考研考博-英语-四川电子机械职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川电子机械职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ourteacherwasusuallyverykindsothathissudden（）greatlysurprisedus.

问题1选项

A.heartiness

B.unhappiness

C.harshness

D.uprightness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项heartiness“热心；诚实”；B选项unhappiness“不幸福”；C选项harshness“严厉；严肃”；D选项uprightness“正直”。句意：我们老师平常很和气，因此突然……起来让我们大吃一惊。有转折应选反义词汇最为合适，故选C。

2.单选题

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecityforthefirsttime,theywere_____byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.precluded

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preclude“排出，消除，妨碍”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑”；C选项divert“使转移”；D选项expire“期满”。根据thefirsttime和complicatedtrafficsystem可知B选项符合语义。句意：当农民们第一次参观这座城市时，他们被它复杂的交通系统弄糊涂了。

3.单选题

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

问题2选项

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

问题3选项

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

问题4选项

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

问题5选项

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美国资本市场的高回报源于资本的高生产率和市场的效率。社会保障信托基金对私人资本市场的投资将损害美国经济表现的这两个来源；资本的生产效率将降低，市场的效率也将降低)。因此，B项“对市场效率可能产生负面影响”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界银行在全球范围内进行的一项研究发现，与私人管理的养老基金投资相比，它们的年回报率普遍较低)。因此C项“没有达到政府的预期目标”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率)。由此可知B项“政府对经济的更多参与可能会阻碍经济增长”正确。

第4题:观点态度题。文章开头指出允许政府进行信贷投资的目的是利用私人资本市场的高额投资回报。然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报。并且在结尾部分进一步指出了政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率。可以看出文章作者的语气是在批评政府所采取的社会保障基金投资政策。故选D项。

第5题:细节事实题。A:政府政策推动了政府投资，并让经济走上正轨。B:政府在经济方面的投资最终减慢经济增长。C:政府支持项目的投资是错误的。D:如果政府投资股市，或许收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报)。由此可知A项错误。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，这有可能反过来导致相应政策的制定，这种政策进而会减慢经济增长)。因此B项正确。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是对政府债券大力投资，其回报远低于对股市之类的投资)。因此D项正确。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(这种投资的结果还是回报率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事实上，这种投资经常赔钱)。因此C项符合原文所述。故此题选A。

4.单选题

Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluencethesecountriesdevelopmentof（）industry.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.sophisticated

C.primitive

D.collective

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。complicated"复杂的,难懂的";sophisticated"精密的,尖端的";primitive"原始的,早期的";collective"集体的,共同的"。句意：发展中国家髙技术人才的外流,将会严重影响这些国家尖端工业的发展。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenceswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

52.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

53.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen（）.

54.Thethirdparagraph（）.

55.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

问题1选项

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

问题2选项

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen’sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

问题3选项

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwithfirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

问题4选项

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearlierparagraphs

C.supportthefirst.sentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】52.判断推理题。根据文章关键词定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子对其性别角色的确定与他们从事某些妇女不允许从事的活动的权利或能力有关）。从此句可知，男人们很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通过一些方式来把握和巩固这个地位，因此C选项“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子汉气概’”正确。A选项“对自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，没有提及；B选项“在求爱中采取主动”，亦没有提及；D选项“往往比女人更不道德”，文章没有具体说明。

53.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemof...doubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.（有大量的出版物是关于持续的对妇女的家庭束缚，关于男性为他们迄今所接受的优势建立的复杂的防御体系，有时以排除在各种职业和社交团体之外的明显形式出现，有时，更微妙的形式是，对女性自命不凡的严肃程度的自动怀疑，就像人们认为的，男性在管理世界时所具有的智慧和决心。）从这段话中可以看到A选项“阻止妇女从事某种职业”；B选项“暗自羡慕女人的智慧和决心”以及D选项“禁止妇女参加某些俱乐部和社团”都是文段中有提到的，只有C选项“怀疑女性是否真的想在商业上取得成功”是没有提及的，因此C选项当选。

54.判断推理题。第一段讲述的是男性会通过阻止妇女进入某个领域或从事某项壮举来保证他们的男子气概，而第三段说Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（关于妇女继续受到家庭奴役和男子围绕其迄今为止公认的优势所建立的复杂的防御体系的出版物层出不穷，有时采取明显的形式，将妇女排除在各种职业和社交团体之外。）和第一段说的几乎都是同样的主题，因此A选项“大致同意第一段”正确。B选项“和第一段没有关系”；C选项“重复第二段的论点”以及D选项“与最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并没有谈到这方面的信息，都不正确。

55.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段结尾处作者用比较夸张的方式提到，在原始社会里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句话Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人们都持着那种从人类最原始的状态时就有的关于男人和女人社会角色的观点。）因此最后两句话形象而具体地解释了那种观点到底是什么。因此C选项“支持同一段的第一句话”正确。A选项“表明男人比女人更强大”，并没有明确说明；B选项“进一步表达最初段落的意思”，最后一段并没有继续讲述第一段的信息；D选项“否认他所表达的观点”，不正确。

6.单选题

Thestatistics（）thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.

问题1选项

A.proves

B.isproving

C.areproving

D.prove

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这些统计数据表明这个地方的生活标准在最近已经彻底地改善。

语法题。考查时态。主语为statistics(数据(复数)),句意为“数据表明”,因此此处应该用一般现在时。故选D。

7.单选题

Themilitaryoperations（）yesterdayweretargetedatthemilitaryinstallations.

问题1选项

A.propelled

B.commenced

C.plagued

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰themilitaryoperations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。

8.翻译题

2.改革开放30年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。

【答案】【参考译文】

2.AsChinaisrisingasapoliticalandeconomicworldpowerthankstoitsthree-decadereformandopeningup,moreandmorepeopleinoverseascountriesstarttolearnChineseandturntoaConfuciusInstituteintheirowncountriesastheirfirstchoicelearningChineselanguageandChineseculture.ThroughlearningChinese,theyhaveastronginterestinthisancientcivilization,whichisquitedifferentfromtheirownculture.TheyalsohavetheopportunitytolearnaboutChinesephilosophy,art,medicineandfoodculture,andexperiencetheelegantdemeanorofthisancientcivilization.

9.不定项选择题

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

问题1选项

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

问题2选项

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

问题3选项

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

问题4选项

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

问题5选项

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，适应环境的根本事实是，所有的动物和植物都有一定的能力来适应环境的变化。A选项“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意为“有适应环境的能力”，与原文相符；B选项“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意为“一次只能适应环境的一种变化”，原文没有相关表达；C选项“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意为“能成功地让自身适应环境的变化”，有一定的适应环境变化的能力，并不等于成功；D选项“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意为“能适应环境的自然变化，但不能适应人为诱导的变化”，原文未提及人为诱导的变化。因此A选项符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需要四个选项逐个分析。A选项“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意为“环境的任何变化都需要生物适应”，原文是适应与生物不适合或者致命的环境，但不是所有变化都要适应；B选项“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意为“植物和动物的相似之处多于它们的不同之处”，原文并未就动植物的相似处与不同处进行比较；C选项“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意为“随着科学的发展，术语的内涵可能会发生变化”与原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”随着知识和理解的增加，单词的意义也在变化；D选项“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意为“生物学家和生理学家本质上研究的是相同的东西”，原文没有相关表达。因此C选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。由acclimatization定位到文章第二段第一句“Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit”，因此，让我们把适应性定义为一个生物体或生物体的一部分逐渐适应一个通常不适合它或对它来说是致命的环境的过程。由此可知，适应也包括负面的适应。A选项“issimilartoadaptation”，意为“类似于适应”，与原文相反，adaptation与acclimatization是两个概念；B选项“ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas”意为“现在比以前更重要”，原文并未将过去与现在的重要性进行比较；C选项“involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment”意为“包括积极和消极的适应”与原文相符；D选项“maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism”意为“可能与一个生物体的一部分有关，但与整个生物体无关”，与原文不符，原文是生物体或生物体的一部分，因此与整个生物体有关。因此C选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。由notrequiretheprocessofacclimatization定位到文章第二段第三句“Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，这一术语不应包括我们的感觉器官不断做出的相对迅速的调整。由此可知，感官做出相对迅速的调整不属于acclimatization。A选项“anoceanfishplacedinalake”，意为“一条被放在湖里的海鱼”，B选项“askindivermakingadeepdive”意为“深潜的赤身潜水员”，C选项“anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight”意为“进行高空飞行的飞行员”，都属于相对缓慢的适应过程，因此属于acclimatization。D选项“apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom”意为“一个人从有日光的房间进入昏黑的房间”，此时我们的眼睛也就是视觉器官会立刻做出反应，所以这不属于acclimatization。因此D选项符合题意。

第5题:事实细节题。由majordistinction定位到文章第二段第二、三句“Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，总的来说，适应环境是一个相对缓慢的过程。这一术语不应包括我们的感觉器官不断做出的相对迅速的调整。由此可知，适应环境是个相对缓慢的过程，而适应是个相对快速的过程。A选项“ismoreimportantthanadaptation”意为“比适应更重要”，原文未将两者的重要性进行比较；B选项“isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid”意为“相对缓慢，适应相对快速”，符合原文；C选项“appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments”意为“适用于调整，而适应不适用于调整”，与原文不符，适应也适用于调整，如感觉器官不断做出的相对迅速的调整；D选项“isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman”意为“适用于所有动物和植物，适应只用于高等动物和人”，原文没有后半句的相关表述。因此B选项符合题意。

10.翻译题

人类建立秩序是出于必须和渴望战胜环境的挑战，这样一种有秩序的状态就称作“国家”，而“法律”就是维持国家存在的规则，时间伴随着这些由法律和秩序建立起来的安宁和平静，在时间的流逝中，经过了数世纪的进化，人类终于进入了探索他自己所在的星系的时刻，只有人类在所有的生物中的进化能被视为进步。当社会发生变革时，每个人在其所生活的大群体中的价值和权力都会增加，个人价值在人类群体从部落渐渐变成文明社会时并未减少，它反而成了统治所有人的法令的指导。

【答案】Orderwascausedbytheneedanddesiretosurvivethechallengeoftheenvironment.Thisorderlyconditioncalledthe"state",andtherolesthatmaintainedit,file"law".Withtimethepartnertothistranquility,manmarchedacrossthecenturiesofhisevolutiontothebrinkofexploringtheboundariesofhisowngalaxy.Ofalllivingorganisms,onlymanhasthecapacitytointerprethisownevolutionasprogress.Associallifechanged,theworthandrightsofeachmemberinthelargergroup,ofwhichhewasapart,increased.Asthegroupsgrewfromclanstocivilizations,thevalueoftheindividualdidnotdiminish,butbecameinsteadaguidetotherulesthatgovernallmen.

11.单选题

“Betterlatethannever”isa（

）thatisveryfamiliartomostEnglishspeakers.

问题1选项

A.plaudit

B.plenary

C.plenty

D.platitude

【答案】D

【解析】plaudit喝彩，赞美；plenary全体会议；plenty大量，充足；platitude陈词滥调。句意：“迟做总比不做好”是大多数说英语的人都很熟悉的陈词滥调。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

TheworkersofspaceshuttleDiscoverygotintothebackoftheshuttletolookfor_______intheelectronicsthatsenddatafromthesensorstoonboardcomputers.

问题1选项

A.glitches

B.suspects

C.orbiters

D.pitches

【答案】A

【解析】glitch失灵，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盘旋物，人造卫星；pitch斜度。句意：航天飞机“发现者”号上的工作人员们进入飞机的后部，寻找将数据从传感器发送到机载计算机上的电子设备的故障。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.

问题1选项

A.issome475

B.inthenorthwestof

C.whileVancouver,only200

D.evenclosertoamajorAmericancity

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】介词误用。去掉in,此处表示位于西北方向（一般用tothenorthwestofsomewhere）,shi大致方向,并非指具体位置。

14.单选题

______mapthatdatedbacktoabout3,000B.C.

问题1选项

A.Theoldestknown

B.Itwastheoldestknown

C.Knownastheoldest

D.Knowntobetheoldest

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子结构可知此处缺少主语。It做主语，was是谓语动词，theoldestknownmap是表语，datedbacktoabout3000B.C.做map的后置定语。句意：这是已知最古老的地图，大约可以追溯到公元前3000年。因此只有B项正确。

15.单选题

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.Butthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jac-quesd“OrtousMairan”,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.ThelaboratoryisintheMontefloreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.Sheenteredthelaboratoryon13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedinthenewspaper.

26.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein____.

27.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintaineditsopening-and-closingcycles____.

28.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms”(Paragraph2)probablymeans____.

29.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday____.

30.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

问题1选项

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

问题2选项

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

问题3选项

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandlive