考研考博-英语-南京财经大学红山学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京财经大学红山学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thehumanearcontainstheorganforhearingandtheorganforbalance.Bothorgansinvolvefluid-filledchannelscontaininghaircellsthatproduceelectrochemicalimpulseswhenthehairsarestimulatedbymovingfluid.

Theearcanbedividedintothreeregions:outer,middle,andinner.Theouterearcollectssoundwavesanddirectsthemtotheeardrumseparatingtheouterearfromthemiddleear.Themiddleearconductssoundvibrationsthroughthreesmallbonestotheinnerear.Theinnerearisanetworkofchannelscontainingfluidthatmovesinresponsetosoundormovement.

Toperformthefunctionofhearing,theearconvertstheenergyofpressurewavesmovingthroughtheairintonerveimpulsesthatthebrainperceivesassound.Vibratingobjects,suchasthevocalcordsofaspeakingperson,createwavesinthesurroundingair.Thesewavescausetheeardrumtovibratewiththesamefrequency.Thethreebonesofthemiddleearamplifyandtransmitthevibrationstotheovalwindow,amembraneonthesurfaceofthecochlea,theorganofhearing.Vibrationsoftheovalwindowproducepressurewavesinthefluidinsidethecochlea.Haircellsinthecochleaconverttheenergyofthevibratingfluidintoimpulsesthattravelalongtheauditorynervetothebrain.

Theorganforbalanceisalsolocatedintheinnerear.Sensationsrelatedtobodypositionaregeneratedmuchlikesensationsofsound.Haircellsintheinnerearrespondtochangesinheadpositionwithrespecttogravityandmovement.Gravityisalwayspullingdownonthehairs,sendingaconstantseriesofimpulsestothebrain.Whenthepositionoftheheadchanges—aswhentheheadbendsforward—theforceonthehaircellschangesitsoutputofnerveimpulses.Thebraintheninterpretsthesechangestodeterminethehead'snewposition.

1.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheorgansforhearingandbalance?

2.HearinginvolvesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）

3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphs2and3thatthecochleaisapartof（）

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4aboutgravity?

5.Inthispassage,theauthormainlyexplains（）

问题1选项

A.Bothorgansevolvedinhumansatthesametime.

B.Bothorganssendnerveimpulsestothebrain.

C.Bothorganscontainthesameamountoffluid.

D.Bothorgansarelocatedintheear'smiddleregion.

问题2选项

A.motionofthevocalcordssothattheyvibrate

B.stimulationofhaircellsinfluid-filledchannels

C.amplificationofsoundvibrations

D.conversionofwaveenergyintonerveimpulses

问题3选项

A.theouterear

B.theeardrum

C.themiddleear

D.theinnerear

问题4选项

A.Gravityhasanessentialroleinthesenseofbalance.

B.Theearconvertsgravityintosoundwavesintheair.

C.Gravityisaforcethatoriginatesinthehumanear.

D.Theorganforhearingisnotsubjecttogravity.

问题5选项

A.theorgansofthehumanear

B.thefunctionofthehearing

C.thethreeregionsoftheear

D.howtheearorganperformsthehearingandbalance

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段的第二句可知，选项B符合原文，选项A，C在文中未提及。根据第四段第一句"Theorganforbalanceisalsolocatedintheinnerear"可知选项D错误。

第2题:事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“Vibratingobjects,suchasthevocalcordsofaspeakingperson,createwavesinthesurroundingair.”振动的物体，比如一个讲话的人的声带会在周围的空气中产生声波，由此可知，选项A为speaking方面的内容而不是hearing，故答案为A。

第3题:信息推理题。根据关键词“cochlea”定位到第三段的第四句“Thethreebones...theorganofhearing.中耳的三根骨头将（声波的）振动放大并传递到耳蜗的薄膜。再根据第二段最后一句“Theinnerearisanetworkofchannelscontainingfluidthatmovesinresponsetosoundormovement.”内耳是一个包含液体的通道网络，这些液体随着声音或运动而运动。结合两者，由此推断耳蜗应该位于内耳。所以选项D正确。

第4题:信息推断题。根据关键词“gravity”定位到第四段，内耳中的毛细胞会对头部位置的变化做出反应，这些变化与重力和运动相关。之后详细说明重力是如何影响脑部的位置变化的。而第四段的首句提到，平衡器官位于内耳，所以选项A中提及重力对于平衡感起到了举足轻重的作用，符合原文。

第5题:信息归纳题。第一段的第一句为本文的中心句。全文主要分析了耳朵是如何发挥听力和平衡功能的。选项A，B，C太片面，只有选项D是全面的。

2.单选题

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介词短语搭配。没有ontheporch这个搭配，排除选项A；onthethreshold“即将开始”；ontheedgeof“在……的边缘”；onthecourseof“在……的过程中”。句意：作为学校里最年轻的教授，布朗先生正处在辉煌事业的开始阶段。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Theconsumer（）inrecentyearshasledtoanexplosionofshoppingcenterdevelopmentinbigcitieslikeBeijing,ShanghaiandCanton.

问题1选项

A.boom

B.pressure

C.summit

D.volume

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boom“繁荣，迅速发展”；B选项pressure“迫使，密封”；C选项summit“顶峰，顶点”；D选项volume“成团卷起”。句意：近几年的消费（）促使北京、上海和广州这样的大城市中的购物中心快速地发展起来。这里的意思是“消费的繁荣使得购物中心发展”，因此A选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Mrs.Greenreceivedan（）letterthreateningtoexposeherprivatelifeifsherefusedtopay$10,000.

问题1选项

A.anonymous

B.apparent

C.arbitrary

D.artificial

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：格林太太收到了一封匿名信，威胁说如果她拒绝支付10000美元，就要揭露她的私生活。因此选A。

5.单选题

Itwasthebiggestscientificgrudgematchsincethespacerace.TheGenomeWarshadeverythingtwogroupswithappealing-leadersreadytofightinascientificdeadheatpushingthelimitsoftechnologyandrhetoricastheybattledtobecomethefirsttoreadeverylastoneofthe3billionDNA“letters”inthehumanbody.Thescientificimportanceoftheworkisunquestionable.

ThecompletedDNAsequenceisexpectedtogivescientistsunprecedentedinsightsintotheworkingsofthehumanbody,revolutionizingmedicineandbiology.Buttheraceitself,betweenthegovernment’sHumanGenomeProjectandRockville,Md.,biotechnologycompanyCeleraGenomics,wasatleastpartlysymbolic,thepublic/privateconflictplayedoutinagenericlab.

Nowtheraceisover.Afteryearsofpublicattacksandseveralfailedattemptsatreconciliation,thetwosidesaretakingasteptowardaperiodofcalm.HGPheadFrancisCollins(andAriPatrinosoftheDepartmentofEnergy,animportantallyonthegovernmentside)andCraigVenter,thefounderofCelera,agreedtoholdajointpressconferenceinWashingtonthisMondaytodeclarethattheracewasover(sortof),thatbothsideshadwon(kindof)andthatThehostilitieswereresolved(forthetimebeing).

Nooneisexactlysurehowthingswillbedifferentnow.Neithersidewillbeturningoffitssequencingmachinesanytimesoon—the"finishlines”eachhascrossedarelargelyarbitrarypoints,"firstdrafts"ratherthanthedefinitiveversion.Andwhilethejoint-announcementbringsfileformerGenomeWarriorsclosertogetherthanthey’rebeeninyears,insiderssaythatfutureagreementsaremorelikely’totaketheformofcoordination,rather-thanoutrightcollaboration.

Theconflictblewup,thisFebruarywhenBritain'sWelcomeTrustanHGPparticipantreleasedaconfidentiallettertoCeteraoutliningtheHGP'scomplaints.Ventercalledthemove“alowlifethingtodo.”Butbyspring,therewerethefirstsignsofathaw.“Theattacksandnastinessarebadforscienceandourinvestors,"VentertoldNewsweekinMarch,“andfightingbackisprobablynothelpful."Atacancermeetingearlierthismonth,VenterandCollinspraisedeachother’sapproaches,andexpressedhopethatallofthescientistsinvolvedinsequencingthehumangenomewouldbeabletosharethecredit.Bylatelastweek,thathopewasbecomingarealityasdetailsforMonday'sjointannouncementwerehammeredout.Scientistsinbothcampswelcomedanendtothehostilities."Ifthisendsthehorserace,sciencewins."Withtheirdifferencebehindthem,oratleastsetaside,thescientistsshouldnowbeabletogetdowntotheinterestingstuff:figuringhowtomakeuseofallthatdata.

1.TherecentGenomeWarsweresymbolicof（

）.

2.Thetone-oftheauthorinreportingthejointpressconferencethisMondayis

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat

（

）.

4.Theword"thaw"(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Thecriticalissuefacingthescientistsisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.theenthusiasminscientificresearch

B.thesignificanceofthespacerace

C.thepublicversusprivateconflict

D.theprospectofthecompletionofDNAsequence

问题2选项

A.astonished

B.enthusiastic

C.disappointed"

D.objective

问题3选项

A.the"finishlines"referstocompletionofDNAresearch.

B.formerGenomeWarriorswillneverfightagain.

C.theformerwarriorsarenowcollaborators

D.bothsideswillstillworkonindependently

问题4选项

A.aggravationoftension

B.improvementinrelation

C.intensificationinattacks

D.endingofcoordination

问题5选项

A.applythenewly-foundknowledgetothebenefitofmankind

B.endtheirhorseraceforthesuccessofscience

C.getdowntotheirgenomeresearch

D.settheirdifferencesaside

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句Buttheraceitself,betweenthegovernment’sHumanGenomeProjectandRockville,Md.,biotechnologycompanyCeleraGenomics,wasatleastpartlysymbolic,thepublic/privateconflictplayedoutinagenericlab可知选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段最后对周一记者招待会进行了报道。根据…declarethattheracewasover(sortof),thatbothsideshadwon(kindof)andthatThehostilitieswereresolved(forthetimebeing)可知作者对该会议的报道客观，引用会议双方的申明。所以选项D符合题意。

3.文章倒数第二段提到尽管共同宣言使得以前的基因勇士们比几年前更加亲密，内部人员未来达成的共识可能更多采取协调的形式，而不是直接的合作（Andwhilethejoint-announcementbringsfileformerGenomeWarriorsclosertogetherthanthey’rebeeninyears,insiderssaythatfutureagreementsaremorelikely’totaketheformofcoordination,rather-thanoutrightcollaboration）。选项D“双方会继续独立工作”与这个说法切合，因此符合题意。

4.文章倒数第一段一开始提到战争爆发（blewup），第三句Butbyspring,therewerethefirstsignsofathaw，“but”转折指出第一次有“thaw”的迹象，接着又提到赛来拉公司创始人认为对抗不好，可以推断出双方关系得到改善，thaw有“解冻”的意思，选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一句提到把矛盾抛诸脑后，或者至少应该放在一边，科学家们应该能够好好研究这个有趣的问题了，即怎么利用这些数据（Withtheirdifferencebehindthem,oratleastsetaside,thescientistsshouldnowbeabletogetdowntotheinterestingstuff:figuringhowtomakeuseofallthatdata）。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Clothesplayacriticalroleintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfit,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothesweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,anelderlymiddle-classmanandanunconventionallydressedyoungmanmaybeunableto______.

2.Theauthorusesthenewscasters’exampletoillustratetheideathat______.

3.Men’sprofessionalclothingcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

4.Whatcanwomendowiththeirprofessionalclothingaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.understandeachother’slifestyle

B.sharethesamebackgroundorinterests

C.manipulatetheirimpressiononeachother

D.entertheinitialphaseofapotentialinteraction

问题2选项

A.certainclothinggivespeoplemoreconfidence

B.clotheshavenothingtodowithone’sabilities

C.wetendtostereotypepeoplebytheirclothes

D.competentpeoplearedressedconventionally

问题3选项

A.conventional

B.individualistic

C.out-of-date

D.undiversified

问题4选项

A.Theymustbedressedconservatively.

B.Theydon’thaveanexplicitdressingstyletofollow.

C.Theychooseeithermasculineorfeminineclothing.

D.Theycan’twearunconventionaloutfit.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题5选项

A.DressingandtheEffect.

B.DressingandPersonality.

C.DressingUpAppropriately.

D.DressingandManagement.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第二段，一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人和一个穿着非常不合常规的年轻人可能无法……”。第二段提到Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.（因为衣服是社会信息的一个重要来源，我们用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。我们的外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义。），接着就提到了不管一个人的教育、背景或兴趣，一个上了年纪的中产阶级男人或女人可能会被一个穿着不合常规的年轻人疏远；由此可知，造成这种现象的原因就是外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义，如果穿着风格大相径庭，那么他们就无法进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段，因此，D项“进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段”正确；A项“理解彼此的生活方式”没有提到；B项“有相同的背景或兴趣”，这个不是造成这种现象的结果；C项“操纵他们对彼此的印象”，文中提到的是人们用衣服来操纵他们对彼此的印象，该项不符合题干。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者用新闻广播员的例子来说明……”。第三段第一句提到Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.（人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致），这是该段的中心句，接着后面举了青春期女孩、新闻广播员和大学生的例子来支持这一观点，所以C项“我们倾向于对人的衣着有成见”符合题意；A项“某些衣服能给人更多的自信”只是其中一个例子；B项“衣服与一个人的能力无关”，该段表达的中心意思是合适的衣服会显得一个人有能力的样子，所以该项不正确；D项“有能力的人穿着传统”顺序翻倒，穿着传统的人会令人看起来能干，该项也不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“男士职业装的最佳描述是……”。第四段提到Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess…Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.（在职场中，男性长期以来都有明确的成功先例和榜样……对服饰的选择方面，女性的选择远远多于男性），由此可以推理，男性的职业装应该是模式化，变化少，所以A项“传统”最符合这个描述；B项“个人主义”和C项“过时”不准确；D项“千篇一律”为干扰项，虽然男性的服装变化少，但不代表没变化。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，女性可以如何处理她们的职业装？”。第四段第二句指出Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.（商界的许多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质），后文举例男性管理者倾向于选择穿着不那么“女性化”的女性担任管理岗位，而一位外表吸引人的女性会获得更长的面试时间但不会获得工作；由此可以判断，女性在职业装方面并没有明确的风格可以去遵循，B项“他们没有明确的着装风格可循”符合题意；A项“他们必须穿着保守”太绝对；C项“他们选择男性或女性的服装”表述不准确；D项“他们不能穿非传统的服装”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。文章开头讲述的是着装能够给人提供很多的信息，接着就着装的不同影响展开了论述和举例，因此A项“着装和影响”最符合文章的主旨；B项“着装和个性”、C项“适当的打扮”和D项“着装和管理”都比较片面。因此，该题选择A项正确。

7.单选题

WhenastronautNeilArmstrongsetfootonthemoonforthefirsttime,onJuly20,1969,itrepresentedoneofthemostinspiringachievementsinman’shistorytomillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworld.ButtoasmallorganizationcalledtheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.

AndArmstrong’shistoricwordswhensteppingdownfromtheEaglemodule(宇宙飞船船舱)ontothedustylunarsurfaceabout240,000milesfromearth—“onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind”—wasaphrasethatcouldhavecomeonlyfromthepenofascriptwriter.

Asforthepicturesreputedly(一般被认为地)takeninspaceshowingtheearthtobearotatingsphere,well,theywerejusttooludicrous(可笑的)forwords.Thesun,saytheFlatEarthier,circuitstheearthinsteadoftheearthrevolvingaroundthesun—anotionthatmostpeopletakeforgranted.

Thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400,dismissesmuchofacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthassheernonsenseandisconvincedthattheentirehumanraceisbeingsubjectedtothegreatesthoax(骗局)inhistory.

FromitsheadquartersinLancaster,California,thesocietywagesawarofwordsthroughnewslettersandpamphletsagainsttheevilsofscience.

Thesocietywasfoundedabout1800inGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesand,saysitsAmericanpresidentCharlesJohnson,wasdescendedfromtheZeteticsociety,whichtookitsnamefromanancientGreekphilosophicalschoolofskeptics.Itsurvivedunderthisnameuntil1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,SamuelShelton,ofKent,England,changedthenametothepresenttitle.

Thesociety’sbeliefisthis:thattheearthisflat,withthelandmassesgroupedaroundthecentralpointoftheNorthPole.

TheAntarcticregionisnotthecompactislandmassitiscommonlybelievedtobebutanimpenetrableice-coldgirdle(环形物)aroundtheearth.TheFlatEarthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.Explorers,misledbyinstrumentfaults,merelytraveledanicyarewithinthegirdle.

1.TotheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,man’sfirstlandingonthemoonwas______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthesociety?

3.Accordingtothesociety’sbelief,______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

5.Thispieceiswritten______.

问题1选项

A.oneofthemostinspiringeventsinman’shistory

B.onlyawell-conductedexperiment

C.justasmartly-performedtrick

D.ascience-fictionpieceproducedbyacertainscriptwriter

问题2选项

A.Itnowhasabout1,400members.

B.ItsheadquartersareinbothGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates.

C.Afteritsfoundationin1800,itwascalledtheZeteticSociety.

D.In1956,SamuelSheltonchangeditsnametothepresenttitle.

问题3选项

A.theearthisflatandtheArcticisanimpenetrableice-coldgirdlearoundtheearth

B.theAntarcticregionisacompactislandmass

C.someexplorershadmadesuccessfultransantarcticexpeditions

D.muchoftheacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthissheernonsense

问题4选项

A.TheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety

B.Man’sFirstLandingontheMoon

C.TheZeteticSociety

D.TheEvilsofScience

问题5选项

A.inamatter-of-factway

B.inasarcastictone

C.withatouchofirony

D.asajoke

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句ButtoasmallorganizationcalledtheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.（但是对一个叫做国际扁平地球研究协会的小组织来说，这只不过是一个巧妙的舞台管理的科幻把戏。），说明国际扁平地球研究协会认为人类首次登月是一个巧妙的把戏。因此C选项“只是一个聪明的把戏”正确。A选项“是人类历史上最鼓舞人心的事件之一”，B选项“只是一个精心设计的实验”，D选项“某位编剧制作的科幻作品”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D错误。

2.客观细节题。A选项“它现在有大约1400名成员”，由原文Thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400（该学会目前的会员人数估计约有1400人）可知，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“在1800年成立后，它被称为探究协会”，由原文Thesocietywasfoundedabout1800…wasdescendedfromtheZeteticsociety…Itsurvivedunderthisname（该协会于1800年左右在英国和美国建立……是探究派的后裔……它一直沿用这个名字）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“1956年，塞缪尔•谢尔顿将其名称改为现在的名称”，由原文until1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,SamuelShelton,ofKent,England,changedthenametothepresenttitle.（直到1956年，它的秘书长，来自英国肯特郡的塞缪尔•谢尔顿，把这个名字改为现在的名称。）可知，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“它的总部既在英国又在美国”，由原文FromitsheadquartersinLancaster,California（在位于加州兰开斯特的总部）可知，它的总部在美国，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句TheFlatEarthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.（扁平地球论者认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过。），说明该协会不认同地球是一个球体的观点。因此D选项“关于地球形状的许多公认的现代思维完全是无稽之谈”正确。A选项“地球是平的，北极地区是围绕地球的一个不可逾越的冰冷带”，由原文可知，他们指的是南极地区，所以A错误。B选项“南极地区是一个紧凑的岛群”，由原文可知，他们认为南极地区并不像人们通常认为的那样是一个紧凑的岛群，所以B错误。C选项“一些探险家曾成功地进行过跨南极探险”，由原文可知，他们认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过，所以C错误。

4.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先引入了国际扁平地球研究协会这个组织，接着介绍了他们的一系列观点。因此A选项“国际扁平地球研究协会”符合文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。B选项“人类首次登月”，C选项“探究学会”只涉及到了文章的部分内容，不能概括文章主旨，所以B,C错误。D选项“科学的弊端”，这是国际扁平地球研究协会的一个观点，不符合文章主旨，所以D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，作者看似客观地陈述了该协会的观点，但文章一开始就正面阐明了登月属于鼓舞人心的科学成就，而该协会却持有相反观点，暗含了作者的讽刺之意。因此C选项“带有讽刺意味”正确。A选项“以实事求是的方式”，B选项“以讽刺的口吻”，D选项“作为一个笑话”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。

8.单选题

Itisknowntoallthatchildreninthisregionhavestrong（）toswimminginsummer

becauseofthehotweather.

问题1选项

A.inclination

B.exposure

C.flux

D.correlation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。inclination倾向；exposure暴露；flux涨潮；熔化；correlation相互关

系，相关性。句意:由于夏天天热，这个地区的孩子对于游泳都有强烈的。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Bothversionsofthemyth一theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconfrontingsocietycouldbeplayedout—figuredprominentlyinthehistoriesandessaysofyoungTheodoreRoosevelt，thepaintingsandsculpturesofartistFredericRemington,andtheshortstoriesandnovelsofwriterOwenWister.ThesethreeyoungmembersoftheeasternestablishmentspentmuchtimeintheWestinthe1880s,andeachwasintenselyaffectedbytheadventure.Allthreehadfeltthwartedbytheconstraintsandenervatinginfluenceofthegenteelurbanworldinwhichtheyhadgrownup,andeachwentWesttoexperiencethephysicalchallengesandmoralsimplicitiesextolledinthedimenovels.WhenRooseveltarrivedin1884attheranchhehadpurchasedintheDakotaBadlands,heatonceboughtaleatherscout’suniform,completewithfringedsleevesandleggings.

EachmanalsofoundintheWestpreciselywhathewaslookingfor.ThefrontierthatRooseveltglorifiedinsuchbooksasTheWinningoftheWest(fourvolumes,1889-1896),andthattheprolificRemingtonportrayedinhiswork,wasastarkphysicalandmoralenvironmentthatstrippedawayallsocialartificeandtestedanindividual’strueabilityandcharacter.DrawingonapopularversionofEnglishscientistCharlesDarwin’sevolutionarytheory,whichcharacterizedlifeasastruggleinwhichonlythefittestandhastsurvived,RooseveltandRemingtonexaltedthedisappearingfrontierasthelastoutpostofanhonestandtruesocialorder.

ThisversionofthefrontiermythreacheditsapogeeinOwenWister’senormouslypopularnovelTheVirginian(1902)，laterreincarnatedasa1929GaryCoopermovieanda1960stelevisionseries.InWister’staletheelemental,physicalandsocialenvironmentoftheGreatPlainsproducesindividualslikehisunnamedcowboyhero,“theVirginian”，anhonest,strong,andcompassionateman,quicktohelptheweakandfightthewicked.TheVirginianisoneofnature’saristocrats—ill-educatedandunsophisticatedbutuptight,steady,anddeeplymoral.TheVirginiansumsuphisownmoralcodeindescribinghisviewofGod’sjustice:“Heplaysasquaregamewithus.”ForWister,asforRooseveltandRemington,thecowboywastheChristianknightonthePlains,indifferenttomaterialgainasheheldvirtue,pursuedjustice,andattackedevil.

Needlesstosay,thewesternmythinallitsformswasfarremovedfromtheactualrealityoftheWest.CriticsdelightedinpointingoutthatnoonesceneinTheVirginianactuallyshowedthehardphysicallaborofthecattlerange.TheidealizedversionoftheWestalsoglossedoverthedarkerundersideoffrontierexpansion—thebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare,theforcedremovaloftheIndianstoreservations,theracistdiscriminationagainstMexican-Americansandblacks,therisksandperilsofcommercialagricultureandcattlegrowing,andtheboom-and-bustmentalityrootedintheselfishexploitationofnaturalresources.

1.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemainreasonfortheauthortomentionTheodoreRoosevelt,FredericRemingtonandOwenWister?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesTheVirginian？

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemythoftheWestis

NOTtrue?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthepassageis（）

5.WhatisprobablythereasonforpeopletomakeupalegendaryWest?

问题1选项

A.Theyglorifiedthefrontierlife.

B.Theywereconstrainedbythegenteelurbanworld.

C.TheyspentmuchtimeintheWest.

D.Theywerefamousmembersoftheeasternestablishment.

问题2选项

A.ItisthebestWesternmovieevermadeinHollywood.

B.ItisapopularnovelwrittenbyOwnWisterandTheodoreRoosevelt.

C.Itgivesanaccuratedepictionofthefrontierexperience.

D.ItisoneofthemostsuccessfulbooksabouttheWest.

问题3选项

A.Inoneidealizedview,theWestwasaplaceonecanescapefromsocietyanditspressures.

B.Inoneversionofthemyth,westernfrontiersmanwasdepictedasafiguredeeplyimmersedinsocietyanditsconcerto.

C.Somewritersportrayedthewesternwildernessasasimpleandinnocentsociety.

D.TheextremehardshipofthefrontierlifeisonepowerfulthemeofthelegendaryWest.

问题4选项

A.toperpetuatethemythabouttheWest

B.tointroducethefamouswritersandpaintersoftheWest

C.todistinguishthemythoftheWestandtheactualreality

D.topresentthebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare

问题5选项

A.Theylikedtomakeupstories.

B.Theybelievedwhattheyportrayedweretheactualreality.

C.TheyclungtothemythoftheWestasanuncomplicated,untaintedEdenofsocialsimplicity,andmoralclarityinaneraofunsettlingsocialtransformation.

D.TheywantedtomakeprofitbyluringpeopletotheWest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题干：下面哪一个可能是作者提到TheodoreRoosevelt、FredericRemington和OwenWister的主要原因？由关键词定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到，这三人都是传扬西部神话的作家和艺术家，他们的作品都对西部进行了美化。因此A选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下面哪个陈述最能描述《弗吉尼亚人》？TheVirginian出现在第三段第一句。A选项的bestWesternmovie与原文“a1929…moive”不符合；文中没有提到TheodoreRoosevelt与小说有关，所以排除B选项；C选项的thefrontierexperience与“thefrontiermyth”不符合，因此排除C选项。这本书成功塑造了西部神话，是最成功的关于西部的书之一，因此D选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，下列哪个关于西方神话的陈述是不正确的？选项A对应本文第一段第一句“”；B选项对应第三段第二句；C选项对应第二段第二句；最后一段提到，《弗吉尼亚人》没有提到theextremehardship，因此D是不对的。

4.主旨题。题干：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是______。全文讲述了西部神话的发展历程和成功，也说到了西部神话和西部现实之间的区别。不是介绍著名西部作家和艺术家，因此排除B选项。文章只有最后提到了部分D选项的内容，不能代表主旨。因此C选项符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题干：人们为什么要组成一个传奇的西部？文章第二段提到，人们在西部找到了自己正在追寻的事物。在混乱的社会转型时代，西部被认为是纯粹且未受污染的伊甸园。因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Thepersonheinterviewedwas（）hisformerschoolmate.

问题1选项

A.nootherthan

B.nomorethan

C.noneotherthan

D.nonetheless

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项nootherthan“不是别的…；正是…”；B选项nomorethan“不过；仅仅”；C选项noneotherthan“不是别的…；正是…”；D选项nonetheless“仍然，还是”。句意：他采访的人正是他以前的同学。因此A和C都符合句意，但在现代英语中nootherthan不太常用，且多用于指物，而常用noneotherthan来指人，故本题选C。

11.单选题

Onecan’tbeapersonwithuprightfacialfeaturesiffilledwithenvyinhisheart,i