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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京航空航天大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

现在的这十年中,有个一直使人感到进退维谷的问题就是:现代教育究竟应是通才教育还是专才教育。一些大学要求所有学生都学习跨越广泛领域的共核课程,采取的是通才教育的方法。但有鉴于当今信息爆炸和学生的多文化性,继续调整他们的课程,以满足学生更为急迫的职业需求,采取的是专才教育的方法。而由于没有设置共核课程,学生往往缺乏有效参与到一体化社会中所必需的共享知识。

【答案】Oneofthedilemmasofthisdecadehasbeenwhethertoapproachmodemeducationintermsofthegeneralistorthespecialist.Someuniversitiesrequireallthestudentstotakeacommoncoreofcoursesfromabroadrangeofdisciplines,appealingtothegeneralistapproachtoeducation.Yet,choosingthecorecoursesinlightoftoday’sexplosionininformationanddiversemulticulturalstudentpopulationshasnotbeenaneasytask.Howdoesoneselectwhatitisthateveryoneshouldknow?Otheruniversitiescontinuetotailortheircoursestothemoreimmediateprofessionalneedsoftheirstudents,appealingtothespecialistapproachtoeducation.Butwithoutacorecurriculum,studentsoftenlackthesharedknowledgenecessarytoparticipateeffectivelyinanintegratedsociety.

2.翻译题

1.Whenyouareinthebusinessofsendingspacecrafttootherplanets,itisprobablywisetodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourspace-probessterile(无菌的).NASA,America’sspaceagency,certainlydoesso.Afterall,youwouldnotwanthugsfromoneplanettocontaminateanotherwheretheymightpossiblythrive.

ButaccordingtoCurtMileikowsky,oftheRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,thismayalreadyhavehappenednaturallybillionsofyearsagowhenthesolarsystemwasyoung.ForDrMileikowskyhastakenacentury-oldideacalledpanspermia(有生源说),andshownthatitisplausible.

2.Panspermiaisthetheorythatlifedoesnotstartindependentlyoneachplanetthathasit(assumingthatotherplanetsdo).Rather,ithopsfromplacetoplace,“infecting”newworldsasitgoes.Supportedbyexpertsinbiology,geologyandcelestialmechanics,DrMileikowskyarguedtotheAmericanAstronomicalSocietymeetinginAtlantathatthisisnotasoutlandishasitsounds.

3.Bunglingspaceorganizationsapart,theonlymodeoftravelopentomicrobesseemstobemeteorites.Mostofthesearesmallbitsofjunkfromtheasteroid(小行星)beltthathavegoneoffcourse.Butsomearerocksthathavebeenflungintospacefromthesurfacesofplanetsasaresultofthoseplanetshavingbeenstruckbyevenlargerbitsofrock—decent—sizedasteroidsorcomets.

4.Ifthereislifeonsuchaplanet,microscopicformsofitwillprobablylivedeepinsiderocks,astheydoonearth.Theaccelerationoflift-offwouldnotkillsomethingthatsize.

5.Ifarockislargeenough,theheatgeneratedasitisthrownclearwillbenegligibleexceptatitssurface—where,ifanything,meltingmayevenproduceanairtightskintoprotectanymicrobesdeeperdownfromtheunpleasantvacuumofspace.

【答案】1.当我们发射宇宙飞船到其他星球时,尽可能使太空探测器保持无菌状态是明智的。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是这样做。毕竟,我们不会希望一个星球的污染波及另一个它们可能繁衍的地方。

但根据斯德哥尔摩皇家理工学院的库特•米里科夫斯基的说法,这可能在几十亿年前太阳系统还很年轻的时候就已经自然发生了。因为库特•米里科夫斯基博士采用了一个有百年历史的“有生源说”理论,并证明了它的合理性。

2.有生源说理论认为,生命并非独立起源于拥有生命的各个行星(假设其他行星上也有生命)。而是从一个地方弹跳似的传播到另一个地方,每到一个新世界就将那里“感染”。在生物学、地质学和天体力学方面的专家的支持下,库特•米里科夫斯基博士在亚特兰大举行的美国天文学会会议上指出,这也并没有听起来那么奇怪。

3.除了空间组织混乱之外,向微生物开放的唯一通道似乎是陨石。其中大多数是小行星带上的少量垃圾,它们已经偏离航向。但是,有些岩石却被行星表面抛入太空,这是因为这些行星被更大的小块岩石撞击,这些岩石是大小适中的小行星或彗星。

4.如果在这样的行星上存在生命,那么它的微观形式可能会像在地球上一样生活在深部的内部岩石中。加速起飞不会杀死那么大的东西。

5.如果一块岩石足够大,那么它扔出去时所产生的热量是微不足道的,除了在它的表面,在任何地方融化可能会产生不透气的皮肤,以保护更深层的微生物免受空间真空的伤害。

3.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.

B.HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.

C.Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.

D.HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.

问题2选项

A.HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.

B.HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland’sgifts.

C.Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.

D.HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.

问题3选项

A.Unpredictable.

B.Unjustifiable.

C.Laborious.

D.Tedious.

问题4选项

A.Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.

B.Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.

C.Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.

D.Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe,Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984,[12]whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HecontactedatribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesmeninMexico.Atfirst,thetribemember,namedGonzalez,wasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp.[13]HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays:“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhatourmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.”

[14]EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland.Toreachthen-homelandhemustdrivetwoandahalfdaysfromHouston,Texas.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribesmencan’teasilyget,andgivesgoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth,takethefoodandshareitamongthemselves.

ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfying,butalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways.“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays.“IexperiencethesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.[15]Iseealotofbeautyintheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.

12.WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是JamesCopeland研究美洲印第安部落塔拉乌马拉人(Tarahumaras)的原因。录音开头提到,他发现对塔拉乌马拉人的语言进行的研究很少,于是产生了研究该部落的念头,A选项“他发现对他们语言的研究几乎没有”与录音原文表述相符,因此正确。B选项“他正努力保护印第安人部落的语言”在录音中并未提及;C选项“他与一名社会工作者的接触极大地激发了他对该部落的兴趣”,利用录音中出现的asocialworker设置干扰,录音说的是他通过一名社会工作者与部落的成员取得了联系,是研究该部落的一种渠道而不是研究该部落的原因,因此可排除;D选项“与Gonzalez的会面使他渴望更多地了解这个部落”,录音中提及Copeland与Gonzalez的会面是发生在他产生了研究兴趣之后,因此也可排除。

13.HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问Gonzalez是如何帮助Copeland的?录音中提到,Gonzalez带Copeland去了他所在的村落,并充当了中间人,D选项“他在Copeland和村民之间扮演着中间人的角色”符合录音原文的表述,因此正确。A选项“他教Copeland说塔拉乌马拉人的语言”和C项“他推荐他的一位好朋友当翻译”在录音中均没有信息提及;B选项“他劝服塔拉乌马拉人接受Copeland的礼物”,录音只说了塔拉乌马拉人接受了礼物,并与大家一起分享,并没有提及他们是否在Gonzalez的劝说下才接受礼物,因此B选项也可排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者对JamesCopeland的塔拉乌马拉人村落之旅的看法。录音提到,对Copeland而言,进入塔拉乌马拉人的世界是一项艰苦的任务(alaboriousproject),因此C选项“艰苦的,费劲的”正确。A选项“不可预知的”;B选项“不合理的”和D选项“乏味的”在录音中均没有信息提及。

15.WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问塔拉乌马拉部落给Copeland留下深刻印象的是什么?录音结尾提到,Copeland从他们互相分享和关心中看到了很多美好,因此B选项“他们的分享和关心”正确。A选项“他们对外来者的帮助表示感激”,录音中没有提及;C选项“他们乐于适应科技”,录音中提到的是(塔拉乌马拉部落的)人们拒绝科技(rejectingtechnology),因此C选项不正确;D选项“他们为自己创造财富的信仰”,录音中提及塔拉乌马拉人不崇尚积累财富(whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth),因此D选项也不正确。

4.单选题

Thedirectorwascritical______thewayweweredoingthework.

问题1选项

A.of

B.with

C.at

D.in

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意:主任对我们工作的方式提出了批评。becriticalofsb./sth.“对某人/某事批判”,A选项of符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Nowpowerproperlyunderstoodis(

)theabilitytoachievepurpose.Itisthestrengthrequiredtobringaboutsocial,political,andeconomicchange.

问题1选项

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.all

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定代词。第二句说到“它是改变社会、政治和经济所需要的一种力量”,这是对第一句的解释,可知第一句中说的“权力”无非是达到目的的一种能力。因此A选项nothingbut“只不过,无非”符合题意。

6.单选题

Inhisfifties,Dr.Brownbecamedirectorofthechemicalcompany,apositionhe()fortherestofhislife.

问题1选项

A.attained

B.cherished

C.expanded

D.retained

【答案】D

【解析】attain达到,实现;cherish珍爱;expand扩大;retain保持。句意:50岁时,Brown博士成为这家化学公司的董事,他在这个职位上呆了一辈子。只有选项D符合语境。

7.单选题

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepartofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsonceatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-owner-shipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby(

).

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therule...”(Paral)impliesthat(

).

3.By“goodsense”(Line1,Para2),thewritermeans(

).

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,(

).

5.Inthewriter’sopinion(

).

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

问题3选项

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句指出“Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife(把问题归咎于交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏是很好的)”,但后面有一个转折词but引出重要的原因,“butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible(但道路上的礼节问题正变得恐怖)”。因此C项“司机的行为”正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位至第一段“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule(你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机,但现今彬彬有礼的司机却实属罕见)”,由此推断,D项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。

3.语义题。由题干定位至第二段第一句“Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo(道路上的礼节不仅仅是礼貌,也是一种良好的意识)”。后面具体说到“Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriversto…helpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions(只有头脑冷静、脾气温和的司机在遇到不文明的行为时,才能抵制进行报复的诱惑。另一方面,礼貌可以缓和开车时的紧张气氛。接着,又具体地说明对别人礼貌的行为,如友好地点头或摆手示意有利于创造出一种友好和宽容的氛围)”。因此,“goodsense”指司机不仅自己礼貌,而且对别人的礼貌做出反应,故选A项“司机的正确理解能力和理智地做出反应的能力”。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词定位至最后一段“Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregiveandtakefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart(几年前,专家警告我们,汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使用者的互谅互让。现在是我们大家把这一信息牢记在心的时候了)”。因此B项“司机们应该准备好互相谦让”正确。

5.判断推理题。文章第三段指出“However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous(然而,不适当的道路理解可能是危险的)”。紧接着作者举了一些例子来说明。也就是说,司机们不仅要注意道路上的礼节问题,还要注意礼貌行为是否适时适当。否则可能反而会有危险的后果。因此,B项“司机的礼貌行为应当适当”正确。

8.单选题

Thereisnotthewomanbornwhodesirestoeatthebreadofdependence,nomatter(

)fromthehandoffather,husband,orbrother;foranyonewhodoessoeatherbreadplacesherselfinthepoweroftheperson()shetakesit.

问题1选项

A.whethertheybefromwhich

B.whetheritbe...fromwhom

C.wouldtheybefromwhom

D.woulditbe…fromwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。句意:世上没有生来就想靠别人吃饭的女人,无论是靠父亲、丈夫还是兄弟;因为任何一个人这样做的话,就是将自己置于施舍之人的权利之下。根据句意可知,第一空主要是需要明确from的主语应该是“thebread”,所以应该用单数形式的it来指代,由此可排除选项A和选项C;其次第二空的先行词是theperson,关系代词应该用whom,所以选项B正确。

9.单选题

______anyoneshouldthinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

问题1选项

A.Inorderthat

B.Lest

C.If

D.Providing

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项Inorderthat“为了,目的在于”;B选项Lest“以免”;C选项If“如果,倘若”;D选项Providing“如果”。句意:我向你保证,这是千真万确的,______有人觉得奇怪。根据语境,为了不让人觉得奇怪,我向你保证这是真的,所以Lest“以免”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom-awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"she'sthetalkerinourfamily.Theroomburstintolaughterthemanlookedpuzzledandhurt,"it'strue"heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewoftheme—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingandsocialarrangements.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication.“Hedoesn'tlistentome”:“Hedoesn'ttalktome.”IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingat:thebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.

1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase"wreakinghavoc"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans(

).

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT

).

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson(

).

问题1选项

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

问题2选项

A.generatingmotivation

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

问题3选项

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse

问题4选项

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

问题5选项

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S

D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中womenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem(女人经常抱怨他们的丈夫不和她们交谈)可推测大多数妻子对丈夫的主要期望是与他们交谈,因此选A。

第2题:词义题。generatingmotivation意为“产生动机”;exertinginfluence意为“发挥影响”;causingdamage意为“造成伤害”;creatingpressure意为“创造压力”。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome,andpatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.(尽管美国男人在公共场合比女人说话更多,但他们在家里经常少说话,这种模式正在wreakinghavoc婚姻)以及第三段中gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces(没有沟通是他们离婚的原因)可知C选项最符合句意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome可知A、D选项正确,由第四段中Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication可知C选项正确,因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中mostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives(大多数妻子希望丈夫成为最重要的谈话伙伴,但很少有丈夫对妻子抱有同样的期望)可推测妻子与丈夫对谈话有不同的认知,因此选D。

第5题:推理判断题。文章主要讲述了家庭生活中妻子与丈夫对谈话认知的差异,那么接下来作者将继续围绕这一主题进行展述,最有可能对thestereotypicalcartoon进行详细描述,因此选B。

11.单选题

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbecomeunknownandallthepleasuresandlessonswecouldgetfromthemwillbelostforever.ThenthereisliteratureliketheworksofthegreatmasterslikeShakespeare,DickensandJaneAusten.Whatasombre,miserableworlditwillbewithoutthepleasuresofreading.Sincetherearesomanyotherthingswhichdependonreading-likeplays,songsandmovies―wecanexpectthemtodisappearalso.Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworldwhereknowledgeisnotpropagated;wheretherearenobookstoderivepleasurefrom.

Inthecaseofmusic:Withoutittheworldwillbebleakandcoldindeed.Itwouldbeaterribleworldwithnocheerytunes,nosongstosingandnogreatmusictoloseourselvesin.AworldwhichdoesnotlistentothemusicofthegreatmasterslikeChopinandBeethovenwouldbeaverysorryworld.Therewillnotbesomanysmilesonfacesanymore.Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.Withmusic,connectedactivitieslikedancingwillbelosttoo.AworldwithoutmusicanddancingwillbringusbacktotheStoneAge.

Unlikeradio,television,telephonesandcomputers,readingandmusicarenotmereconveniencesthatwecanlivewithout.Readingiscrucialforself-expressionandforpassingonrecordsandknowledgetofuturegenerations.Musicispartofourverysoul.Aworldwithoutthesewillnotbetheworldasweknowit.Infact,manyofuswouldnotwanttoliveinsuchaworld.

1.Musicispartofthehumanpsychebecause().

2.Accordingtothepassage,lifewithouttelevisionandradiowouldbe()..

3.Itisimpossibletoimagineaworldwithoutmusicbecause().

4.Aworldwithoutbookswouldbe()..

5.Whyismusicsomethingthatwecannotlivewithout?

问题1选项

A.itispartofprimitiveculture

B.itissomethingweliketolistento

C.italwaysstrikesachordwithus

D.ithasbeenproducedsinceancienttimes

问题2选项

A.essentiallythesame

B.verydifferent

C.quiteboring

D.spirituallymoresatisfying

问题3选项

A.musiclikebooksisahumaninvention

B.itiscrucialforself-expression

C.enjoyablesoundsexistinourenvironment

D.plays,songsandmoviesdependonit

问题4选项

A.bleakandcold

B.averysorryworld

C.dreadfullyunsatisfying

D.darkanddull

问题5选项

A.BecauseitisaconvenienceliketheInternet.

B.Becausewewillloseadeeppartofourselves.

C.Becausewewon'thavesmilesonourfacesanymore.

D.BecausephilosophieslikePlato'swouldnotexist.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的最后一句“Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.”音乐是我们喜欢听的令人愉悦的所有声音。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段的五六七句“Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.”我们中有许多人曾经历过一段没有电视的日子。他们会告诉我们,生活并没有多大的不同。收音机可能也是如此。所以选项A正确。

3.根据第二段的倒数二三句“However,inthecaseofmusic...thewhistlingofthewind.”我们无法想象一个没有音乐的世界,因为我们无时无刻不被像鸟儿的歌唱和风的呼啸这样悦耳的声音环绕着。也就是说我们的环境中存在着令人愉快的声音。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第三段的最后一句“Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingworld...derivepleasurefrom.”没有知识的传播,没有读书带来的乐趣,这将是一个黑暗并且不令人满意的世界。bleakandcold阴暗寒冷;averysorryworld悲惨的世界;dreadfullyunsatisfying令人极度不满意的;darkanddull黑暗沉闷的。选项C更接近原文。

5.根据第四段的倒数第三句“Whenwelosemusic,anexpressionofadeeppartofourselves-fromthesoul-islost.”当我们失去了音乐,我们也失去了内心深处的一种表达——来自灵魂的表达。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

12.填空题

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.(1)itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

(2)takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

(3)

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

(4)ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

(5)manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth(6)proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

(7)meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

(8)

ontheassumptionthat

(9)ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

(10),individualnutritional(11)canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

(12)nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

(13)theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody(14)

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

(15).

【答案】(1)since

(2)been

(3)guideline或reference

(4)intake

(5)of

(6)has

(7)which

(8)based

(9)it

(10)second

(11)needs

(12)into

(13)affect

(14)in

(15)sex

【解析】(1)语法题。空格所在句的主句部分是现在完成进行吋(表示从过去某个时间开始的某动作一直延续到现在),所以空格这是应填写一个连词since表示时间的开始,引导时间状语从句。

(2)语法题。根据上一题解析知道这里是完成进行时,taking用的是现在分词形式,根据固定搭配(主语)+助动词(have/has)+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分)知这里填写been。

(3)句意分析题。根据该句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance(推荐膳食许可量)是保持最佳身体健康的”可知这里要填一个跟RDA对等的名词,guideline或reference都可以。

(4)句意分析题。根据该句句意“针对不同年龄及性别的人们,RDA(推荐膳食许可量)列举了一些营养物的推荐摄入量。”‘摄入量’填写intake。

(5)介词用法。根据第4题的句意分析知这里句意是“针对不同年龄及性别的人们”,应该填介词of来构成介词短语作定语修饰前面的people。

(6)时态用法题。由上文可知本句也是现在完成时态,所以这里填写has。

(7)语法题。根据句意和空格后动词确定这是一个从句,这里应填一个关系代词(指代前面的“amount”)来构成一个后置定语从句修饰amount,修饰物可以填which或者that,但是前面的amount前有形容词that,所以这里填写which较为合适。

(8)固定搭配。bebasedon为固定用法,‘建立在…基础上’。

(9)固定句式:it+be动词+形容词+that从句。it作形式主语。

(10)推断题。由前一句中的“first(首先)”及前后句的句意,推断这里应该填跟其词性一样的词(其次),所以填写“second”。

(11)推断题。根据前一句句意‘首先,它是基于这样一种假设,即有可能准确定义特定人群的营养需求。’推断这里应该是“个人的营养需求”,所以可以填写needs或者requirements,但是上一句已经出现过requirements,为避免重复,填写needs。

(12)固定短语。该句句意是‘一个人转换食物摄取营养素的效率也会有很大差异。’‘营养转化’用固定短语convert…into…,所以填介词into。

(13)句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此处表达“食物混合在一起,可能影响营养成分的吸收。”主语foods是复数形式,动词affect‘影响’用原形。

(14)句子结构分析。这里的theamountofcalcium应该是milk中的,故填写介词in‘在...之内’。

(15)对应前文。对应前面第五题空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”,故这里填写sex。

13.翻译题

(1).Whenwetalkaboutthedangerofromanticlove,wedon'tmeandangerintheobviousheartbreakway—thecheapbetrayals,thebrokenpromises—wemeanthedarkdangerthatlurkswhensensible,educatedwomenfallforthedogmaticideathatromanticloveistheultimategoalforthemodernfemale.Everyday,thousandsoffilms,books,articlesandTVprogramshammerhomethismessage—thatwithoutromance,lifeissomehowbarren.

However,therearewomenwh

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