英语写作基础知识培训教程

49/49HYPERLINK"/"英语写作基础教程ABasicCourseinWriting

主讲:Priscillapan

教学大纲

一.教学对象

本课程的教学对象是高等专科英语专业的学生或具有同等水平的自学者._

二.教学目的与要求

通过本课程的教学,使学生初步掌握英语写作技能,学会用英文写叙述,讲明性的短文和一般性应用文.

(1)用英文写叙述,讲明性的短文:要求学生能依照命题列出作文提纲,在1小时内写出许多于200词的短文,内容切题,完整,条理清晰,语句连贯穿顺,语法差不多正确.

(2)用英文写一般性的应用文:要求学生能依照提示写出知,贺卡,便条,申请书,邀请函,简历,格式正确,语言得体._

三.教学安排

本课程3个学分,在一个学期内开设,每周3学时,共计54学时._

四.教学内容

本课程要紧教学内容如下:

(1)文稿格式;

(2)句子结构;

(3)构段方式;

(4)谋篇布局;

(5)摘要;

(6)应用文._

五.教学原则

(1)在教学过程中,要充分考虑成人学习的特点和本课程的特点,注重对学生遣词造句这两种能力的培养;

(2)在教学过程中,教师应以指导学生自学为主,以电视教学和课堂教学为辅,采纳多种教学手段对学生进行写作训练._

六.测试_

实行全国统一的闭卷考试.考试采纳百分制,60分及格.

实施方案

一,课时安排

____"英语写作基础"课内总学时为54小时,课外练习时数为54小时.

二,具体学习安排_

__(一)差不多技能的学习:6课时,要求掌握标点符号的用法.

__(二)句子的写作:9课时,要求掌握句子统一性,连贯性,重点突出的写作技巧.

__(三)段落的写作:6课时,要求掌握段落统一性的写作,学会主题句和扩展句的运用.

__(四)一般性文章和应用文的写作:30课时,要求掌握差不多应用文的写作,这是本课程的重点部分(具体内容附后).

__(五)期末复习:3课时,全面复习本学习的教学内容,模拟考试.

三,教学意见_

___1)作文课应该以教师讲解,学生练习为主.

___2)授课重点应该放在写作技能技巧的训练上,理论知识能够适当少讲.

___3)有条件的分校能够充分利用网上资源和现代技术设备,利用互联网上的英语写作网站扩大学生的阅读两;利用视频展示台把学生所写的优秀文章向全班批改,也能够讲普遍性的问题;等等.

考试题型

一,考试题型与要求

___本课程的考试依据教学大纲的要求,重点考查应用文写作和一般文体的写作.考试为闭卷考试,总分为100分.

_____1.应用文写作

___依照提示写一个许多于50词的通知和一个许多于100词的便条,要求语言通顺,用词得体,格式正确.满分为30分;

_____2.命题作文

___依照所给题目及写作提纲或规定场景等,写一篇许多于200词的作文,要求符合文章类型特点,内容切题,语言通顺.满分为70分.

二,考试模拟试题

一,Writeanoticeintotheboxaccordingtothefollowingfacts:(10分)

____乒乓球赛

___地点:1号球室:

___北京商业学校对北京语言文化大学

___时刻:5月8日用六下午五时

二,Writeanotebasedonthegivenfacts:(20分):

____时刻:6月9月

____对象:Prof.Stone_

____内容:对不起,不能赴3点的约会.我的论文由,于被朋友锁上了,不能带来.我不知他何时返回.假如方便,我能在明日下午五时在系办公室见您吗若不行,请明早特便条放在我的信箱里,信箱号606.感谢._

____留言者:吴敏

三,Writeanessayofnofewerthan200words:(70分):

________Title:_QualificationofaGoodUniversityStudent

________Aids:

________FirstParagraph:_Yourpointofviewofbeingagooduniversitystudent

________SecondParagraph:Whatmakesagooduniversitystudent(withsomeexamples)

________ThirdParagraph:_Conclusion

平常作业

英语写作基础平常作业(大作业)共四次,要紧检查同学们对英语应用文写作的掌握情况.__

1)完成P125页Exercise1(NoticeWriting)

2)完成P126页Exercise3(NoteWriting)

3)完成P126页Exercise4(LettersWriting)

4)完成P126页Exercise5(resumesWriting)___

另外,任课教师能够依照教学内容,适当补充写作练习.

GeneralRemarksonWriting

_Writing_makesanexactman.

_Greatuseandpopularity

_NeedingMuchKnowledge

_UsefulforReadingandSpoken

_GreatDifficultiesaswell

TargetsofthisCourse

Attheendofthiscourse,youshouldbeable:

_tousethepunctuationmarkscorrectly;

_towritecorrectsentences;

_towritemoreeffectivesentences;

_tocomposeafullessay;

_towriteapracticalessaylikeanote,aletter,oranoticeetc.

Arrangement

_IWritingthetitle

IILeavingthemargins

IIIParagraphing

IVCapitalization

VDividingwords

Writingthetitle

Beplacedinthemiddleofthefirstline

Everywordofthetitleshouldbecapitalized

Nofullstopshouldbeusedattheendofatitle

Margins

A.leavemarginsatthetopandbottomandonthesideofeachpage.Neverwriteonafullpage.

B.leftsidemarginshouldbewideriftheworkistobebound.

C.Forstudents,itisadvisabletowriteoneveryotherline.

Paragraphing

A.Indentation(Space)

………………..

………………..

………………..

………………..

………………..

B.Block

………………..

………………..

………………..

………………..

………………..

Handwriting

Regrettably,anEnglishwriterisnotsoconcernedwiththeaestheticsinhandwritingasaChinesewriteris.Beneatandlegible.

A.Makeyour"t"sdifferentfromyour"e"s;

B.Makeyour"r"sdifferentfromyour"v"s;

C.Ifcrossoutaword,nobracketsbutathicklineacrossit;

D.Ifaddaword,writeitabove,notbelow;

E.Twocommonwaysofwritingtheletters:formloopsandprint

Syllabification

Whenyouhappennottohaveenoughroomtowriteawholewordinattheendofaline:

A.Ifthewordismonosyllabic,pleasewriteitinanextline;

B.Ifthewordispolysyllabic,youmaybesyllabifyitifyoufeelnecessary

Howtosyllabifyaword

Justsplittingawordthenahyphenthentheotherpartoftheword.

occupation:oc-cu-pa-tion

(Don'tsplititlikethis:occ-upa-tion)

Nowadays,acomputerdealswiththisproblemsautomatically

AbbreviationsandNumerals

Abbreviationsshortensomewords,titlesandlongnames.Theyareusedinadvertisingandinformaloccasions.

1)Besuretousethembeforeyouknow.

2)Besureofthedots(.).

Abbreviations

1)___Beforenames(familynames),titlesareabbreviated:

Mr.GreenMs.AdellaDr.Bethune

2)___Titlesofacademics,governmentofficials,andpriestcanbeabbreviated,followedbythefullname:

Prof.LiGov.HenryFordSen.Robert

3)_____Academicdegreesandfamilydesignationsprecededbyfullnamescanbeabbreviated:

RobertSmith,Ph.D.JohnJonesJr./Sr.

4)Namesofwell-knownorganizations,firms,places,andlongtechnicaltermscanbeabbreviatedbyusingtheinitiallettersofthewords:

UNESCOFBIWHOTOEFLGATT

5)_____Timedesignationswhenusedwithspecificnumbersareabbreviated:

135B.C.6:00a.m.

6)Wordsreferringtoportionsofaddresscanbeabbreviatedwhentheyappearinaddressonenvelopes,letterheadings,orinsideaddresses:

Rd.Dept.Pro.P.R.C.

Capitalization

1)Theuseofcapitalizationisuniqueandimportantinwriting.

(1)ThechinamadeinChinaisfirstclass.

(2)heboughtthatarticleofjapaninJapan.

(3)TheirchildwasshanghaiedinShanghai.

(4)Johnwantedtogotothejohn.

(5)TheturkeyhereisnotasgoodasinTurkey._

2)Thecapitalizationisusedinthefollowing10aspects:

(1)thebeginningofasentence

Wonderful!

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Canyouhearmeattheback

Capitalization

(2)Forthefirstletterineachlineofapoem.

TheArrowandtheSong

Ishotanarrowintothesky,

(3)Thefirstletterofadirectedquotation/speech:

"Whoisondutytoday"theteacherasked.

"Don'tworry,"hesaid,tryingtocomfortme."Wewillhelpyoumakeupforthelessons."

(cf."Tobefrankwithyou,"hesaid,"youshouldnothavetoldhimthat."

Capitalization

(4)Thefirstlettersoftheessentialwordsinpropernouns(namesofpeople,countries,organizationshistoricalevents,planes,etc.)

DarwinShakespeare

ChinaJesusChrist

theGreatWalltheRedCross

Boeing747

(5)Thefirstlettersofdesignationofrelativesbeforefamilynames:

UncleGeogeAuntMaggie

NieceMaryGrandmaLee

Capitalization

(6)Almostallabbreviationsexcepta.m.,p.m.,etc.,e.g.,c/o,i.e.,tec

(7)thefirstletterofessentialwordintrademarks,servicesigns,posts,greetings,etc.

InformationDeskHandsOff

OpenStrictlyNoSmoking

(祝你生日欢乐!)

Happybirthdaytoyou!

HappyBirthdaytoyou!

(8)thetitleofallsignificantwordsinthetitleofatheme,article,essay.newspaper,periodical.Butaformwordoflessthanfivelettersisnotcapitalizedunlessitbeginsthetitle.

JaneEyreGonewiththeWind

MyCollegeLife

Capitalization

(9)thefirstletterofthesalutationandcomplimentarycloseinaletter:

DearSir,DearMr.Evans,

Sincerelyyours,Yours,

(10)thefirstletterofthewordsofthedaysofaweek,themonth,andthemajorwordsofholidays:

Punctuation

MainPunctuationmarks

1.theperiod(.)

2.thequestionmark()

3.theexclamationpoint(!)

4.thecomma(,)

5.thesemicolon(;)

6.thecolon(:)

7.brackets([])

8.thequotationmarks(""'')

9.parentheses(())

10.Thedash(―)

11.ellipsispoints(…)

ThePeriod(.)

1.Theperiod(fullstop)isusedattheendofadeclarativesentence,amildlyimperativesentence,andanindirectquestion.

Honestyisthebestpolicy.

Handinyourhomework,please..

Theperiodmarkstheendofasentence.Thewordafteritbeginsanewsentenceandhastobecapitalized.

ShegraduatedfromOxfordUniversity.Sheachievedgreatsuccessinherstudiesthere.

2.Theperiodisusedwithmostabbreviations.

Butsomepeopleprefernottousetheperiodwithabbreviations.TheyjustwriteMr,Ms,etc.Namesofwell-knownorganizations,broadcastingcorporationsareoftenwrittenwithoutperiods,likeUN,UNESCO,NATO,VOA,BBC.

3.Threespacedperiodmaketheellipsismark,whichindicatestheomissionofoneormorewordswithinaquotedpassage,orpausesinspeech;

Um…Ithink,um…sheisum…prettyum…hardworking.

TheComma(,)

1.Acommaisusedtojoincoordinate.Itisputbeforetheconjunction(and,but,or,for,so,nor,or,yet,):

Wewantedtogoon,butotherpeopledisappeared.

Hetriedhard,yethefailedtoconvinceher.

Weshouldrememberthatcoordinateclauseshavetobejoinedwithacommaandaconjunction.OnecommaalonecannotdothejobthoughitispossibleinChinese.

Samisfouryearsold,heisquitebright.

Samisfouryearsold,andheisquitebright.

Usingacommatolinktwoclausesisacommonmistake,whichhasaname:thecommafaultorthecommasplice.Butwecanuseasemicolon,adash,oracolonbetweentwocoordinateclauses.

Samisfouryearsold;heisquitebright.

Samisveryhappy:he'sgotthefirstprize.

TheComma(,)

2.Acommaisusedafteranadverbialclauseorphrase.

Whentherainstopped,wecontinuedtoworkinthefields.

Onhearingthenews,shewentfaint.

Somelisteners,boredbythelengthytalk,closedtheireyesanddozed.

3.Commasareusedtoseparateaseriesofwordsorphraseswiththesamefunctioninthesentence.

Thecommabeforetheconjunctionandlastitemisoptional.Itcanbeomittedthereisnodangerofmisreading.

Thechildrensang,danced,jumped,andchasedeachother.

4.Nonrestrictiveclausesandphrasesaresetoffbycommas.

Restrictiveclausesandphrasesarenotsetoffbycommas.

Thespeaker,afterglancingathisnotes,begantotalkaboutthenextpoint.

TheComma(,)

5.Indates,acommaisusedtoseparatethedayandtheyeariftheorderismonth-day-year;nocommaneedbeusediftheorderisday-month-year.

HongKongwasreturnedtoChinaonJuly1,1997.

Shewasbornon15September1980.

6.Withnumbersover1,000ormore,commasorlittleblankspacesmaybeusedtoseparatedigitsbythousands.Fromrighttoleft,acommaisplacedaftereverythreenumerals.

12,221,54853,507,214

ThequestionMarks()

1.Thequestionmarkisusedafteradirectquestion.

DoyouknowMr.Smith

"Couldyoupleaseexplaintomethemeaningofthissentence"sheasked.

2.Thequestionmarkisusedafterastatementturnedintoaquestion(saidinarisingtune).

YoulikeitYouwanttobuyit

ThefirsttimetotheUnitedStates

3.Aquestionmarkputbetweenparenthesesindicatesthewriter'suncertaintyaboutthecorrectnessoftheprecedingword,figureordate.

CaoXueqingwasbornin1715(),anddiedinpovertyin1764().

TheExclamationMark(!)

1.Theexclamationmarkisusedafteranexclamatorysentence,oranemphaticinterjection,oraphraseexpressingstrongemotion.

Wow!Whatbeautifulflowers!

Help!

Itisonfire!

Theexclamationmarkindicatesstrongemphasisandthereforeitshouldbeusedsparingly.Itispreferabletocloseamildinterjectionwithacommaoraperiod.

(Donotuseitfrequently!)

2.Sometimestheexclamationmarkisusedafteraslogan.

LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!

NATOOut!

TheSemicolon(;)

1.Thesemicolonisusedbetweentwocoordinateclauseswhicharenotlinkedbyaconjunction.

Wewantedtogoon,butotherpeopledisappeared.

Shewasinterestedinhistoryyearsago;todayhermaininterestisart.

Eachoftheabovetwosentencescanbeturnedintotwoseparatesentenceswithoutanychangeinmeaningexceptsomelackofclosenessinthem.

2.Conjunctiveadverbsliketherefore,however,nonetheless,hence,otherwise,besides,moreover,etc.,shouldnotbeusedasconjunctionstolinktwocoordinateclauses.Beforethemthereshouldbeasemicolon,notacomma.

Hepromisedtocomethemeeting;however,shewouldbeencaughtinthestorm.

3.Thesemicolonisusedwithconjunctionswhentheclausescontaininternalpunctuation.

4.Acommaisusedtoseparateaseriesofitemswithinternalcommas.

TheColon(:)

1.Thecolonisusedtointroduceaquotationorastatement.

Itwilldoeveryonegoodtorememberthisoldsaying:"Onewillknowthathedoesnotknowenoughafterhebeginstolearn."

2.ThSentenceWriting

Requirementsforacorrectsentence:

Itshouldbestructurallycomplete.

Itshouldbeginwithacapitalletter.

Itshouldendwithafullstop,oraquestionmark,oranexclamationmark.

Itshouldexpressasinglecompleteidea.

CorrectSentences

CompletenessinStructure

Agrammaticallycompletesentenceisonethatcontainsatleastasubjectandapredicateverb(谓语动词)anditbeginswithacapitalletterandendswithafullstop.

Iftheverbistransitive(及物动词),theremustbeanobject;iftheverbisalinkverb(系动词),theremustbeapredicative(表语)orcomplement(补语).

Examples

(√)WehavealessononMondaynight.

(√)Tothinkaboutthegiftmakesmehappy.

(√)Afterthismeal,theywerereadytosetout.

(×)Hopingshewouldaccepthisapology.

(×)Aschoolthatwasabadexperience.

(×)Withnodifferenceexceptthecolor.

TheRightSubject

1)Notknowinghisname,itwasdifficulttointroducehim.

2)Tolookatamap,theimportanceoftheroadisseen.

3)Stuckinthemud,theyhadtopushthecar.

Intheabovesentencesthesubjectsarenotproperlyrelatedtothegerunds,participlesorinfinitiveinthefirstpartsofthesentences.

AgreementBetweenS.(subject)&P.(predicateverb)

Thepredicateverbofasentencehastoagreewiththesubjectinpersonandnumber.

Collectivenounslikefamilyandaudiencemaybeeithersingularorplural,dependingonthemeaninginwhichtheyareused.Ifyouthinkoffamily,government,etc.asonewhole,asingularverbisneeded.Ifyouthinkofthemasmadeupofanumberofpeople,apluralverbisneeded.

ThewholefamilyaregoingoutforBBQ.

Thisfamilyisthehappiestoneinourtown.

Thereisagreataudienceintheplayground.

Theaudienceareshockedbythenews.

Whentwosubjectsrefertodifferentpersonsoraredifferentinnumber,theverbshouldagreewiththesubjectclosetoit.

Neitherhenoryouarearrivingattherighttime.

Thereisapenandfourbooksonthedesk.

Wordsaftertogetherwith,inadditionto,besides,etc.,areobjectsofprepositions;theydonotaffectthenumberofthesubject.

Theplays,aswellasthecaptain,wantverymuchtowin.

Asubjectclausegenerallytakesasingularverb,butawhat-clausewhichclearlyreferstomanythingscantakeapluralverb.

Howhemanagestodoitremainsamystery.

Whathewantedtoknowwerethepay,thelivingandworkingconditions.

AgreementBetweenPronoun&Antecedent

Justasthepredicateverbofasentencehastoagreewiththesubjectinpersonandnumber,soapronounhastoagreewithitsantecedent.

Afteracompoundantecedentwithor,nor,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,apronounagreeswiththenearerpartoftheantecedent.

Asingularpronounfollowsacollectivenounantecedentwhenthemembersofthegroupareconsideredasaunit;apluralpronoun,whentheyarethoughtofindividually.

Thejurywasaskedtoreturntotheirseats.

Forsuchsingularantecedentsaseach,either,neither,one,noone,everyone,someone,anyone,nobody,everybody,somebody,andanybody,whichmayrefertobothmaleandfemale,sheorhe,hisorher,himorher,orthepreferredpluralpronounsthey,theirorthemareused.

ClearPronounReference

1)Shetoldmysisterthatherideawaspractical.

2)Leaveoutthewordinthatsentencebecauseitistoodifficult.

Weusepersonalpronounsveryoften.Theyseemtobeeasy,buttheyshouldbeusedwithcare.Webeginnersoftenmakemistakesinusing"it".

Endingsentences

withfullstops

TojointwoormorecompletesentenceswithcommasmaybepossibleinChinese,butitiswronginEnglish.Whenasentenceisstructurallycomplete,whetherlongorshort,itshouldendwithafullstop.

Forexample:

HewentoutonSunday.Hemethisfriendinthestreet.Theytalkforawhile.Thentheysaid"goodbye".

WhenhewentoutonSunday,hemethisfriendinthestreet.Theytalkforawhileandthentheysaid"goodbye".

Joiningclauseswithconjunction

Whentwoormoresentencesarecloselyconnectedinmeaning,itmaybebettertoputthemintoonesentencethanseparatethem.Thenthosesentenceswillbecomeclauseswhichshouldbejoinedtogetherwithproperconjunctionsorotherwords,likerelativepronouns.

Weshoulddistinguishbetweenconjunctionsandadverbs,suchasbutandhowever,soandtherefore.Wecanjoincoordinateclauseswithacommaandaconjunction,orwithasemicolon,orwithasemicolonandanadverb.

Momwashedthedishes;andIdriedandputthemaway.

Someofthefoodcropsfailed,butthecottondidquitewell.

Someofthefoodcropsfailed;however,thecottondidquitewell.

Amainclauseinacomplexsentence

Inacomplexsentencetheremustbeamainclause,whetheritisatthebeginning,inthemiddleorattheendofthesentence.

Properuseofcomparisons

Adjectivesoradverbsofthecomparativedegreeshouldbeusedonlywhenthereisacomparison.

Weshouldnotuseadjectivesoradverbsofthecomparativedegreewhenthereisnocomparison,explicitorimplied.

Inaddition,weshouldrememberthatonlythingsofthesamekindcanbecompared.

Forexample:

Thiscourseseemsmoredifficult.

China'spopulationislargerthanIndia's.

AftermanyyearsBillrememberedmebetterthanCarldid.

CorrectUseofTense

Wheneverwemakeasentence,weshouldaskourselveswhenthethingmentionedhappens,andtherighttensetoreportit.

1)Hetold/tellsmethatheismuchbetternow.

2)ShereturnedthebookIlend/lenttoheryesterday.

3)Lasttimewesawafilm,anditis/wasagoodone.

TypesofSentence

Accordingtotheiruse,wehave―

1)declarativesentences.(陈述句)

2)interrogativesentences.

(疑问句)

3)imperativesentences.

(祈使句)

4)exclamationsentences.(感叹句)

Accordingtotheirstructure,wehave―

simplesentences.(简单句)

2)compoundsentences.(并列句)

3)complexsentences.(复合句)

4)compound-complexsentences.

(并列复合句)

TypesofSentence

Fromarhetorical(修辞)pointofview,wehave―

1)loosesentences.(松散句)

2)periodicsentences.(工整句)

3)balancedsentences.(对杖句)

4)Shortandlongsentences(长短句)

Coordination(并列)andSubordination(从属)

Whenwementiontwoormorethingsorideasofequalimportance,weoftenusecoordinateclausesjoinedwithacoordinatingconjunction(and,but,or,nor,yet,so,orfor).(coordination)

Whenweexpressanimportantideainamainclauseandoneormorelessimportantideasinsubordinateclauses,weareusingthemethodofsubordination.

Thechoiceofcoordinationorsubordinationsmainlydecidedbytherelationshipbetweentheideastobeexpressed.

EffectiveSentences

Unity(统一性)

Coherence(连贯性)

Conciseness(简洁性)

Emphasis(有重点性)

Variety(多样性)

Unity(统一性)

Unityisthefirstqualityofaneffectivesentence.Itreferstotwoqualities:thereisonlyonemainideainasentence,andthatideaiscomplete.

Ideasthatarecloselyconnectedcanbeexpressedinonesentence,whileideasthatarenotcloselyconnectedshouldnotbeputintoonesentence.

1)_BorninasmalltowninSouthChinaintheearly50s,hegrewuptobeafamousmusician.(×)

2)_HeisfromHebei,andIam22yearsoldnow.(×)

Coherence(连贯性)

Coherencemeansclearandreasonableconnectionbetweenparts.Asentenceiscoherencewhenitswordsorpartsareproperlyconnectedandtheirrelationshipclear.

Donotseparatewordsthatarecloselyrelated;

Donotuseapronounwithambiguousreference;

Donotuseadanglingmodifier;

Donotmakeconfusingshiftinpersonandnumber;

Donotmakeunnecessarychangesintense,voice,ormood.

Donotusedifferentformstoexpressparallelideas.

Forexample:

1)Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds(bywhathedoes).

2)Wethoughtshewascharming,intelligent,andaverycapableyoungwoman(acharming,intelligentandcapableyoungwoman).

3)Afterlisteningtothespeaker'sinspiringspeech,manyquestionswereraised.(weraisedmanyquestions.)

4)_Shetoldmysisterthatshe(whoisshe)waswrong.

5)_Hewasknockeddownbyabike,butit()wasnotserious.

6)_readaninterestingstoryinamagazineaboutsportsmen.(notasentenceatall)

Conciseness(简洁性)

Asentenceshouldcontainnounnecessarywords.Iftheideaiffullyexpressed,thefewerwordsareused,thebetter.

Useapronouninsteadofrepeatinganoun.

Useawordinsteadofaphrasewiththesamemeaning,anduseaphraseinsteadofaclausewiththesamemeaning.

Donotrepeatwordsorphrases,ifpossible,inasentenceorinonethatfollow.

Donotusedifferentwordsorphraseswithsimilarmeaningsinthesamesentence.

Donotrepeatthesameideaindifferentsentencesexceptforemphasis.

Wordysentencesandredundantwordscanonlymakethemeaninghazyandthemainpointsinconspicuous.Itisalwaysnecessaryforustorereadwhatwehavewrittenandtrytoimproveitbysimplifyingitandmakingitmoreconcise.

Forexample:

1)MyfatherhasreturnedbackfromBeijing.

2)Itisblueincolour.

3)Inmyopinion,Ithinkyouareright.

4)Maryisaquietandcarefulwoman.

5)Mr.SmithlikestodrinkallkindsofwinethatareproducedinFrance.(Frenchwine)

6)ThelanguagelabisopentostudentsnotonlyfromEnglishDepartmentbutalsofromotherdepartmentoftheuniversity.

7)Myfatheris65yearsold,andheisaprofessorinHunanUniversity.Hehasahealthybodyofhisage.

Myfather,aprofessorof65yearsoldinHunanUniversity,enjoysthebestof_health._(用同位语改写)

Emphasis(有重点性)

Placing:

Theendandthebeginning,especiallytheend,ofasentenceusuallyattractreaders'attention,soimportantelementsofasentenceshouldbeputatthesetwoplaces,especiallytheend.

Forexample:

1)Theteachernoddedwithsatisfactionwhenhewaslisteningtoher.

Theteacher,whilelisteningtoher,keptnoddingwithsatisfaction.

2)Theplanecircledaroundtheairportfortenminutesandthendisappearedintheclouds.

Aftercirclingaroundtheairportfortenminutes,theplanedisappearedintheclouds.

Climacticsequence

Inenumeratingthingsorideas,weshouldstartfromtheleastimportantandendwiththemostimportant,orintheclimacticsequence.

Forexample:

Hesaidhehadlostinterestinlife,fame,positionandmoneyafterthattragedy.

Hesaidaftertragedyhehadlostinterestinmoney,position,fame,andevenlife.

Theuseofverbsintheactivevoice

Verbsaregenerallymoreemphaticthannounsoranyotherpartofspeech.

Forexample:

Theworkwasfinishedbythemlastnight.

Th