考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees’compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstartingwagesforlow-levelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentonoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce’swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,near-recordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

3.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

4.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

问题2选项

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich.

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor.

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor.

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

问题3选项

A.begraduallynarrowed

B.disappearsoonerorlater

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

问题4选项

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.whatapersonpursuesintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者的国家，哪类人受益于经济的发展？”文章第四段最后一句话提到“所有人都在新经济中发展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个表述是正确的？”文章第五段提到“非技术劳动力的偿付水平与以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），选项B“非技术人员倾向贫穷”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为收入差距将……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“收入差距是驱动经济引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以选项C“一直存在”符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到变得富有并不是每个人的最终目标（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim（）bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.

问题1选项

A.setforth

B.broughtforth

C.comeup

D.putforward

【答案】A

【解析】setforththeaim表示“提出（设立）目标”。bringforth和putforward也是“提出”，但不能与aim搭配使用，我们可以说：bringforthevidence，putforwardatheory(idea，plan，suggestion)。comeup意为“出现”“被提出”，作非及物动词用。本句意为：“他没有完全达到教师在学期初提出的目标。”

3.单选题

WhiletheUnitedStateswageditswarondrugs,includingtheimpositionofseverepenaltiesonpeopleconvictedofpossessionofcannabis(marijuanaandhashish),theNetherlandsimplementedapartialdecriminalizationofthepersonaluseofthesesamedrugs.

Beginninginthemid-1970s，Dutchdrugpolicieswerereformedinanattempttolimitthenegativeandstigmatizingeffectsofdruguseonindividualusers.TheDutchdidthisbymakingaclearseparationbetween“hard”drugs—heroin,cocaine,LSD,andamphetamines—and“soft”drugs—marijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Theygavetoplawenforcementprioritytocontrollingtheproduction,importation,andtraffickingofharddrugsandessentiallyignoredthesaleoruseofsmallamountsofcannabis(25gramsorless).Dutchofficialsbelievedthatdecriminalizingcannabis—therebyseparatingthesoftdrugmarketfromthemarketforharderdrugs―wouldreducethelikelihoodthatmarijuanauserswouldcomeintocontactwithheroinandcocaineusers.Thus,youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.

TheDutchdrugpolicieswerealsoaimedatnormalizingthedrugproblem.Thatis,theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand“user-friendly”treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasures.

InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.

TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.However,itmaynotbewisetomakedirectcomparisonsbetweentheNetherlandsandtheUnitedStates.Dutchsocietyisveryhomogeneous;thatis,thereislittleracial,ethnic,class,religious,orsubculturaldiversity,andtheconventionalvaluesandnormsofDutchsocietyarewidelyshared.Americansociety,ontheotherhand,isveryheterogeneous,anditsextensivesubculturaldiversityleadstolessconsensusregardingnormsandvalues.ThemodelusedbytheDutchforregulatingmarijuanamaynotworkaseffectivelyintheUnitedStates.

1.Theword“decriminalization”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.Dutchofficialsthoughtthatcannabisusers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.TheauthorconsiderstheDutchdrugpolicies

（

）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.reductionofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

B.ceasingtotreatsomethingaslegal

C.eliminationofthecriminalpenaltiesforsomething

D.applicationoflegalsanctionsagainstacrime

问题2选项

A.wereimproperlystigmatizedasdrugaddictsbyotherpeople

B.couldnotpossiblytrafficheroin,cocaineorotherdrugs

C.wouldnotbecomeaddictedtoiteveniftheytakelargeamounts

D.mightcontentthemselveswithitandstayawayfrommoreaddictivedrugs

问题3选项

A.Decriminalizingcannabisusewouldbringmorerevenuetothegovernment.

B.CannabisuseintheNetherlandsisratherprevalent.

C.TheDutchgovernmentbelievedthatcannabiswasnotasharmfulasheroin.

D.TheDutchbelievedthatpunishmentwasn’tapracticalmeanstotacklethedrugproblem.

问题4选项

A.successfulalthoughtherearesomenegativeeffects

B.toolenientintermsofpunishment

C.unreasonableconsideringtheDutchhomogeneoussociety

D.betterthanthoseimplementedintheUnitedStates

问题5选项

A.itisillegaltosellcannabisintheNetherlands

B.marijuanaisavailableinDutchsupermarkets

C.sellingcannabiswithoutofficialpermissionmaybepunished

D.largedosesofmarijuanaincoffeeshopsinAmsterdamarcavailable

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义推测题。本题是问“decriminalization”一词在第一段的意思。从上下文可知，荷兰政府区分了致瘾药品和不会成瘾的药品，并将不会成瘾药品的买卖合法化，所以可以推测“decriminalization”词义为“合法化”，C选项‘取消对某事物的刑事处罚’。

2.推理判断题。本题是问荷兰的政府认为大麻使用者如何。由第二段中的“Thus，youngpeopleexperimentingwithcannabiswouldbelesslikelytobecomeinvolvedwithmoredangerousoraddictivedrugs.因此，被尝试大麻的年轻人不太可能涉及更危险的或者成瘾的药物。”，可知D选项‘可能会满足于此，远离更容易上瘾的毒品’正确。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段“theDutchadmittedthatcannabisusehadgainedanextensivefootholdintheirsociety,andtheyfeltthatitwasfarmorerealistictotrytoreducethepersonalandsocialharmsassociatedwithdrugusethrougheducationand‘user-friendly’treatmentprogramsthantorelyonpunitivemeasure.荷兰承认，大麻的使用已经在他们的社会中获得了广泛的立足点，他们认为，通过教育和“人性化”的治疗方案来减少与毒品使用有关的个人和社会危害远比依赖惩罚措施要现实得多”和最后一段“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest.荷兰的毒品法已经实施了20多年，对荷兰社会的任何负面影响似乎都不大。”得知，荷兰政府运用人性化的措施且该项法律的副作用是很小的，B选项‘荷兰吸食大麻相当普遍。’，C选项‘荷兰政府认为大麻的危害没有海洛因那么大。’和D选项‘荷兰人认为惩罚并不是解决毒品问题的实际手段。’正确；A选项‘大麻合法化将为政府带来更多的收入。’的叙述错误，符合题意。

4.细节事实题。本题是问作者认为荷兰毒品政策如何。由最后一段中的“TheDutchdruglawshavebeenineffectformorethan20yearsandanynegativeimpactonDutchsocietyappearstohaveonlybeenmodest荷兰的药物法己经成功实施20多年，即便有反作用，但算是很轻微。”可知A选项‘成功，尽管有一些负面影响’正确。

5.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中“InAmsterdam,thecountry’slargestcity,thereareabout350coffeeshopswherepeoplecanbuyandusemarijuana,hashish,andmushrooms.Thecoffeeshops,however,areregulated.Nootherillegaldrugsmaybesoldorusedinthem,theshopsmaynotadvertise,andtheymaynotsellcannabistopeopleunderage16.Violationsmayresultinfinesandtheclosingofthecoffeeshop.在荷兰最大的城市阿姆斯特丹，大约有350家咖啡馆，人们可以在这里购买和使用大麻、大麻和蘑菇。然而，咖啡店是受监管的。其他违禁药品不得销售、使用，商店不得做广告，不得向未满16岁的未成年人出售大麻。违反规定可能会导致罚款和咖啡店的关闭。”可知荷兰对药物销售有明文规定，所以C选项‘未经官方许可出售大麻可能会受到惩罚’正确。

4.单选题

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

问题1选项

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。enrolling登记,

招收；dedicating献身,

致力，后面一般接介词to;reclaiming开拓,

开垦；

pursuing从事,

进行。句意：过去，大多数护林员都是男性，但今天，从事这一领域的女性人数正在攀升。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,somychoicewasquite（）.

问题1选项

A.artistic

B.artificial

C.arbitrary

D.mechanical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。C选项arbitrary“任意的，武断的，是由偶然、一时兴致或冲动而非由必然、推理决定的。A选项artistic“艺术的，风雅的”。B选项artificial“人造的，仿造的”。D选项mechanical“机芯的，自动的”。句意：我不知道所涉及的关键所在，所以我的选择很随意。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Hewill（）resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.

问题1选项

A.doubtfully

B.adequately

C.presumably

D.reasonably

【答案】A

【解析】undoubtfully无疑地,毫无疑问地；adequately充足地,适当地;presumably据推测，大概,可能,想来;reasonably合情合理地。句意：毫无疑问，由于该研究项目彻底失败,他将辞去职务。

7.翻译题

Ithinkthat,fromabiologicalstandpoint,humanlifealmostreadslikeapoem.Ithasitsownrhythmandbeat,itsinternalcyclesofgrowthanddecay.Itbeginswithinnocentchildhood,followedbyawkwardadolescencetryingawkwardlytoadaptitselftomaturesociety,withitsyoungpassionsandfollies,itsidealsandambitions;thenitreachesamanhoodofintenseactivities,profitingfromexperienceandlearningmoreaboutsocietyandhumannature;atmiddleage,thereisaslighteasingoftension,amellowingofcharacterliketheripeningoffruitorthemellowingofgoodwine,andthegradualacquiringofamoretolerant,morecynicalandatthesametimeakindlierviewoflife;theninthesunsetofourlife,theendocrineglandsdecreasetheiractivity,andifwehaveatruephilosophyofoldageandhaveorderedourlifepatternaccordingtoit,itisforustheageofpeaceandsecurityandleisureandcontentment;finally,lifeflickersoutandonegoesintoeternalsleepnevertowakeupagain.Oneshouldbeabletosetthebeautyofthisrhythmoflife,toappreciate,aswedoingrandsymphonies,itsmaintheme,itsstrainsofconflictandthefinalresolution.Themovementsofthesecyclesareverymuchthesameinanormallife,buttherelicmustbeprovidedbytheindividualhimself.

【答案】我认为，从生物学的角度来看，人生就像一首诗。它有自己的韵律和节奏，自有内在的生长与衰亡周期。它开始于天真的童年，紧随其后的是稚拙的青春期，带着年轻的激情和愚笨，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后来人到壮年，经历渐广，阅人渐多，涉世渐深；乃至中年，节奏渐缓，个性沉淀如熟果，如美酒，更具容忍之心，愈发愤世嫉俗，却待人生愈发温和；再后来到暮年时，内分泌系统活动减少，如果我们已经悟得老年真谛，且据此安顿残年，则生活将平和、宁静、安详且美满；最后生命之光摇曳而逝，人开始永恒的长眠，不再醒来。人应能感受这种生命韵律之美，就如欣赏交响乐一样，欣赏其主旋律、激昂的高潮和舒缓的尾声。生命的乐章大同小异，但每个人应谱写出自己独有的乐曲。

8.单选题

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworkers.Amongthereport’srecommendations:taxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome;provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economyis________.

2.TheoldexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay________.

3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat________.

4.Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”thewriter________.

5.Towardstheissue,whatthewriterismostconcernedaboutwillbe________.

问题1选项

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.disadvantageous

问题2选项

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.giveplaytotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

问题3选项

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfutures

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomic

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareout-dated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits

问题4选项

A.iscallingattentiontotheprivilegestowhichbaby-boomersareentitled

B.iscallingforthegovernmenttotakecountermeasuresagainstlaborshortage

C.isrefutinganotionaboutexperiencedworkers’earlyretirement

D.isjustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxandbenefitpolicies

问题5选项

A.toadvocateradicallyreforminggovernmentpolicies

B.totakeintoaccountthebenefitsuponretirement

C.toputinpracticewhatHudsonresearchersbelievein

D.toprolongthepracticabilityofolderexperiencedemployees

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.（公共政策研究机构哈德逊研究所的一份新报告显示，有经验的工人提前退休正严重损害美国经济。），可知有经验的工人提前退休具有弊端，D选项“不利的”正确。A选项“建设性的”，B选项“意义重大的”和C选项“无定论的”属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.（在今天，62岁退休在经济上是一个理性的决定。）和最后一句Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.（尽管收入通常会随着工作年限的增加而增加，但35年之后的任何工资增长都会导致社会保障税的增加，而福利只会小幅增加。），可知许多人希望尽早退休的原因是好处不够，B选项“最终得到很少的好处或得不到好处”正确。A选项“对年轻一代有害”和C选项“发挥他们的潜力”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。D选项“阐明社会趋势”：根据第一段最后一句ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.（如果这种趋势继续下去，劳动力短缺将会阻碍21世纪的经济增长。），社会趋势指的是许多有经验的老工人很早就退休了，但这不是他们退休的原因，属于出处错位。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。第二段第一句指出人口老龄化会加剧，第二句指出年轻人群的增长很少，第三句建议让年长的技术工人继续就业以维持劳动力数量，如果不改革，劳动力缺乏的情况会更严重，综合可知，A选项“在不久的将来，将会严重劳动力短缺”正确。B选项“婴儿潮一代对美国经济贡献很大”：根据第二段最后一句butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.（但如果不进行重大政策改革，婴儿潮一代大规模提前退休的可能性似乎更大。），这里没有讲婴儿潮一代对美国经济贡献很大，属于曲解原文。C选项“政府有关老年人的政策已经过时了”：文中没有提到关于老年人的政策，属于无中生有。D选项“年长的工人热衷于将社会福利收入囊中”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。文章在第四段第一句提出HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetowork（哈德逊研究所的研究人员认为，联邦税收和福利政策是错误的，改革迫在眉睫，但他们不同意一项广受欢迎的提议，即美国老年人必须工作。），可知作者赞同美国老年人必须工作的观点，随后在第四段最后一句提出Accordingto…theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet…thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.（根据华尔街股市的持续上涨……有证据表明，婴儿潮一代将工作到65岁，比前几代人拥有更多的金融资产。），可知华尔街股市持续上涨的例子是为了支持上面美国老年人必须工作的观点，C选项“反驳有经验的工人提前退休的观点”正确。A选项“正在呼吁人们关注婴儿潮一代所享有的特权”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。B选项“要求政府采取对策解决劳动力短缺问题”：这里没有提到解决劳动力短缺的问题，属于出处错位。D选项“为联邦税收和福利政策的无效辩护”：作者和哈德逊研究所一样认为联邦税收和福利政策是错误，不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第一段提出有经验的工人提前退休具有危害，第二段提出需要用政策使他们延长就业，第三段指出他们为什么会提前退休，第四段强调老员工必须工作，第五段阐述了哈德逊研究所对有经验的老员工提前退休的建议后总结必须延长有经验的老员工的工作时间。文章在各个方面阐述为什么需要延长有经验的老员工的工作时间，也给出了建议，D选项“给有经验的老员工延长工作时间的可行性”正确。A选项“主张彻底改革政府政策”：文章只涉及到老员工提前退休的政策，没有提出让政府彻底改革，属于偷换概念。B选项“考虑退休后的福利”：这只是文章的部分内容，属于以偏概全。C选项“将哈德逊研究人员所相信的付诸实践”：作者引用哈德逊研究人员的研究内容只是为了佐证自己的观点，不是想表达的重点，属于曲解原文。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

问题1选项

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。multiply意为“乘”；breed意为“饲养，培育(动植物)”；magnify意为“放大”；generation作名词时，意为“产生，繁殖”。

句意：将野生植物培育成小麦等主要粮食作物需要进行大量的研究，这一点是千真万确的。

10.单选题

Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.

问题1选项

A.ontheguard

B.onthewatch

C.onwatch

D.onalert

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项搭配不正确，应为onguard“站岗，警惕，提防”；B选项onthewatch“留神，守候，注意”；C选项onwatch“值班，放哨，监视”；D选项onalert“提防着，警惕着”。根据Thecustomsinspector（海关稽查员）与smugglers（走私者）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：海关稽查员在密切关注着走私者。

11.单选题

Sometimestheseareclearlystatedbutmoreoftenthannottheyare________inattitudesandactions.

问题1选项

A.implicit

B.hidden

C.existent

D.covered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“含蓄的，盲从的”；B选项“隐藏的”；C选项“现存的，存在的”；D选项“覆盖的，隐藏着的”。句意：有时候这些东西被描述得很清晰，但是他们会在态度或者行动上（）。根据题干关键词“clearly”和“but”，选A更符合题意，这些描述得很清楚，但是在行动或者态度方面他们是隐晦的。B，D选项一般和by搭配。C选项带入句子中不符合逻辑。

12.单选题

Intheworldofshowbusiness,forexample,fameisapttobebreathtakingly（

）,ayearinthelimelightfollowedbytotalobscurity.

问题1选项

A.ephemeral

B.peripheral

C.perpetual

D.evanescent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ephemeral“短暂的；朝生暮死的”；B选项peripheral“外围的；次要的”；C选项perpetual“永久的；四季开花的”；D选项evanescent“容易消散的；逐渐凋零的”。句意：例如，在演艺界，名声往往是惊人地……，引人注目的一年之后，就完全默默无闻了。本句表示名声时间段，应该搭配“短暂的”更合适，因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Tohandlethedelicatesituation,youmustbe______.

问题1选项

A.carefullyenough

B.enoughcarefully

C.morethancareful

D.morecarefully

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。morethan用于形容词或副词前，意思为“非常；十分”。根据be动词后接形容词确定C选项morethancareful“非常小心”正确。其余选项中carefully是副词，不放在be动词后面。句意：要处理这个微妙的局面，你必须非常小心。C选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.

问题1选项

A.sophisticated

B.competitive

C.considerate

D.superficial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated“久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive“有竞争力的”；considerate“体贴的”；superficial“肤浅的”。句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（）afterthefloodin1991.

问题1选项

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。survive“幸存”；suspend“延缓，推迟”；suffer“遭遇”；subject“使臣服”。句意：在政府帮助下，有很多人在1991年的那场洪涝灾害中幸存了下来。A项符合题意。

16.单选题

Packagingworkersseemtogofasterwhentheygettheir（）windafteracupofcoffee.

问题1选项

A.second

B.third

C.sixth

D.seventh

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项second“（num.）第二；居第二位的；另外的；（adj.）第二的；另外的；次要的；（n.）秒；瞬间；第二名；二等品；（v.）支持，附议；临时调派”；B选项third“（num.）第三；三分之一；（n.）三分之一；三等学位；（adj.）第三的；三分之一的”；C选项sixth“（n.）第六；（比赛或竞赛的）第六名；六分之一；六年级；六度音程；六度音；（adj.）（与the连用）第六的，第六个的；六分之一的”；D选项seventh“（num.）第七；（n.）七分之一；（比赛或竞赛的）第七名；第七（用来引出第七个要点或原因）；（音乐）七度音程，七度和弦；（adj.）第七的；七分之一的；（adv.）居第七位地；第七点（用来引出第七个要点或原因）”。根据固定搭配getone’ssecondwind“再度恢复精力和力量”可知该题选second。getthewindupsomeone“使受到惊吓，使担心害怕”。句意：包装工人在喝了一杯咖啡后恢复了体力，工作速度变快了。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Theyoungperformerscapturedandheldtheaudience’sattentionfromthemomentthecurtainwentup.

问题1选项

A.gathered

B.caught

C.grabbed

D.trapped

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项gathered“聚集”；B选项caught“捕捉”；C选项grabbed“抓住”；D选项trapped“诱捕”。句意：年轻的演员们从幕布升起的那一刻起就吸引住了观众的注意力。根据句意，C选项与划线词意思贴近，因此C选项符合题意。

18.问答题

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seedandfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandproviding,flood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(杂交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatimpactdidthedecliningdemandforAmericanfarmproductshaveonAmericanfarmproducts?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatworsenedAmericanfarmers’financialsituationin1930s?

3.WhywastheFederalFarmBoardestablishedin1929?

4.WhatwasplannedintheAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoraisefarmprices?

5.WhywastheAgriculturalAdjustmentActdeclaredunconstitutional?

【答案】答：

1.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.

2.GreatDepression.

3.Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

4.Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction.

5.Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers.

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意思是“对美国农产品需求的下降对美国农产品产生了什么影响？”。文章第一段提到Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.（随着欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复过来，并开始实施紧缩计划以减少进口，20世纪20年代对美国农产品的需求下降了；结果是农产品价格急剧下降），因此答案为Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices（结果是农产品价格急剧下降）。

2.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，是什么恶化了20世纪30年代美国农民的财政状况？”。第一段最后一句提到ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.（从1929年开始并延续到1939年的大萧条使这些发展更加恶化），由此可知答案为GreatDepression（经济大萧条）。

3.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么联邦农业委员会成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到itrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.（代表了为农民提供更大经济稳定性的第一个国家性