考研考博-英语-合肥信息技术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥信息技术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thereisastandardmethod（）officersareselectedforpromotion.

问题1选项

A.whereby

B.that

C.where

D.whereas

【答案】B

【解析】考查从句。A选项whereby“凭此，借以，由于”，B选项that“那个”，C选项where“哪里”，D选项whereas“然而，尽管”。句意：选拔军官晋升有一个标准的方法。因此,B选项符合句意。

2.单选题

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

问题1选项

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon为固定搭配，意为“不理会……，不肯给予……帮助”。句意：句意：她对我一直很好，现在她需要我的帮助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

3.单选题

TomJones,who（）aroundtheworld,willcometoAsianextmonth.

问题1选项

A.willbetouring

B.havetoured

C.hadbeentouring

D.hasbeentouring

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。选项D正确。

4.单选题

Myaunt（）abrightly-coloredthreadroundherfingersoasnottoforgetherappointment.

问题1选项

A.wound

B.curved

C.spun

D.bent

【答案】A

【解析】wind缠绕；curve使弯曲；spin旋转；bend弯曲。句意：阿姨在手指上绕了一根颜色鲜艳的线,这样就不会忘记她的约定了。选项A符合语境。

5.翻译题

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.(10*1=10)

中国近年流行一个笑话，说的是一个中国老妇和一个美国老妇在天堂里相遇了，中国老妇说：“我到临死前终于攒够钱买一套房子了。”美国老妇则说：“我临死前才终于把房子贷款还清了。”这则笑话基于美国人喜欢挥霍而中国人习惯节俭的成见，也在一定程度上解释了失衡的世界经济如何失去方向。这次危机在两个方面区别于过去的经济动荡，同时也解释了它持久不愈的原因。第一个是信贷悖论：它在带来活力的同时也破坏稳定，全球金融的扩张及其支配地位为更快的资本积累和物质丰富打开大门，但与此同时也播下危机的种子，在美国，宽松的货币政策和神秘的金融操纵让消费者能够轻易享受到更大的房子、更好的汽车和更长的假期，即便他们根本没有储蓄。

【答案】ThereisapopularjokeinChinainrecentyears.ThereisaChineseoldwomanwhomeetsanAmericanoldwomaninheaven.TheChineseoldwomansays,IfinallysavedenoughmoneytobuyahousebeforeIdied.TheAmericanoldwomansaid,IfinallypaidoffmyhousebeforeIdied.Thisjoke,basedonthestereotypethatAmericansarespendthriftwhileChinesearethrifty,goessomewaytoexplaininghowthelopsidedworldeconomyhaslostitsway.Thiscrisisisintwowaysdifferentfrompasteconomicshocks,andwhyithaspersisted.Thefirstoneiscreditparadox:itinavitalityalsodestabilizing,theexpansionoftheglobalfinancialanditsdominantpositionforafastercapitalaccumulationandrichmaterialopenthedoor,butatthesametimealsosowtheseedsofthecrisis,intheUnitedStates,theloosemonetarypolicyandthemysteriousfinancialmanipulationmakeconsumerscaneasilyenjoythebiggerhousesandbettercarsandlongerholidays,eveniftheydon’thavesavings.

6.单选题

HeexpectedtheHousetopassthebillbyacomfortable（

）.

问题1选项

A.maple

B.marble

C.marsh

D.margin

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。maple枫树；marble大理石；marsh沼泽；均不符合句意。margin指（在时间或票数上领先的）幅度,差额,差数。句意:他希望众议院能以轻松的优势通过这项法案。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（

）themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；reclaim“取回，收回”；refrain“节制，克制，避免”；reckon“认为，假定”。句意：你一旦知道你错在哪里，你就应该尽快改正。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

NegotiatorsfromaroundtheglobeonSundaymorningreachedaclimatechangeagreementthatwouldcommiteverynationtoreducingitsrateofgreenhousegasemissions—yetwouldstill（）whatisneededtostaveoffthedangerousandcostlyearlyimpactsofglobalwarming.

问题1选项

A.fallfarshortwith

B.fallfarshortof

C.fallnothingshortwith

D.fallnothingshortof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。fallfarshortof“远远不足”；fallnothingshortof“无异于……”，没有fallfarshortwith和fallnothingshortwith两种搭配，选项A和C可排除。句意：周日早上，来自全球的谈判代表关于气候变化达成了一项协议，该协议承诺每个国家要减少温室气体的排放量。然而，对于延缓全球变暖所导致的危险和高昂的代价来说，是远远不够的。选项B符合题意。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之,我们所谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。”

自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责,并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

很显然,我们已然摒弃了“父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及为使女孩们守身如玉而将她们深锁闺中的农业习俗。

现在我们被迫从那种以人们之间相互猜忌和敌视为标志的关系跃进到一个人们之间必须相互尊重和理解的世界。

同样地,语言之所以有价值是因为人们承认它是思维的符号,是人与人之间传输思想的媒介。

【答案】Aleaderfromthenewschoolinsistedonthat“theso-called'scientificrevolution'canbebrieflyexplainedastheimprovement,inventionandapplicationofseriesofequipment,whichinturnprovidesanomnipotentscientificdevelopment.”

Freedomanddignityarepossessedbyself-reliantpeopleintherangeoftraditionaltheory,andtheybothserveessentialprerequisitesforresponsibilitiestowhattheyhavebehavedandappraisaltowhattheyhaveperformed.

Obviously,wehaveabandonedthemarriagethatarrangedbyparentsandmatchmakersandalsothecorruptedcustominagriculturalperiodthatgirlsareconfinedintheirchambersforvirginity.

Nowweareforcedtoleapforwardtotheworldthatdemandsmutualrespectandunderstandingsfromrelationsthatfeaturedbymutualsuspicionandhostility.

Similarly,thereasonwhylanguagespossesswiththeirownvaluesisthat,aspeoplehaveacknowledged,theyaresymbolsofthoughtsandalsomediaforthoughtexchanges.

10.单选题

Whenpeoplearehappy,theytendtogive（

）interpretationsofeventstheywitness:theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder.

问题1选项

A.charitable

B.elaborate

C.conscientious

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义。charitable“慷慨的；仁慈的”；elaborate“精心制作的；详尽的”；conscientious“认真的；小心谨慎的”；coherent“一致的”。句意：人在快乐时倾向于对自己所见的事情给出仁慈的解释，即旁观者的观点被自身的情绪所影响。由theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder可知A项符合题意。

11.单选题

Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusasagooddealaboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmaimer,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.

Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.

Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress（

）.

2.Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage,wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcan

（

）.

3.Theword"precedent"(Line1,Para.6)probablyrefersto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause

（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

问题1选项

A.providescluesforpeoplewhoarecriticalofus

B.indicatesourlikesanddislikesinchoosingacareer

C.hasadirectinfluenceonthewaypeopleregardus

D.isofparticularimportancewhenwegetoninage

问题2选项

A.changepeople'sconservativeattitudestowardstheirlifestyles

B.helpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesex

C.makethemcompetitiveinthejobmarket

D.helpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationships

问题3选项

A.earlyactsformentofollowasexamples

B.particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportance

C.thingsthatmenshouldagreeupon

D.men'sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided

问题4选项

A.thevarietyoftheprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochoose

B.womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodels

C.Menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositions

D.theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing

问题5选项

A.Dressingforeffect

B.Howtodressappropriately

C.Managerialpositionsandclothing

D.Dressingfortheoccasion

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容，着装通过提供线索让我们得出一个人是怎样的人，不是怎样的人以及想成为怎样的人的结论上起到了至关重要的作用。它们能很好地告诉我们穿着者的背景、性格、地位、心情和社会前景。也就是说，穿着对人们看待我们的方式有直接影响，选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容，青春期女孩很容易就能认同那些穿某种服装的女孩的生活方式，包括她们可能有多少男朋友，她们是否抽烟或喝酒。也就是说，年轻人倾向于相信某些类型的衣服可以帮助他们在人际关系中取得成功。选项D符合原文。

3.词汇题。根据句意可知，“precedents”应该和“rolemodels”意思相近，所以选项A“男性追随的榜样的早期行为”符合原文所表述的意思。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.”商界的许多女性都不确定，她们应该通过职业着装来传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质。也就是说，她们不确定应该在多大程度上通过服装来展现自己的女性气质，选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是穿着可以呈现出一个人什么样，给人的印象是怎样的，也就是说，穿着对人产生了影响。所以选项A最能概括全文主旨。

12.单选题

Givethepreviouslyexpressedinterestandtheambitioustoneofherrecentspeeches,thesenator’sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermis（

）.

问题1选项

A.laudable

B.sincere

C.authentic

D.futile

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项laudable“值得赞赏的”；B选项sincere“真诚的，真挚的”；C选项authentic“真正的，真实的”；D选项futile“无用的，无效的”。根据句意‘她在先前的演讲中已经表现出兴趣和勃勃雄心，这位参议员试图说服公众相信她对竞选连任不感兴趣的做法是毫无用处的。’D选项正确。

13.单选题

My（）isforwildflowersratherthancultivatedones.

问题1选项

A.inclination

B.favorite

C.preference

D.fondness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:inclination“意向；倾向；爱好”；B:favorite“特别喜爱的人（或物）”；C:preference“喜好；偏好；偏爱”；D:fondness“喜欢；喜爱”。句意：我偏爱野生花而不是栽培花。根据语境和句意，这里含有比较级结构，因此C最合适。

14.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普罗慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫宁根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【参考译文】

香蕉作为一项重大收入来源，同时又是数百万人的营养供给源，因此巴拿马病毒成为当前的一个大问题。全球盛产香蕉的国家有135个。联合国将香蕉，水稻，小麦和玉米列为最重要的作物。香蕉还富含一种能使人感到愉悦的化学物质。

42.【参考译文】

普罗慈说如果疾病扩散至拉丁美洲，它将威胁到世界经济以及数百万人的食品供应。他说，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亚科学家们正研究可抵御巴拿马疾病的转基因香蕉，但是普罗慈认为人们是否能接受转基因香蕉仍然是一个问题。

43.【参考译文】

荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员正在寻找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品种，这是一项艰巨的工作。研究人员表示，新品种香蕉需抵抗巴拿马疾病并能经得起长时间运输。因为香蕉需运输到几千公里外的市场。当然，得尝起来美味。

15.写作题

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsentitledStudentsWouldBenefitsMorefromanEducationofEmotions.

【答案】【略】

16.单选题

Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

问题1选项

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。fantastic“奇异的；古怪的”；frank“坦白的，直率的”；frantic“狂乱的，疯狂的”；frenzy“狂暴；狂怒”。句意：当那位母亲得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到疯了。Befranticwith“因……而疯狂”。选项C符合题意。

17.写作题

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【参考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

18.单选题

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

问题1选项

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。insincere“不诚恳的”，形容词；premise“前提，假设”；premature“过早发生的事物；早产儿”;presumption“假定，推定”。根据conclusion“结论”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前”可知“称为推定”符合语境，因此选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

问题1选项

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“确认，确定”；B选项“完成，达到”；C选项“匹配，适合，匹敌”；D选项“夸张，夸大”；题干中rival“竞争对手，同行者，匹敌”，句意：他们的成就超出了他们的梦想，为他们的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都无法匹敌的魔力。因此C选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Duringtheracesthereweretwoaccidentstomotor-cyclistsincludingone（）accident.

问题1选项

A.fatal

B.killing

C.deadly

D.deathly

【答案】A

【解析】近义词辨析。fatal致命的，一般指不可避免的；killing杀害的；deadly指能致命或实际已致命的事物，也可指企图使他人致死的人；deathly死一般的。句意：在比赛中摩托车手发生了两起事故，包括一起致命事故。选项A正确。

21.单选题

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)iscreatinga“greenhouseeffect”—holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticularmatterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution（

）.

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor

（

）.

3.Theword“offset”inthesecondparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagetha

（

）.

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

问题1选项

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

D.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

问题2选项

A.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

B.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwilldestroytheworldsoon

问题3选项

A.slipinto

B.makeupfor

C.setup

D.catchupwith

问题4选项

A.raisingtheworld’stemperatureonlyafewdegreeswouldnotdomuchharmtolifeonearth.

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturemerelyafewdegreeswouldleadmanymajorfarmingareastodisaster.

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade.

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainconstantintheyearstocome.

问题5选项

A.greenhouseeffect

B.heburningoffossilfuel

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句“Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.”人们曾经认为，空气污染只会影响那些有工厂和/或交通严重的大城市周围的地区。因此D选项“只存在于城市和工业区”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen.”目前，我们不确定这两种情况是否会发生，可知作者对温室效应会产生哪种情况是不确定的，因此选B。

3.词义题。slipinto意为“滑进”；makeupfor意为“补偿”；setup意为“建立”；catchupwith意为“追上”。单词“offset”位于文章第二段最后一句中“Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswill（也许，如果我们幸运的话，这两种趋势将相互）offseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow（世界气温将保持目前的水平）.”根据单词前后的句意再结合选项意思，可知A选项最为恰当，offset意为“抵消，补偿”。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“...blockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous（灾难性的）.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.”可知降低地球的温度会导致灾难性的结果，哪怕只降低几度也会使许多农业地区受到影响，因此B选项“将世界的温度降低仅仅几度会导致许多主要的农业地区发生灾难”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了空气污染问题，提及的两种观点可能会带来全球的影响，因此选C，文章主要涉及空气污染带来的潜在影响。

22.单选题

Undertheterm“services”（）togethermiscellaneousactivitieswithlittleincommonexceptotherthanagriculture,extractiveindustries,utilitiesandmanufacturing.

问题1选项

A.lump

B.tolump

C.islumped

D.arelumped

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。介词短语位于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以选项A和B可排除。根据句子的主语“miscellaneousactivities”为复数，所以为了保持主谓一致，be动词选用复数形式are，选项D符合题意。

23.单选题

Theremovalofthetopsoilmayeliminatemostofthecontaminationofthearea.

问题1选项

A.prevent

B.dealwith

C.overcome

D.getridof

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevent“防止”；B选项dealwith“处理”；C选项overcome“克服”；D选项getridof“除去”。句意：除去表土可以消除该地区的大部分污染。划线部分eliminate是消除的意思。因此D选项正确。

24.单选题

Understandingisoneofthemostimportant（

）ofahappymarriage.

问题1选项

A.initiatives

B.ingredients

C.proverbs

D.possessions

【答案】B

【解析】initiative主动权,首创精神；ingredients要素,组成部分；proverb谚语,格言；possession拥有,财产。句意:理解是幸福婚姻最重要的因素之一。选项B符合句意。

25.单选题

We’llcontinuealongtheroad（）byourpresidentsmorethanseventyyearsago.

问题1选项

A.givenout

B.madeout

C.wipedout

D.mappedout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项giveout“发出，排放，公开，分发”；B选项makeout“艰难地看到，理解，填写”；C选项wipeout“消灭”；D选项mapout“认真安排或设计，绘制”。句意：我们将继续沿着我们两国总统七十多年前（）的道路前进。“发出道路/理解道路/消灭道路”都不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

26.单选题

Tryingmilitarywrongdoersmayannoythearmedforces,and（

）afreshconflict.

问题1选项

A.proliferate

B.provoke

C.nurture

D.proclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。proliferate意为“激增，猛增”；provoke意为“激起，挑起”；nurture意为“养育”；proclaim意为“宣告，公布”。

句意：尝试军事犯罪的不法分子可能会打乱军事力量，从而激起新的矛盾。

27.单选题

Maskedgunmen（）intheofficesofaFrenchsatiricalnewspaperonWednesday,thepolicesaid,withinitialreportssayingthatasmanyas11peoplehadbeenkilledand10wounded.

问题1选项

A.openedfire

B.wereopeningfire

C.openedfires

D.wasopeningafire

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据thepolicesaid可判断，这个句子的时态为一般过去时态，所以动词要用过去式，再有固定搭配“openfire”，意为“开火”。句意：警方称，蒙面枪手周三在一家法国讽刺新闻的办公室里开火了，最初报道称多达11人被杀，10人受伤。选项A符合题意。

28.单选题

Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.

问题1选项

A.heredity

B.heir

C.heritage

D.supplement

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。heredity“遗传，遗传性”；heir“继承人，后嗣”；heritage“遗产，传统，继承权”；supplement“补充，补充物，附录”。根据句意‘我的第二个声称关于个人差异。由于（

）、环境及它们之间的相互作用，我们中没有两个人以恰好同样的比例显示同样的智力。’确定A选项heredity“遗传，遗传性”的正确。

29.单选题

Don't（）thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.relate

C.release

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在我们通知你之前不要向公众发布这个消息。

考查动词辨析。Relieve解除，减轻，缓和；relate联系，使有联系；release释放，放出；retain保持，持有，保留。因此C符合句意。

30.单选题

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

问题1选项

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项clockwise“顺时针方向地”；B选项otherwise“另外，否则”；C选项elsewhere“在别处；到别处”；D选项likewise“同样地；也”。句意：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但数据却没显示……。根据but可知，句型表示转折，只有选项B表示转折，因此B选项符合题意。

31.单选题

If（）toheavypressure,castironwillcrack.

问题1选项

A.subjecting

B.beingsubjected

C.subjected

D.havingsubjected

【答案】C

【解析】考查条件句的主语省略。当条件句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省略主语。主句里面的主语是castiron“铸铁”，条件句省略了主语castiron，压力是由铸铁来承受的，因此应该使用subject的过去分词。句意：如果承受重大压力，铸铁也会断裂。完整版本应是Ifit’ssubjectedtoheavypressure,castironwillcrack.因此C选项符合题意。

32.单选题

Hisargumentdoesnot（）uptoclosescrutiny.

问题1选项

A.hold

B.stand

C.come

D.look

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查standuptoclosescrutiny“经得起仔细的检查”。句意：他的论点经不起推敲。因此B选项正确。

33.单选题

Theirreflexivemindsettellsscientiststhatallclaims,（）political,moral,orreligious,are