考研考博-英语-大同师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大同师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Wedonothavea（）schoolinourinstitute.ThehighestdegreeweprovideforthestudentsisaB.A.andaB.S..

问题1选项

A.continue

B.bay

C.assistance

D.graduate

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。continue“继续”；bay“海湾”；assistance“援助，帮助”；graduateschool“研究生院”。句意：我们学校没有研究生院，我们为学生提供的最高学位是文学学士和理学学士。D项符合题意。

2.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat（）.

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat（）.

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization（）.

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof（）.

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis（）.

问题1选项

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

问题2选项

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

问题3选项

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeandharm

D.artificesthelivesofpeople

问题4选项

A.newtechnologiesandideas

B.changingeconomicsystemsandmanagement

C.relativeprosperityofWesterncountries

D.thisinevitabletideofhistory

问题5选项

A.thepromisesofAmericanmaterialwealth

B.therapidchangeinsocialsystem

C.thedisappearanceoflocalculturesandtraditions

D.theconstantmovementofpeopleacrossthelandscape

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治经济中起作用的力量。选项A符合原文。

2.根据关键词“theanti-worldTradeOrganization”定位到第二段第三句“Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...thefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.”反世贸组织的抗议活动表明并非所有人都认为全球化是一件好事。选项C与原文表述一致。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.”全球化就像所有的革命力量一样，使人民两极分化，改变他们的生活结构，并在人们内部以及人与人之间制造裂痕。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第三段第三句“TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.”他们指出，许多西方国家的相对繁荣证明了全球化的积极影响。选项C正确。

5.根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.”批评人士认为，快速的、全系统的社会变革带来了令人不安的影响。也就是说，全球化导致了社会制度的迅速变化，使人们感到不安，所以选项B正确。

3.单选题

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

问题1选项

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项disclosed“揭露的”；B选项created“创造的”；C选项disguised“伪装的”；D选项distinguished“辨别的”。句意：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧……后的预示。A选项disclosed（揭露的）不符合题意，可排除。B选项created（创造的）不符合题意，可排除。C选项正确。

4.单选题

Nowonderthatman’sgreatdreamhasbeensomedaytocontroltheweather.Thefirststep

A

B

towardcontrolis,ofcourse,knowledge,andscientistshavebeenhardatworkforyearstrying

C

tokeeptrackfortheweather.

D

问题1选项

A.Nowonder

B.man’s

C.hardatwork

D.keeptrackfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeptrackof意为“了解，记录，保持联系”。

试题答案：D;keeptrackof

5.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInnovationConsciousnessofPh.D.StudentsinChina.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.1.Importanceofinnovationconsciousnessinresearchwork;

2.CurrentsituationofinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.studentsinChina;

3.MeasurestoenhanceinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.studentsinChina.

【答案】InnovationConsciousnessofPh.D.StudentsinChina

Chinaismarchingtowardaninnovativecountry.Innovationis,sotospeak,China’snationalspirit.Withoutinnovation,Chinawouldhavenofurtherdevelopment.Inotherwords,innovationcanpromoteChina’ssocialprogressandincreaseitsproductivity.ItssocialprogressandincreaseinproductivitydependtoalargeextentonscientificinnovationofitsPh.D.candidates.Ph.D.candidates’innovationconsciousnessplaysanimportantroleindoingtheirresearchworkwell.

ThereisnogainsayingthefactthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofPh.D.candidateswithinnovationconsciousnessinChinahaveputforwardalotofinnovativeviewpointsordevelopedplentyofinnovativeproducts,whichareundoubtedlyconducivetotheconstructionofoursocialistmodernization.Butfranklyspeaking,somePh.D.candidateslackinnovationconsciousness.TheytendtodowhattheyaretoldtodobytheirPh.D.supervisors.Theyrespecttheirsupervisorssomuchsothattheydonotdaretoenjoytoomuchacademicfreedom,tosaynothingofputtingforwardviewpointsquitedifferentfromtheirsupervisors’eveniftheirsarereasonable.Otherwise,theymayoffendtheirsupervisorsandmaynotbeallowedtoearntheirdoctor’sdegrees.SuchaphenomenonisundoubtedlybadforthecultivationofinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.candidatesinChina.

HereI’dliketomakesomesuggestionsonhowtoenhanceinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.candidatesinChina.Inthefirstplace,weshouldcreateexcellentacademicatmosphereforPh.D.candidates.Weshouldencouragethosewithacademiccouragetoproposecreativescientificideasconflictingwithorevenentirelycontrarytoold-fashionedones.Inthesecondplace,weshouldawardprizestoPh.D.candidateswhohavecreatedinnovativeproductsandtheirsupervisors.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldnotletthosewhohavenocreativeideasintheirdissertationsgettheirdoctor’sdegrees.

6.翻译题

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】要想获得真正的快乐与安宁,一个人至少应该有两到三种业余爱好,而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是无用的,这种尝试只会増加精神上的负担。一个人可以在自己工作之外的领域获得渊博的知识,不过他可能几乎得不到什么收益或是放松。做你喜欢的事是没用的,你必须喜欢你所做的事。总的来说,人可以分为三种：劳累而死的人、忧虑而死的人、和烦恼而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说,经历了一周辛苦劳作已经使他们精疲力尽,周六下午让他们去踢足球或是打棒球是没有意义的。而对那些政治家、专业人士或者商人来说,他们已经为棘手的事情操劳或烦恼六天了,周末再让他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。

7.单选题

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

问题1选项

A.connected

B.winded

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动辨析。connect“连接”；wind“缠绕”；associate“联系”；suspend“延缓，推迟，使悬浮”。句意：天花板上（）一些扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到演讲者说话。扩音器一般是悬浮在天花板上，故D项正确。

8.单选题

Somecriminalswereprinting（）dollarbillsuntiltheywerearrested.

问题1选项

A.decent

B.fake

C.patent

D.suspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些罪犯直到被逮捕吋还正在印刷伪造的美钞。

考查形容词辨析。decent像样的，相当不错的，正派的，得体的，相当好的；fake假的，伪造的，冒充的；patent专利的，显然的；suspicious可疑的，怀疑的，多疑的。故B符合句意。

9.单选题

TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.

TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.

Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthepointwherehenolongerwantstoacceptalowstandardofliving;evenJapaneseengineershavenowbeenorganizedintocollectivebargaininggroups.Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity,andJapanoftheManagersfacesseveretestastowhetheraneconomicslowdownwillprevailortheracewillcontinueatthesameunabatedpace.

Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannotwasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces.

Hecreditstheleadersoftheeconomywithearlyrecognitionofthefactthatwewillbebilgedtoliveinaworldthathasbeenradicallychangedbytherevolutionofthehighlyscientificindustriessuchasthepetrochemicalfieldandtheyquicklydevotedtheresourcescededforexpansioninthesecapital-hungryindustries.

HedelvesintothedaringandunorthodoxfinancialmethodsusedbytheManagersandtheadventurousspiritofthebankerswhoarebackedbytheBankofJapan.Thesepoliciessupportedtherapidacquisitionofthelatestpatents,processes,andequipment,andthebuildingofthemostmodernfactoriesandplant.Thishasresultedinleadershipinmanysegmentsofindustrysuchasjournalism,masstourism,transportation,steel,ship-building,electronics,television,radio,cameras,watches,plastics,motorcycles,andperhapsonthehorizon”automobiles.ItisinterestingtouschemicalengineersandchemiststhatMr.Guilianreferstohugeethyleneproductioncenterswiththeirenormoustowersandmetalspheresas"thenewshrinesoftheJapanoftheyear2000,theprodigioustemplesofthegodindustry.”

TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingofJapan,itshistory,politics,foreignpolicy,defensestrategy,relationswithRedChinaandRussia,Zaikai(bigbusinessgroups),financialinstitutions,tradingcompaniesmanagersunions,educationalstandards,wagestructure,technologicaldevelopments,andthepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe"bicycleeconomy"pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.

1.Thisarticle（）.

2.Thereviewer'sattitudetowardsthebookis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle（）.

4.Accordingtothewriterofthebookthegreatnesswithoutbombwillbeachieved（）.

5.Whatisprobablymeantby“bicycleeconomy”?

问题1选项

A.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian.

B.iswrittenbyMartinM.Ramer.

C.istranslatedfromFrenchbyPatrickO'Brian.

D.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian,translatedbyPatrickO5BrianandreviewedbyMartinM.Ramer.

问题2选项

A.skeptical

B.doubtful

C.thatofapproval

D.indifferent

问题3选项

A.productivityinJapanisdevelopingmorequicklythanthewageraise

B.thewageraiseandproductivityaredevelopingatthesamespeed.

C.thewageraisesurpassestheproductiongrowth.

D.economicdevelopmentwillseeaslowdowninthefutureinJapan.

问题4选项

A.througheconomicdevelopmentattheexpenseofarmament

B.througheconomicdevelopmentinaccordancewitharmament

C.throughthereplacementofthemilitarygovernmentbythegovernmentofmanagers

D.throughtheimplementationofcorrectpolicyineconomicdevelopment

问题5选项

A.thedevelopmentofbicycleindustry

B.keepingthebalanceintheeconomicrace

C.forgingaheadintheeconomicrace

D.independenceandself-relianceineconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.”中文翻译：日本从第二次世界大战废墟中的重生及其到2000年的竞赛，这是罗伯特•吉利安新书《日本的挑战》的主题。因此答案为选项A。

2.观点态度题。通过题干定位到原文最后一段“TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingof...”，中文翻译：对于那些寻求理解……的人，《日本的挑战》推荐阅读。可知最佳答案为C选项。

3.细节事实题。根据选项内容定位到文章“Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity.”，中文翻译：日本正处于工资增长速度超过生产率的螺旋上升中。可知答案选择C“工资增长超过了生产增长”。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词greatnesswithoutthebomb定位到文章Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannot,wasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces。中文翻译为：吉利安先生解释了管理人的政府是如何取代将军政府的，以及如何能一直维持国家的工业扩张政策，实现“没有战争的伟大”。管理者们相信，未来唯一的真正实力将是经济实力，日本不能在军事战争或军备竞赛中浪费自己的力量。可知，D项符合题目描述。

5.词义猜测题。根据题干可定位到原文“thepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe‘bicycleeconomy’pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.”中文翻译为：那些在经济竞赛中继续推动“自行车经济”奋力向前的人。综合可知。C选项为正确答案。

10.单选题

Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadow______yourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

问题1选项

A.through

B.cross

C.beneath

D.over

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。castapermanentshadowover…“给……投上阴影；使减弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以给你的生活一个阳光的性格。科学家们认为，冬季的生日可能会给你的幸福蒙上永久的阴影。因此选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Weexpecthimto（

）hispromise.

问题1选项

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们希望他能够履行诺言。

考查短语辨析。carryoff夺去，获得;carryout贯彻,执行;carrythrough贯彻,完成;carryabout随身携带。故B符合句意。

12.填空题

MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe（1）.

Couldyoucall（2）

（3）twentyminutes?

【答案】1.moment

2.back

3.in

【解析】1.固定搭配。Atthemoment现在。

2.固定搭配。Callback回电话。

3.语义题。此处表示二十分钟后。

13.单选题

Therewerebitterdisputesoverpatentrightsduringtheearlyyearsofthemotionpictureindustry.

问题1选项

A.scandals

B.disappointment

C.strikes

D.disagreements

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。dispute表示“争议”。A项scandal“丑闻，流言蜚语”，B项disappointment“失望，沮丧”，C项strike“罢工，抗拒”，D项disagreement“不一致，争论”；句意：在电影工业的早期，有过关于专利权的激烈争论。根据句意该题选D。

14.单选题

Hecarriedtheparcelhomehimself,buthe（）so,theshopcouldhavesentit.

问题1选项

A.didnotneedtodo

B.needn’thavedone

C.mustnothavedone

D.couldn’thavedone

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A选项didnotneedtodo“（过去）没必要/不需要做这事”，B选项needn'thavedone，need情态动词就完成时表示“本来无必要做这事（却做了）”，C选项mustnothavedone“禁止这样做”；mustnot表示禁止，语气强硬，一般情况下后面不跟动词的完成时态，D选项couldn’thavedone“不能做这事(但做了)，”句意：他自己把包裹带回家，但他_______，商店可以把包裹寄给他。句子表达的意思是商店可以把包裹寄给他，所以他过去没必要自己搬回包裹，表示过去没必要做，但是做了的事情，所以本题的正确答案是B选项。

15.单选题

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。gloomy“惨淡”miserable“悲惨的，痛苦的”；shadowy“模糊的”；obscure“晦涩的，不清楚的”。inspiteof表示转折，句子意思为：尽管经济前景不景气，但是制造业的产量略有上涨。选项A符题意。

16.问答题

Neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.Inthespaceoftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgonefrombeingsomethingquietlydiscussedbyscientistsandcommittedenvironmentalists,toaheadline-grabbingissuenoonecanignore.

Eventhosewhoflyonceortwiceayearonholidaycan’thelpbutfeelagrowingsenseofguilt,whilethoseoptingfortripsbycar,trainorferryhaveaself-righteousspringintheirsteps.

(1)Now,however,thebacklashisbeginning.Thetourismandaviationindustriesaremobilizing,andpointingoutsomeawkwardfacts.Didyouknowthatsomeferriesemitfarmorecarbondioxidethansomeplanes?Thatdrivingcanreleasetwiceasmuchcarbonasflying?AnewreportfromBalpa,thepilot’sunion,evenclaimsthatplanescanbebetterthantrain.

(2)WhiletherearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrowtoprotesttheairtravel,inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp.LookingoutfromacliffoverthedesertsofSamburulandisastunninghotel,theO1MaloEco-Lodge.Revenuefromthesmallnumberofvisitingtouristshasallowedthe5,000acresaroundittobetransformedfromover-grazedcattleranchtoaconservationsite.MoreimpressivestillistheO1Maloeyeproject.Upto80percentofadultsintheareasuffersightloss,sotheO1MaloTrustrunsregularsurgicalcamps,bringingdoctorsfromtheUKtotreatthem.InJanuary,thecampgave102peoplebacktheirsight.“It’sverysimple—allofourvisitorsflyhere,”saidJuliaFrancombe,thefounder.“Iftheystoppedcoming,itwouldkillus.”

Onethingonwhichallsidesagreeisthataviationisbooming,soitbecomescrucialtodevelopnewandlesspollutingaircraft.Airbus’sclaimthatitcansavetheworldwiththeA380maybefar-fetched,butits(3)“gentlegiant”planeisfarmoreefficientandquieterthanthoseof20yearsago.

Someenvironmentalists,however,scorntheseadvances,sayingsuchmeasuresarea(4)“delusion.”“Theaviationindustryislikelytovastlyoverstatethegainsthatcanbemadefromtechnologicalimprovementsbutsadlyaclimatefriendlyplaneisn’tonthehorizon,”saysEmilyArmisteadofGreenpeace.

(5)Sothequestionis:whodoyoubelieve?

【答案】答：

1.Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease.

2.Ononehand,campaignerswhoplottheircampinEnglandaimtoagainsttheairtravel;Ontheotherhand,theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying.

3.bassandlarge-scale

4.vainattempttowardairpollutantproblems

5.Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport.

【解析】1.原句句意是：然而，现在反弹开始了。结合上下文句意分析，上文提到飞机造成环境破坏已经成为了一个头条新闻，而那些选择开车、乘火车或渡轮旅行的人则有一种自以为是的春天；接着第三段提到一些渡轮排放的二氧化碳比一些飞机排放的要多得多，由此可知backlash指的是除飞机以外的交通工具污染开始得到人们的关注。故改写为Thepollutioncausedbyothertraffictoolsisbeginningtoincrease（其他交通工具造成的污染也开始增加）。

2.原句句意是：虽然有一些活动人士在希思罗机场设立营地来抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行，在肯尼亚，人们正在制定一个截然不同的营地计划。希思罗机场是英国的，所以可以将therearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrow改写为campaignerswhoplottheircampinEngland（策划在英国扎营的活动人士）；另外，肯尼亚的人们制定一个截然不同的营地计划，通过“averydifferent”可知，这个计划是和抗议肯尼亚的航空旅行相反的，所以inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp可以改写为theothercampsinKenyademonstratethenecessityofflying（肯尼亚的其他营地证明了飞行的必要性）。

3.这一句的句意是：空客声称它可以用A380拯救世界的说法可能有些牵强，但是它的“温柔的巨型”飞机比20年前的飞机效率更高，噪音更小。Gentlegiant带引号，这是一种比喻的说法，是用来修饰后面的plane（飞机），gentle原意是“温和的”，根据语境这里是表示“噪音小，声音低”，giant原意是“巨大的”，这里是表示飞机“体积大”，所以改写为bassandlarge-scale（低音和大规模）。

4.这一句的句意是：然而，一些环保主义者鄙视这些进步，称这些措施是一种“妄想”。由此可知delusion表示“妄想”，所以可以改写为vainattempt（妄想）；另外为了细化句子的意思，添加towardairpollutantproblems（针对空气污染问题）用来起补充说明的作用。

5.原句句意是：所以问题是：你相信谁？这一句是文章的总结句，整篇文章就飞机造成环境污染的问题的争论，对正反两个阵营进行阐述，最后一句的意思就是“你支持哪一种说法”，所以可以改写为Thequestionistodecidewhichsidedoyousupport（问题是你决定支持哪一方）。

17.单选题

Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable.Today,excellentanthologies（文选）andotherintroductorytextsexist,andbooksonindividualAsianAmeri-cansarepublishedalmostweekly.Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttode-cidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents；non-expertswhoteachinrelatedareasandarelookingforwritingsforandbyAsianAmericantoincludeinsurveycoursesareinanevenworseposition.

Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias.Suchworkswouldena-blestudentstakingAsianAmericanstudiescourses（andprofessorsinrelatedfields）tolookupbasicinformationonAsianAmericanindividuals,institutions,history,andculturewithouthavingtowadethrough（费力地阅读冗长或艰深的材料）mountainsofprimarysourcematerial.Inaddition,given

suchworks,AsianAmericanstudiesprofessorsmightfeelmorefreetoincludemorechallengingAsianAmericanmaterialintheirintroductoryreadinglists,sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoac-quireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.The“dilemma”(Line2，Para.1)canbestbecharacterizedasbeingcausedbythenecessitytomakeachoicewhenfacedwitha（）

3.Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopediasare（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedabouttheintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesafewdecadesago?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theexistenceofgoodone-volumereferenceworksaboutAsianAmeri-canscouldresultin（）

问题1选项

A.respondingtoacriticism

B.describingacourseofstudy

C.discussingaproblem

D.evaluatingapastcourseofaction

问题2选项

A.lackofacceptablealternatives

B.lackofstrictstandardsforevaluatingalternatives

C.preponderanceofbadalternativesascomparedtogood

D.multitudeofdifferentalternatives

问题3选项

A.primarysourcematerials

B.introductorytexts

C.excellentanthologies

D.referencematerials

问题4选项

A.Therangeofdifferenttextbooksthatcouldbeassignedforsuchwasextremelylimited.

B.Thetextsassignedasreadingsinsuchcourseswereoftennotverychallengingforstudents.

C.Studentsoftencomplainedaboutthetextsassignedtothem,insuchcourses.

D.Suchcourseswereofferedonlyatschoolswhoselibrarieswererichinprimarysources.

问题5选项

A.increasedagreementamongprofessorsofAsianAmericanstudiesregardingthequalityofthesourcesavailableintheirfield

B.anincreaseinthenumberofstudentssighingupforintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudies

C.increasedaccuracyinwritingsthatconcernAsianAmericanhistoryandculture

D.theinclusionofawiderrangeofAsianAmericanmaterialinintroductoryreadinglistsinAsi-anAmericanstudies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。本文主要讲述了亚美研究中教授基础课程的老师一直面临着不知道向学生推荐哪本教科书的困境。因此C项正确。

2.细节题。第一段指出：Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttodecidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents（即使是这个领域的专家也很难推荐教科书），因此，D项“面临多种选择的困境”正确。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词“Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopedias”定位至第二段：Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedo