考研考博-英语-南京工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

问题1选项

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项elegant“优雅的”；B选项eloquent“有口才的，有说服力的”；C选项evil“邪恶的”；D选项excessive“极度的，过分的”。句意：他的能言善辩达到了他想要的效果，人们纷纷捐钱来帮助他。选项B符合语境。

2.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargeandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatstructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What”andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinbornandaresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnection.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,braindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepsychologists’attitudetowardstheissuethatwomen’smindsaredifferentfrommen’s?

3.“Thesedifferences”inParagraph5referstothosein______.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggestsmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.mental

D.social

问题2选项

A.Theyusedtoconsidertheissueuninterestingandnotworthresearching.

B.Theyfindthatthedifferenceisattributedtotheinfluenceofthesociety.

C.Theyhavealreadygivenupfindingouttherealcauseofthedifference.

D.Theystudytheissuefromaperspectivedifferentfromthatofthebiologists.

问题3选项

A.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

B.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

C.theperformanceonschoolsubjects

D.theskillsofmenandwomen

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen

C.thefunctioningofpartsofthebrain

D.theeffectsofthetrunkline10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题5选项

A.Toproposenewfieldsinbrainresearch.

B.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariouscausesofstructuraldifferencesinbrain.

D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweengenderandbrainstructure.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，大脑的差异是由……因素造成的”。第三段提到Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?（我们倾向于认为是社会的影响造成了这些差异。但我们可能错了吗？），联系后文并没有否定这个认为，因此D项“社会”符合题意；A项“生理”、B项“心理”和C项“精神”在文中都没有明确提到是其因素。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“以下哪一个最好地描述了心理学家对女性的思想不同于男性这一问题的态度？”。根据第一段中的Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（女性的思维方式与男性不同。至少，大多数人是这么认为的。心理学家认为，这个主题要么是一件令人沮丧的事情，要么就是一个笑话）可推断，心理学家对于男女思维方式不同这个话题的态度是他们已经不在乎造成这个差异的真正原因了，C项“他们已经放弃了找出差异的真正原因”正确；A项“他们过去认为这个问题无趣，不值得研究”文章未提及；B项“他们发现这种差异是由于社会的影响”不是心理学家的观点；D项“他们从不同于生物学家的角度研究这个问题”与原文意思相反。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第五段中的‘这些差异’指的是这些在……上的差异”。根据题干定位到文章第五段，倒数第二句提到Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.（在世界各地的学校里，女孩往往比男孩在“语言科目”上表现更好，而男孩在数学和物理方面表现更好），接着就提到了Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.（如果这些差异与半球主干道上的差异相一致，那么两性之间就存在着不可改变的区别），可知，thesedifference指的就是女性和男性在学业表现上的差异，C项“学业课程的表现”正确；A项“由大脑进行的活动”、B项“男人和女人的大脑结构”和D项“男人和女人的技能”在该段都未提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在最后一段中，作者建议在……上做更多的工作”。根据最后一段Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（我们一时半会儿还不知道，部分原因是我们不知道学校科目的能力与大脑两个半球的运作之间的任何精确关系，我们也不知道这两个半球是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异一定有影响，因为这种差异存在于涉及智力的大脑部位，我们应该寻找智力处理方面的差异。）可以推知，在最后一段，作者建议研究大脑的运作，C项“大脑各部分的运作”符合题意；A项“大脑的整体结构”和B项“男人和女人之间的差异”表述不正确；D项“大脑干线的作用”只是其中一部分。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要目的是什么？”。文章开头提出男女大脑结构存在差异，接着进一步指明差异在于大脑半球的连接，且差异是由于社会的影响造成的；但目前对于男女技能差异和大脑结构的差异之间的关系没有任何确切的认知，也不知道大脑两半球是如何相互作用的；最后文章指出Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（但这种显著的差异一定有影响，因为这种差异存在于涉及智力的大脑部位，我们应该寻找智力处理方面的差异），因此我们可以推断，文章的目的是提出大脑研究的方向，A项“提出大脑研究的新领域”符合题意；B项“概述关于大脑结构的研究成果”、C项“讨论造成大脑结构差异的各种原因”和D项“解释性别和大脑结构的关系”都只是文章的一部分内容，而不是目的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.单选题

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarchandofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewish,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558-1603),theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranothermostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen'smatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian’simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality:“ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist.”SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthe-supremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslappedbetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofaccrualpower:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands’absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmission;asmembersofguildsaswivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640-60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreacher,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

36.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?

37.WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?

38.Whatdidthereligionsoforthewomen?

问题1选项

A.Women’sPositioninthe17thCentury.

B.Women’sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

C.SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

D.Women’sObjectioninthe17thCentury.

问题2选项

A.Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

B.Shedominatedtheculture.

C.Shedidlittle.

D.Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

问题3选项

A.Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

B.QueenAnne’spoliticalactivities.

C.Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

D.QueenElizabeth’spoliticalactivities.

问题4选项

A.Itdidnothing.

B.Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

C.Itsupportedwomen.

D.ItappealedtotheGod.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】35.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。通读全文，文章第一段先阐述女性由于父权文化和宗教制度使得女性在很多方面都受到大量压制和公然歧视，接着第二段论述了在伊丽莎白时期一些女性群体在文学方面对父权制而做的一些平衡抗压的举措，第三段阐述了在宗教上，大部分文本都是支持父权主义的，最后阐述了17世纪的女性在男性不在的时候，行使了大量的权责证明意识形态和一般经验之间的差距。综合可以推理，这篇文章主要讲述的是17世纪的女性在社会中所处的一个地位，A项“17世纪女性的地位”符合题意。B项“女性对父权制的服从”、C项“17世纪的社会环境”和D项“17世纪女性的反对”都是文章提到的一部分，不能全面概括整篇文章。因此，该题选择A项正确。

36.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“伊丽莎白女王在文化上为女性做了什么？”。根据第二段第二句DuringtheElizabethanera(1558-1603),theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.（在伊丽莎白时代统治期间，文化领域为强大的女王所主导，她本人确实树立了令人难忘的女性形象，可是她并没有为其他女性能够创作一些东西）可知，虽然伊丽莎白女王树立了令人印象深刻的女性形象，但是她在文化上并没有为女性创造些什么，所以C项“她没做什么”正确。A项“她为女性树立了榜样”和B项“她主导了文化”并不是重点，重点在though后面的内容，这两项不选。D项“她允许女性翻译一些东西”，文中并没有强调是伊丽莎白女王让女性从事翻译，D项无中生有。因此，该题选择C项正确。

37.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作为使女性能够创造原作的理由，以下哪项未被提及？”。根据第二段中的Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranothermostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation…（然而，在17世纪，各种情况使女性能够以一定数量写出原作。一方面，女性群体为父权制提供了一些平衡力量：母亲和女儿、延伸的亲属网络、亲密的女性朋友、安妮王后单独的宫殿以及她对立的化装舞会和政治活动。另一方面，这些女性大多受过良好的教育……）可知，A项“女性群体为父权制提供了一些平衡”、B项“安妮女王的政治活动”和C项“大多数女性都受过良好的教育”都有提及。只有D项“伊丽莎白女王的政治活动”在文中并没有提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

38.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“宗教对女性有什么影响？”。根据文章倒数第二段ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality…SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthe-supremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.（在圣保罗的书信和圣经的其他地方有大量的支持父权制和妻子对丈夫的服从的文本，但一些文本记载了一种非常不同的政治，促进女性精神平等……这样的经文鼓励一些女性去争取最高的族长,即上帝的支持，反对那些声称代替上帝站在她们身边的世俗族长。）可知，圣保罗书信和圣经有大量的文本支持父权主义，但是仍然有一些文本鼓励女性去争取上帝的支持，鼓励女性去反对父权主义，所以B项“除了某些文本外，它们也要求女性服从”符合题意，从而也可知A项“没什么影响”错误。C项“它支持女性”不够全面，只有某些文本支持女性。第一段中指出Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarchandofallChristianstoGod.（因此，女性首先服从父亲，然后服从丈夫，体现了英国人民服从他们的君主，所有基督徒服从上帝。），可知，宗教是借上帝的名义来压制女性，使她们服从父权制，而不是求助于上帝，D项“它求助于上帝”不符合原文。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.单选题

Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent,herbookdoesnotridiculeallpredictionsofdoombutratherclaimsthattherisksofharmhaveinmanycasesbeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.derided

C.ignored

D.scrutinized

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。通过Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent可知这里驳斥的是environmentalcatastropheisimminent，所以对下文claim的内容应该与这个相反：即认为环境灾难并没有临近，这些风险只是被夸大了。exaggerat夸张；deride嘲笑；ignore忽视；scrutinize详细检查。句意：在对环境灾难临近的观点进行驳斥的过程中，她的作品并没有嘲笑所有的厄运预测，而是指出灾害的风险在许多情况下被夸大了。

5.写作题

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

6.单选题

Alternatively,itcanbepresentedbyacarefularrangementofobjectivefacts,wherepsychologicaldevelopmentisdescribedpurelyintermsofbehavior,andwherethereader’ssubjectiveresponseiselicitedbytheminutedescriptionsofphysicalreality,asinthegreatestChinesenovelslikeTheDreamoftheRedChamber,whichconvincesthereaderthatthroughthenovelheisseeingrealityitselfratherthananartfullycontrivedsemblanceofreality.

问题1选项

A.appearance

B.criticism

C.occurrence

D.contrast

【答案】A

【解析】句中引用了红楼梦，说到它让读者相信自己通过小说看到的是现实本身，划线部分是对比，而不是现实的……。可知semblance应表示“假象；表象”等含义。A选项appearance“外貌；露面”；B选项criticism“批评；考证”；C选项occurrence“发生；出现；事件”；D选项contrast“对比；反差”。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Topicsforcompositionshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.dependent

C.connecting

D.relevant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与…相连”；berelevantto意为“与…有关的”。选项D符合语境。

8.单选题

Sheisawomanof（）whohasneverabandonedherprinciplesforthesakeofherownbenefits.

问题1选项

A.dignity

B.scarcity

C.integrity

D.stability

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。dignity尊严，高贵；scarcity不足，缺乏；integrity正直，诚实，指道德健全，尤其表现在考验目标的坚定、责任心和信任感的行为中；stability坚定，恒心。句意：她是一个正直的女人，从不为了自己的利益而放弃自己的原则。选项C更恰当。

9.单选题

Dieselenginesprovideexcellentmileage,buttheyarerelativelynoisyandtheiraccelerationissluggish.

问题1选项

A.uneven

B.loud

C.slow

D.hard

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。sluggish表示“萧条的，迟钝的”；A项uneven“不均匀的，不平坦的”，B项loud“大声的，喧闹的”，C项slow“慢的，减速的”，D项hard“努力的，硬的”。句意：柴油发动机提供优良的里程，但它们相对嘈杂，加速缓慢。根据句意可知，sluggish在句子中表示“缓慢的”，四个选项中只有slow符合。故该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyinto'whichthemachineshasbeenintroduceD.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe"social,legal,andeconomicsubordination"ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof"thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry."Observersthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization'seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen'slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriter,andthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen'seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen'swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof"dead-end"jobs,thenceforthconsidered"women'swork."Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomen-thanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women'sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Theauthor,mentionsallofthefollowinginventionsasexamplesofdramatictechnologicalinnovationsEXCEPTthe（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,beforetheIndustrialRevolution,themajorityofwomen'sworkwasdoneinwhichofthefollowingsettings?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen'swork?

5.Thepassagestatesthat,beforethetwentiethcentury,whichofthefollowingwastrueofmanyemployers?

问题1选项

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen'sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety'straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen'sworkchangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofworkcreateswholenewclassesofjobsthatdidnotpreviouslyexist.

问题2选项

A.sewingmachine

B.vacuumcleaner

C.typewriter

D.telephone

问题3选项

A.Textilemills.

B.Privatehouseholds.

C.Offices.

D.Factories.

问题4选项

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen'swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

问题5选项

A.Theydidnotemploywomeninfactories.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyemployedwomeninonlythosejobsthatwererelatedtowomen'straditionalhouseholdwork.

D.Theyresistedtechnologicalinnovationsthatwouldradicallychangewomen'srolesinthefamily.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题目可以定位到文章第一段，文第一句提出观点：Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyinto'whichthemachineshasbeenintroduceD.中文翻译为：史学家们往往假设，劳动的机构化不仅仅对那些操作新机器的人们的生活，而且也对机器所被引入其中的社会，均产生了种革命性的影响，以及第二段第一句提出反对意见：Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.中文翻译为：史学家们，尤其是那些研究妇女历史的史学家们，现在对关于机械化进程的变革作用这一假设表示严重的怀疑。由此可知，作者对第一种观点是反对的，并且提出自己的观点：“...suchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsas...havenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.中文翻译为：技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来任何剧烈变化。最后从原文最后一句“Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.中文翻译为：机械化甚至可能减缓了妇女在劳动力市场和家庭中的传统地位的任何变化。以判断只有A项“机械化对妇女工作的影响并没有得到人们通常认为新技术本身就是革命性的这一假设的证实”符合作者态度和总结文意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词dramatictechnologicalinnovations可以定位到文章第二段中“Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriter,andthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen'seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen'swork.”中文大意为：他们的结论是，诸如纺纱珍妮、缝纫机、打字机和吸尘器等剧烈的技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来同样巨大的社会变化。D选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第一段中“Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories...”，中文翻译为：19世纪，当女性进入工厂……，以及第二段中“TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolution...”，中文翻译为：工业革命期间，年轻妇女在纺织厂的就业情况……和文章最后一段首句“Women'sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory...”，中文翻译为：过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂……。综合可知，在工业革命之前，女性工作场所一般在B项“私人（个人）家庭”。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“alteration改变”对应“change改变”可以定位到文章第三段中“Women'sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.”，中文翻译为：在过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂，并且近来很多蓝领工作变成白领工作。以及“Fundamentally,however，theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.”，中文翻译为：但是，基本上，工业革命一来，妇女们的工作条件改变甚少：按性别区分职业、整体报酬低、工作技能水平要求相对低、升迁机会少仍存在，同时家务劳动依然繁重。可以得知D选项：“人口普查结果显示，职业妇女的工资和薪金平均与男子一样高”才表明妇女工作条件发生了根本的变化。

5.推理判断题。由题干关键词“twentiethcentury”可以定位到文章第二段尾句“Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomen—thanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.”中文翻译为：20世纪对己婚妇女雇佣的增加不是因为家务劳动机械化，使这些妇女有闲暇，而是由于她们经济上的必需性，以及结婚率升高使单身妇女来源减少，而在这以前，在多数情况下，单身妇女是雇主唯一想雇佣的。因此B选项：“他们往往会雇佣单身妇女而不是己婚妇女”最符合。

11.填空题

AustrianphysicianAlfredAdlertheorizedthatpeopleareprimarilymotivatedtoovercomeinherentfeelingsof________.(inferior)

【答案】inferiority

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】feelingsof________是名词所有格结构，所以横线处应为名词。根据关键词inherentfeelings，可知这里讲的和感受相关，feelingofinferiority的意思为“自卑感”，