据显示，中国的消费者物价指数从去年四月份开始提髙了5.3个百分点，相比三月份的5.4个百分点有所下降，但仍远高于官方大约4个百分点的全年目标。许多经济学家预计通货膨胀率将在6月份达到峰值。

2.单选题

Thiswillmakeartgroupsmoredirectlyandeffectively（）toaudiences,andmoreresponsivetotheircriticismsandwishes.

问题1选项

A.available

B.accountable

C.subjected

D.submitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项available“可获得的”；B选项accountable“有责任的，可解释的”；C选项subjected“使遭受”；D选项submitted“递交，主张”。句意“这将使艺术团体更直接和有效地与观众接触，并对他们的批评和愿望作出更积极的回应。”选项A符合语境。

3.单选题

Thetownwas（

）afterfiftyyears.

问题1选项

A.exclusive

B.subsequent

C.invariable

D.resolute

【答案】C

【解析】exclusive独有的，排外的；subsequent后来的，随后的；invariable不变的；resolute坚决的，果断的。句意：五十年后，这个城镇还是老样子。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

FrancisFordCoppola,whoconceived,co-authored,and（）GodfatherII,isoneofAmerica’smosttalentedfilmmakers.

问题1选项

A.directorof

B.directed

C.hedirected

D.directing

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。通读题干和选项，根据and前conceived,co-authored可知and后应当填入与之词性相近的词。句意：弗朗西斯•福特•科波拉（FrancisFordCoppola）是美国最有才华的电影制作人之一，他构想、合作……创作了《教父2》（GodfatherII）。结合句意，B选项“指导”符合题意，因此答案为B选项。

5.单选题

Itisreportedthathemeanstoexchangeintoanotherregiment,（）forthepurposeofseparatinghimselffromme.

问题1选项

A.avowingly

B.avowing

C.avowed

D.avowedly

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。avowing“承认，公开宣称”；avowed“公开宣布的”；avowedly“公然地”。空格应该用副词来修饰整个句子。句意：据报道他打算调到另一个政权，目的是公然地和我划清界限。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Yourkindnessingiving（

）totheconsiderationoftheaboveproblemwillbehighly

appreciated.

问题1选项

A.priority

B.advantage

C.importance

D.authority

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。priority意为“优先，优先权”；advantage意为“优势”；importance意为“重要性，重大”；authority意为“权威”。句意：如果您会优先考虑上述问题，我们将深表感谢。

7.单选题

Nobodybelieveshemadesuchafoolishmistake.Peoplesayheisvery______.

问题1选项

A.experience

B.career

C.accurate

D.actual

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；阅历”；B选项career“职业生涯”；C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”；D选项actual“实际的；（强调事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：没有人相信他犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。因为人们认为他非常______。根据语境，这里指的是在别人眼中，他做事不会行差踏错，C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”符合题意，指的是他非常可靠。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Hisconsciousnessoftheurgencyofthesituationencouragedhimtohurry.

问题1选项

A.identification

B.recognition

C.comprehension

D.awareness

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项recognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项comprehension“理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

问题1选项

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。Unbiased公正的,无偏见的;manipulated熟练控制的；distorted扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed传达的，传输的。句中“qualifiedsourcesofinformation”应该指合格的信息,故A项unbiased“公正不偏不倚的”符合逻辑。

10.单选题

Weshallneverbeableto（）ourselvestrulyunlessweareworkingforthewelfareofourfellows.

问题1选项

A.realize

B.spot

C.accomplish

D.fulfill

【答案】D

【解析】近义词辨析。realize着重指把过去的计划或意愿变成现实;spot为动词时指的是"沾上污渍";accomplish是正式用词,强调一个过程的完成,也可指依靠努力达到一定目的,或取得一定的结果;fulfill强调梦寐以求,强调满足。句意：除非我们为他人的福利而工作,否则我们永远不可能真正实现自我。选项D更恰当。

11.单选题

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen'se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit"open-sourceintelligence",andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasits.merelyoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying（covering-nationsfromChiletoRussiA.tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.M.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,we'llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,"saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe'llhearbackfromsomeofthem."Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That'swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagencieschancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.ThetextmentionsDonovan'sstoryto（）.

3.Themostprobablemeaningof"makingthebiggestsplash"（Line1,Paragraph3）is（）.

4.Paragraph4suggeststhat（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

问题1选项

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

问题2选项

A.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.introducethetopicofonlinespying

问题3选项

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

问题4选项

A.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitford'spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

问题5选项

A.officialstatus

B.efficientstaff

C.nonconformistimage

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段最后一句“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.”可知，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多诺万的职业。而有上文可知，多诺万早前从事的是情报工作，所以网络的出现重塑了情报工作。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。

2.推理判断题。文章的开始通过介绍多诺万的故事引入了话题“网络的出现重塑了情报工作”。之后又介绍了网络对于信息搜集和分享的影响，由此可以判断作者提到多诺万的故事就是为了引入话题。故本题正确答案为D选项“引入网上间谍的话题”。

3.词汇题。通过上下文语境以及句意可知，这家公司在情报分析领域名声大噪，取得了巨大成功。因此C选项含义与“makingthebiggestsplash”含义最为接近，都表示取得了很大成功，因此本题正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。由原文第四段可知，网络是一种信息收集和发布相互强化的工具。公司可以从世界的角落收集数据，而在发布相关报告后，又会有人予以回复，反馈最新情况，所以由此可知，网络的存在使得Straiford公司能够提供可靠有可信度的信息。因此本文正确答案为A选项。

5.细节事实题。由原文最后一句“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”可知，斯特雷福德为自己的独立声音感到自豪。说明斯特雷福德公司敢于发声，不落俗套，从不墨守成规。因此本题正确答案为C选项。

12.单选题

Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow,butatfirstIthoughtthathe（）today.

问题1选项

A.wascoming

B.iscoming

C.willcome

D.come

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词时态辨析。题干中的第一个分句用的是现在将来时态，第二个分句的主句用的是一般过去时态，宾语从句中应该使用表示过去将来的时态。根据语法规则，某些动词（如come，arrive，leave等）的进行时态可以表示将来。句意：我父亲明天会来，但起初我以为他今天会来。因此，根据题意和语法规则，A选项正确。

13.单选题

Alllivingorganismsconstantlyabsorbcarbon14______theirexistence.

问题1选项

A.out

B.about

C.around

D.throughout

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词辨析。A项out“向外”，B项about“大约，关于”，C项around“围绕”，D项throughout“自始至终，遍及”。句意：所有生物在其生存过程中都会不断地吸收碳14。因此D项正确。

14.单选题

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

问题1选项

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项intermsof“在……方面，就……而言”；B选项infavorof“赞成”；C选项inspiteof“不管，尽管”；D选项inplaceof“取代，代替”。句意：这个目标是用庄稼，野草甚至是动物排泄物来（）为绝大多数美国人生产活动提供动力的石油。人们使用庄稼等有机物很明显是为了取代石油这种化学物来充当燃料的，所以答案选D。

15.单选题

Thegreatflames（）throughthedarkness.

问题1选项

A.glared

B.shone

C.shot

D.flared

【答案】D

【解析】glare怒视，瞪眼；shine闪耀，多指光照，光线等；shoot射击；flare闪耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中闪耀。所以选项D正确。

16.单选题

FarmlandinpartsofJapanisnolongersafebecauseofhighlevelsofradiationinthesoil,scientistshavewarned,asthecountrystrugglestorecoverfromtheFukushimaatomicdisaster.Ateamofinternationalresearcherssaidfoodproductionwouldlikelybe"severelyimpaired"bytheelevatedlevelsofcaesium（放射性铯）foundinsoilsamplesacrosseasternFukushimainthewakeofmeltdownsatthetsunami-hitplant.Thestudysuggestsfarminginneighboringareasmayalsosufferbecauseofradiation,althoughlevelsdiscoveredtherewerewithinlegallimits."Fukushimaareaasawholeishighlypolluted,*'especiallytothenorthwestofthenuclearpowerplant,theresearcherssaid.Thestudylookedatcaesium-137,whichhasahalf-lifeof30yearsandthereforeaffectstheenvironmentfordecades.

Thelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoilwherericeisgrownofthesumofcaesium-134andcaesium-137,whicharealwaysproducedtogether,is5,000becquerelsperkilograminJapan.‘TheeastFukushimaareaexceededthislimitandsomeneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"thestudysaid."EstimatedandobservedpollutioninthewesternpartsofJapanwerenotasserious,eventhoughsomeareaswerelikelyaffectedtosomeextent,"itadded.

"Concentrationintheseareasarebelow25becquerelsperkilogram,whichisfarbelowthethresholdforfarming.However,westronglyrecommendeachareatoquicklycarryoutsomesupplementarysoilsamplingsatcitylevelstovalidateourestimates."

Thestudysaid‘foodproductionineasternFukushimaareaislikelyseverelyimpairedbythecaesium-137loadsofmorethan2,500becquerelsperkilogram’.

ThestudywasledbyTeppeiYasunarioftheUniversitiesSpaceResearchAssociationintheUSstateofMaryland.Heandhisteamuseddailyobservationsin.eachJapaneseareaandcomputer-simulatedparticledispersion,modelsbasedonweatherpatterns.

JapanhasbeenonalertfortheimpactofradiationsinceanearthquakeandresultingtsunamistruckthenortheastofthecountryonMarch11,damagingtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant.Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.

ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrect?

2.Fukushimaatomicdisaster’sdirectcauseis（

）.

3.Theradiationdidn’tgointo

（

）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichattitudedoestheJapanesehave?

问题1选项

A.Japanesefarmlandisnolongersafebecauseoftheneighboringfarmlandishighlypolluted.

B.Theconcentrationsinsoilofthesumofcaesium.-134andcaesium-137cannotexceed5,000becquerelsperkilogram.

C.Miyagi,TochigiandIbarakiareasexceedthelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoil.

D.Japaneseconsumersfromaffectedregionsdon’tworryaboutthepotentialhealtheffectsofthefoodatall.

问题2选项

A.thefallingoftheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant

B.thehurricane

C.thefoodproductionis“severelyimpaired’

D.notmentioned

问题3选项

A.theocean

B.theair

C.thecoolingsystem

D.thefoodchain

问题4选项

A.Angry.

B.Worried.

C.Scared.

D.Unconcerned.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.A选项表达太绝对，排除，C选项根据第二段‘someneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"确定是’接近于‘不是’超过‘所以排除，D选项根据最后一段’ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.来自受影响地区的一些农产品已被停止发货，即便是那些不受官方控制的农产品，也没有得到日本消费者的青睐，他们担心这些农产品可能对健康造成影响。确定与原文不符，排除，所以B选项正确。

2.文章第一段提到Fukushimaatomicdisaster，但是全文并没有提及原因，所以D选项符合题意。

3.根据文章倒数第二段最后一句‘Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.破坏的福岛核电站反应堆冷却系统是把线下和被派往崩溃,导致辐射泄漏,进入空气,海洋和食物链。可知ABD选项正确，C选项没有提及，选择C。

4.通过阅读全文以及最后一段，可以知道日本人对这个问题是担心的，所以B选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人们可能没办法生存：既不知道何为欢喜和快乐，也不知道何为焦虑和恐惧，他们可能重复做出伤害性的行为，就像重复有益的行为一样。”由此可知如果人们生存在一个没有情感的世界里，因为对于自身行为的性质没办法区别，所以会导致自己很难生存。故正确答案选B。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他们不会学习：他们不能从经验中受益，因为这个无情感的世界缺乏奖励和惩罚”，由此可知，没有情感的世界，对于人们的学习活动不存在激励，没有奖励和惩罚的机制。反之，人们能够进行学习活动主要也是因为奖励和惩罚机制的存在。故正确答案选C。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段结尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社会经济的基础将被摧毁，既然挣100万美元不会比挣10美元更让人愉快，工作就会失去动力……正如我们看到的，激励意味着享受它们的能力。”根据题干中关键词foundation可以对应定位到上文“underpinnings基础，支柱”，由此可知社会经济的基础是建立在人们享受激励的能力上的。故正确答案选C。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在这样一个世界里，人类生存下来的可能性几乎为零，因为情感是我们生存和适应的基本工具。情绪以重要的方式为我们构建世界。”然后就举例具体阐述了情绪是如何具体影响我们的生存和适应身边事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…从我们对事物和事件的情感体验中，产生一种社会共识”，这也就解释了本段第一句中所强调的情感对于生存和发展的重要性，所以正确答案选B。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但是，比起它对我们所做的，能做的事情，给我们带来的伤害，惊讶，愤怒或者欢乐，事物的物质方面没有那么重要。”本句话提到事物的情感方面比物质方面重要的具体表现。结合上下文，我们使用情感来分类事物，也就是通过情感，我们适应周围的世界。由此推断，选项D为符合题意的最佳答案。

18.写作题

Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:“ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education”(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.

【答案】ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education19.单选题

OakRidgeresidentsareencouragedtotheirunusedmedicineonSaturdayat（）OperationMedicineCabinet.

问题1选项

A.disposeof

B.deviatefrom

C.adhereto

D.adjustto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。disposeof处理，转让，解决；deviatefrom偏离，脱离；adhereto坚持，粘附；adjustto调节。句意：橡树岭居民被鼓励在周六处理他们医药箱中从未使用的药品。A项符合题意。

20.单选题

Hehadscarcelylefttherailwaystation_______itstartedtorain.

问题1选项

A.than

B.then

C.when

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】scarcelywhen为固定用法,表示"一...就..."。句意：他一离开火车站就开始下起了雨。选项C正确。

21.单选题

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theygood-natured,co-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.dewaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumber).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytocatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemaleCapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,arcguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareacooperative,grouplivingspecie.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（

）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat（

）.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausethey

（

）.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

（

）.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

问题2选项

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

问题3选项

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearcher’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

问题4选项

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

问题5选项

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到每个人都希望加薪，但是当知晓别人加的工资比自己要多时愉悦感消失殆尽（Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone）。随后又提到这种心理在猴子中也存在（suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell）。可知在此处作者是将人类与猴子进行对比，因此选项C“做比较”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题目问的是“第一段最后一句‘猴之常情’暗示着什么”。第一段提到当人发现那个比自己加薪多的人消极怠工时，会感到愤怒（Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged），这种行为被认为是“人之常情”（alltooman），在猴子的世界里也是如此，说明猴子看到不公平的事情时也会愤怒，这是天性。因此，选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第二段提到跟人类女性一样，它们比雄性更关注“品质与服务”的价值（Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales），这也是它们成为研究对象的原因。因此，选项A“更倾向于它们得到了什么”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第二句话提到稳定合作只有在它们觉得自己没被欺骗才会出现（Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated），所以选项C“当发现被欺骗这种合作会破裂”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到这种公平感是卷尾猴和人类各自演化而来还是来自3500万年前他们共同的祖先，这个问题暂时还没有答案（However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion），选项B符合题意。

22.单选题

Whenhegotpromotedfromanaverageclerktodeputymanagerofthecompany,hefeltthathehadto（）greaterresponsibilities.

问题1选项

A.bearon

B.takeon

C.bringon

D.drawon

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Takeon“承担”；bearon“影响”；bringon“呈现”；drawon“来临，鼓励”。句意：当他从一个普通员工被提升到公司副经理的职位时，他感到自己不得不承担更大的责任。选项B符合题意。

23.单选题

Thepopularbookwas（

）byapanelofexperts,workinginconjunctionwiththepublisher.

问题1选项

A.composed

B.comprised

C.conceived

D.compiled

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Compose“构成；写作”；comprise“包含，由……组成”；conceive“怀孕；构思”；compile“编译，编制”。句意：这本颇受欢迎的书是由专家小组编制而成，与出版社互相协调而成的。选项D符合题意。

24.翻译题

AnothermilestoneonthejourneytowardsdigitalcashwaspassedonNovember13th.Thatdatemarkedtheemergencefrombeta-testin