考研考博-英语-合肥工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2VIP

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways______enough.

问题1选项

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inexplicable“费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的”；B选项healthy“健康的，健全的；有益于健康的”；C选项sound“合理的；无损的；有能力的；充足的；彻底的；熟睡的；资金充实的；严厉的；健全的”；D选项straight“直的；连续的；笔直的；正直的；整齐的；异性恋的”。句意：我们可以靠威廉去完成这个任务，因为他的决策总是合理的。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

OliveoilhasbeenoneofthestaplesoftheMediterraneandietforthousandsofyearsanditspopularityisgrowingrapidlyinotherpartsoftheworld.Itisoneofthemostversatileoilsforcookinganditenhancesthetasteofmanyfoods.Oliveoilistheonlytypeofvegetable/fruitoilthatcanbeobtainedfromjustpressing.Mostothertypesofpopularoils(cor,canola,etc.)mustbeprocessedinotherwaystoobtaintheoil.Anotherimportantbonusisthatoliveoilhasprovenhealthbenefits.Threebasicgradesofoliveoilaremostoftenavailabletotheconsumer:extraVirgin;VirginandOliveOil.Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.Thesefactorsallcontributetotheindividualcharacteristicsoftheoliveoil.

Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.Oliveswillsurviveonverypoorsiteswithshallowsoilsbutwillgrowveryslowlyandyieldpoorly.Deepsoilstendtoproduceexcessivelyvigoroustrees,alsowithloweryields.Theidealsiteforoliveoilproductionisaclayloamsoilwithgoodinternalandsurfacedrainage.Irrigationisnecessarytoproduceheavycropsandavoidalternatebearing.Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.Thegrowingseasonalsomustbewarmenoughsofruitsmaturebeforeevenlightfallfrosts(usuallybyearlyNovember)becauseofpotentialdamagetothefruitandoilquality.Fortunatelyolivetreesareveryhardyinhotsummertemperaturesandtheyaredroughttolerant.

Thebestoliveoilsholdacertificatebyanindependentorganizationthatauthenticatesthestonegroundandcoldpressedextractionprocess.Inthisprocess,olivesarefirstharvestedbyhandattheproperstageofripenessandmaturity.Expertsfeelthathandharvesting,asopposedtomechanicalharvesting,eliminatesbruisingofthefruitwhichcausestartnessandoilacidity.Theolivesharvestedaretransferreddailytothemill.Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.Someextravirginoliveoilproducersareknowntotransfertheolivesbymulti-tontrucksoverlongdistancesthatexposethefragilefruittocrushingweightandthehotsun,whichcausestheolivestobeginoxidizingandthusbecomingacidic.Inadditiontothetimelapsebetweenharvestingandpressing,oliveoilmustbeobtainedusingmechanicalprocessesonlytobeconsideredvirginorextravirgin.Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.

Onceatthemill,theleavesaresuckedawaywithairfansandtheolivesarewashedwithcirculatingpotablewatertoremoveallimpurities.Thefirststepofextractionismashingtheolivestocreateapaste.Theoil,comprising20%to30%oftheolive,isnestledinpocketswithinthefruit’scells.Theolivesarecrushedinamillwithtwogranitemillstonesrollingwithinametalbasin.Crushingandmixingtheolivesreleasestheoilfromthecellsoftheolivewithoutheatingthepaste.Asideshutteronthemill’sbasinallowsthemixedolivepastetobedischargedandappliedtoroundmats.Thematsarestackedandplacedundertheheadofahydraulicpressframethatappliesdownwardpressureandextractstheoil.Thefirstpressingyieldsthesuperiorqualityoil,andthesecondandthirdpressingsproduceinferiorqualityoil.Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.Theolivepulpisplacedonmatsconstructedwithhemporpolypropylenethatarestackedandthenpressedtosqueezethepulp.Oilandwaterfilterthroughthematstoacollectiontankbelow.Thewaterandoilarethenseparatedinacentrifuge.

Regardlessofthemethodusedforthefirstpressing,thetemperatureoftheoilduringproductionisextremelyimportantinordertomaintainthedistinctcharacteristicsoftheoil.Ifthetemperatureoftheoilclimbsabove86°F,itwillbedamagedandcannotbeconsideredcold-pressed.

Thefirstpressingoilcontainsthemost“polyphenols”,substancesthathavebeenfoundtobepowerfulantioxidantscapableofprotectingagainstcertaintypesofdisease.Thepolyphenolsarenottheonlysubstancesintheolivewithhealth-promotingeffects,buttheyarequiteuniquewhencomparedtoothercommonlyusedculinaryoilssuchassunflowerandsoy.Itisthesepolyphenolsthatreallysetextravirginoliveoilsapartfromanyotheroilandanyotherformofoliveoil.Themorerefinedtheoliveoilis,thesmallerthequantityofpolyphenols.

Theresultoftheproducer’seffortsisacoldpressedextravirginoliveoilwithhighqualitystandardsandorganolepticcharacteristics,whichgivetheoilitshealth-protectiveandaromaticproperties.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffecttheindividualfeaturesofoliveoilsfromdifferentregions?

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTpartofolivetreemanagement?

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemaindangeroffrost?

4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffectthe“extravirgin”oliveoilcertification?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Pickingtechniques

B.Thedateofthepicking

C.Olivevarieties

D.Accesstowater

问题2选项

A.Carefulwatering

B.Replanting

C.Killingparasites

D.Feeding

问题3选项

A.Killstheolivetrees.

B.Thefruitwon’tmature.

C.Notenoughfruitwillbeproduced.

D.Theolivesproducedwillbesmallinsize.

问题4选项

A.Thetemperatureoftheextractionprocess.

B.Thetimegapbetweentreeandbottle.

C.Whichpressingtheoilistakenfrom.

D.Usingwaterintheextractionprocess.

问题5选项

A.Olivetreesdon’tneedaregularsupplyofwatertosurvive.

B.Noothercookingoilsapartfromoliveoilcontainpolyphenols.

C.Damagetoolivesbeforetheyarepressedcanaffectthetasteoftheoil.

D.Manyproducersextractedmoreoilafterthefirstpressingtoproducevirgin.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第七句话“Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.（除了基本等级外，不同国家或地区的橄榄油也有所不同，原因在于所种植的橄榄的种类、收获方法、收获时间和压榨技术。）”，由此可知A选项“采摘技术”；B选项“收获时间”；C选项“橄榄的品种”都会影响橄榄油的特性，只有D选项“供水”不会影响，因此D选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第一句话“Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.（为了获得良好的经济产量，橄榄树必须得到适当的护理，护理包括定期灌溉、修剪、施肥和灭虫。）”，由此可知A选项“小心灌溉”；C选项“灭虫”；D选项“喂养”都是橄榄树护理的一部分，只有B选项“再植”不是，因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段的第六句话“Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.（该地点必须不受严冬霜冻的影响，因为在15°F以下的温度下，橄榄树会受到损害，而一段时间的严寒天气可能会毁掉一个好收成的机会。）”，由此可推断出霜冻会杀死橄榄树。B选项“水果不会成熟”；C选项“水果产量不够”；D选项“所生产的橄榄体积较小”都是附带提及，只有A选项“杀死橄榄树”才是主要的危险。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.（这是非常重要的，因为每天的转换将采摘和按压之间的时间减少到最小。）”和“Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.（如果用加热和/或化学方法生产橄榄油，或者时间间隔太长，就不能称之为初榨或特级初榨橄榄油。）”，由此可知除了采摘和压榨时间考究外，还有热量和化学过程需要注意。A选项“提取过程的温度”；B选项“树和瓶子之间的时间间隔”；C选项“用哪种方式压榨”都会影响“特级初榨”橄榄油认证，只有D选项“在提取过程中用水”文章没有提到，因此D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。A选项“橄榄树不需要定期供水来生存”说法错误，文章第二段就提到了橄榄树需要定期灌溉；B选项“除橄榄油外，没有其他食用油含有多酚”文章没有提及；C选项“橄榄压榨前的损坏会影响油的味道”说法正确，文中第三段有说到橄榄受到损害后会呈酸性；D选项“许多生产商在第一次压榨后提取了更多的油来生产初榨油”说法错误，文中第四段说到“Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.（一些单一的地产生产商只收集最初压榨产生的油，而许多其他生产商使用额外的步骤来提取更多的油。）”因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Field-based,sociallycomplexeducationprogramcallforadifferentframeworkandmethodologyforevidencegathering,（）therigorinthe“science”ofinvestigativeprocessesmustbeevaluatedwithadifferentsetofcriteria（）aretraditionallyemployedwithRCTsorquasi-experiment.

问题1选项

A.X...X

B.that...that

C.where...than

D.which...which

【答案】D

【解析】根据题意，第一个空格为非限制定语从句，选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是定语从句，先行词为criteria，所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

问题1选项

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娱乐”；symposium“座谈会’；penalty“惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Itisfinallyrealizedhowfoolishitistodevelopoureconomy（

）theenvironment.

问题1选项

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.atthecostof

D.intermsof

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词短语辨析。forthesakeof为了…；onbehalfof代表…；atthecostof以…为代价；intermsof在…方面。句意：人们终于明白了以牺牲环境为代价来发展经济是多么愚蠢的行为。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,（）byhisguide,wouldfindhiswaythroughthejungle.

问题1选项

A.havingbeendeserted

B.havingdeserted

C.tohavebeendeserted

D.tobedeserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系，B选项havingdesert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项tohavebeendeserted和D选项tobedeserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项havingbeendeserted相当于whohadbeendeserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

7.单选题

Manyyearsago,alotoffactorieswere（

）frombigcitiestothemountainousareasincaseofwar.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transmitted

D.transported

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似动词词义辨析。transfer“转移；调任”；transform“改变，使······变形；转换”；transmit“传输；传播”；transport“运输；运送”。句意：很多年前，如果有战争，大量的工厂就会从大城市被转移到山区。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Assuminglythathedisagreeswithourproposal,whatshallwedonext?

问题1选项

A.If

B.Whatif

C.When

D.Whatabout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析与条件状语从句。Assumingly的动词原形是assume，放在句首表示疑问“假定，假使”；A项if“如果”，一般用法为ifthat+从句；B项whatif“假使……将会怎么样”，用法为whatif+主语+谓语；C项when“何时”，引导时间状语从句；D项whatabout“怎么样”，引导特殊疑问句。句意：假如他不同意我们的建议，那我们下一步怎么办？根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。

9.单选题

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

问题1选项

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disinterested“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选项正确。

10.单选题

______anypreviousexperience,Johndoesn’tstandachanceofgettingthatjob.

问题1选项

A.Nothaving

B.Nothavinghad

C.Havingnot

D.Havingnothad

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：约翰因为没有相关经验，没有机会得到那份工作。句子前半部分是后半部分的现在分词的否定形式是notdoing，A选项Nothaving符合题意，C选项用法错误。非谓语动词不体现时态，B选项Nothavinghad是现在完成时，D选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

11.写作题

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic:

OnKnowledgeandAbility

【答案】OnKnowledgeandAbility12.单选题

Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(辍学者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.Attrition(缩/减员，磨损)atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’

“Theresultsofourresearch,”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

31.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat___.

32.Researchhasshownthat___.

33.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.___.

34.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat___.

35.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin___.

问题1选项

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropoutD.thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

问题2选项

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.sinfinancialattainment

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies

C.D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.

D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsoutD.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree

问题3选项

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programsD.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities

问题4选项

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropoutsD.Ph.D.sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions

问题5选项

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow.

B.academicrequirementtoohigh.

C.D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.

D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.salaryfordropoutstoohigh.D.1000positions.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】31.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文定位到第一段开头Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(辍学者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.（教育工作者非常关注哲学博士候选人的高辍学率，以及一个需要博士生的国家随之而来的人才流失）以及第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.（一些人认为，通过说服辍学者回到研究生院攻读博士学位，可以减少受过良好训练的专家和大学教师的短缺）可知一些人希望采取措施说服辍学者重回校园，选A选项“应该采取措施让辍学者重返校园”；B选项“那些辍学的学生应该回到质量较低的学校继续他们的学业”，C选项“拥有博士学位的人通常比辍学的人更能适应环境”以及D选项“高辍学率很大程度上是由于教员缺乏激励”和原文不符合。因此A选项正确。

32.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段开头Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent（调查发现，辍学率为31%）可知辍学人数占据三分之一，D选项“大约三分之一开始攻读博士学位的人没有完成学业获得学位”符合原文；第二段结尾Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他们不仅经济状况良好，而且，根据这份报告，他们的收入水平并不比那些继续攻读博士学位的人低多少）可知A选项“在经济成就方面，辍学者大大低于博士”和原文相悖；原文1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.（1.缺乏动力是退学的主要原因）可知B选项“激励因素是攻读博士学位的次要因素”和原文相悖；原文3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.（3.大多数辍学者现在从事与他们的教育和动机相一致的工作）可知C选项“如果博士候选人辍学，他很可能改变他的专业领域”和原文相悖。因此D选项正确。

33.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“foreignlanguagerequirements”定位到原文倒数第三段butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.（但那些提到学术原因的人以未能通过资格考试、未完成研究和未能通过语言考试为由）可推测出外语要求是博士生课程的基本组成部分，选C选项“是许多博士项目的重要组成部分”；倒数第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退学者表示，他们的决定没有学术原因）可知学术原因不是导致退学的主要原因，A选项“是退学最常见的原因”不符合原文；B选项“对理科考生来说比人文学科考生来说更难”以及D选项“不同的大学在难度上没有太大的差别”原文未涉及。因此C选项正确。

34.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段开头Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.（至于让辍学学生重返校园的可能性，前景不容乐观）可知无法得出A选项“在让从博士学位辍学的人重新攻读学位的问题上，乐观主义占据了主导地位”这一结论；B选项“一个从博士学位退学的人，总的来说，没有获得学位所需要的条件”以及C选项“学院和大学雇佣了许多退学学生”文章无提及，因此也没有能从文章得出这个结论这一说，排除；根据倒数第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其他领域）可以推测出D选项“博士们在非学术岗位上挣的钱比不上他们应得的”，排除。因此A选项符合题意。

35.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段最后一句Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.s.tendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.（这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域）以及最后一段Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.（至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作）推测出高辍学率主要在于博士的薪水太低，选A选项“博士的薪水太低”；倒数第三段Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision（近75%的退学者表示，他们的决定没有学术原因）可知学术要求太高不是导致退学的主要原因，B选项“学术要求太高”错误；根据第二段Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.（他们不仅经济状况良好，而且，根据这份报告，他们的收入水平并不比那些继续攻读博士学位的人低多少）可知C选项“辍学者的薪水太高”属于过度推断；D选项“1000个职位”和原文不符。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace.（）,thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词辨析。therefore“因此”；furthermore“而且”；accordingly“相应地”；nevertheless“不过，然而”。句意：伦敦马拉松是一个很难的比赛。但是，每年都有成千上万的跑步者参赛。由前后句意可判断这两句是转折关系，故D项正确。

14.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

英国食品安全机构本周日称，一年前，3个欧盟国家已经得到关于马肉问题的通知。这些通知于2012年2月1日、15日和3月7日发出，通知特别指出了丹麦、匈牙利和意大利应当调查关于马肉的问题。它还在欧盟的食品和饲料快速警告系统中发布。

【答案】Britain’sfoodsafetyagencysaidonSundaythatthreeEuropeanUnioncountrieshadbeennotifiedaboutthehorsemeatproblemayearago.Thenotices,issuedon1February,15March2012and7March2012,specificallystatedthatDenmark,HungaryandItalyshouldinvestigatetheissueofhorsemeat.ItisalsopublishedintheEU’sRapidWarningsystemforfoodandfeed.

15.不定项选择题

Themostvaluablediamondsarelarge,individualcrystalsofpurecrystallintcarbon.Lessperfectforms,knownas“boars”and“carbonado”areclustersoftinycrystals.Untildiamondsarecutandpolished,theydonotsparklelikethoseyouseeonaring—theyjustlooklikesmall,blue-greystones.

InarathercrudeformthecuttingandpolishingofpreciousstoneswasanartknowntotheAncientEgyptians,andinthemiddleAgesitbecamewidespreadinnorth-westEurope.However,arevolutionarychangeinthemethodsofcuttingandpolishingwasmadein1476whenLudwigVanBerquenofBrugesinBelgiuminventedtheuseofaswiftlyrevolvingwheelwithitsedgefacedwithfinediamondpowder.Thename“boast”isgiventothisfinepowderaswellasthenaturalcrystallinematerialalreadymentioned.Itisalsogimptobadlyflawedorbrokendiamondcrystals,uselessasjewelsthatarebrokenintopowderforgrindingpurposes,theso-called“industrial”diamonds.

Diamonditselfistheonlymaterialhardenoughtocutandpolishdiamonds—thoughrecently,high-intensitylightbeamscalledlasershavebeendevelopedwhichcanboreholesinthem.Itmaybenecessarytosplitorcleavethelargestonesbeforetheyarecutandpolished.

Everydiamondhasanaturallineofcleavage,alongwhichitmaybesplitbyasharpblowwithacuttingedge.Afullycut“brilliant”diamondhas58facets,orfaces,regularlyarranged.Forcuttingorfaceting,thestonesarefixedintocopperholdersandheldagainstawheel,edgedwithamixtureofOilandfinediamonddust,whichisrevolvedatabout2,500revolutionsaminute.AmsterdamandAntwerp,inHollandandBelgiumrespectively,havebeenthecentreofthediamondcuttingandpolishingindustryforoversevencenturies.

Thejewelvalueofbrilliantdiamondsdependsgreatlyontheircolors,or“water”asitiscalled.Theusualcoolersofdiamondsarewhite,yellow,brown,greenorblue.Surroundingrocksandtakeontheircolor,thusblack,redandevenbrightpinkdiamondshaveoccasionallybeenfound.

Thetradeindiamondsisnotonlyinthevaluablegemstonesbutalsointheindustrialdiamondsmentionedabove.Zaireproduces70%ofsuchstones.Theyarefixedintotherockdrillsusedinminingandcivilengineering,alsoforedgingbandsawsforcuttingstone.Diamond-facedtoolsareusedforcuttinganddrillingglassandfineporcelainandfordentists’drills.Theyareusedasbearingsinwatchesandotherfinelybalancedinstruments.Perhapsyouownsomediamondswithoutknowingit—inyourwristwatch!

1.“Carbonado”isthenamegivento（）.

2.Theartofcuttingandpolishingpreciousstonesremainedcrudeuntil（）.

3.Duringfaceting,diamondsareheldincopperholders（）.

4.Thevalueorderofwaterindiamond（）.

5.Industrialdiamondsareused（）.

问题1选项

A.onlytheverybestdiamonds

B.lumpsofpurecarbon

C.Spanishdiamonds

D.diamondsmadeupofmanysmallcrystals

问题2选项

A.thefourteenthcentury

B.thefifteenthcentury

C.thesixteenthcentury

D.theseventeenthcentury

问题3选项

A.tofacilitateaccuratecutting

B.tomakethemshinemorebrilliantly

C.sothattheycanrevolvemoreeasily

D.asasteelholdermightdamagethediamond

问题4选项

A.ismoreimportantthantheircolor

B.rangesfromblue-whiteupwards

C.rangesfrombluewhitedownwards

D.hasneverbeenreliablyestablished

问题5选项

A.forawiderangeofpurposes

B.mainlyfordentists’drills

C.fordecorationinringsandwatches

D.principallyinmass-producedjewellery

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。“黑金刚石”是用来称呼什么的？选项A“仅仅是最好的钻石”；选项B“纯碳团”；选项C“西班牙钻石”；选项D“由小水晶组成的钻石”，根据第一段中“Lessperfectforms,knownas‘boars’and‘carbonado’areclustersoftinycrystals.”不那么完美的形式，被称为“野猪”或者“黑金刚钻”，是一簇小水晶组成的，所以“黑金刚钻”指的是小水晶组成的钻石，故正确答案为选项D。

第2题:细节事实题。切割和打磨宝石的工艺保持着粗糙直到，选项A“十四世纪”；选项B“十五世纪”；选项C“十六世纪”；选项D“十七世纪”，第二段首先说了粗糙的切割和打磨钻石的工艺开始于古埃及，然后“However,arevolutionarychangeinthemethodsofcuttingandpolishingwasmadein1476when...然而切割和打磨钻石的工艺在1476年发生了革命性的变化”，所以直到15世纪这种粗糙的工艺才被革新，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:推理判断题。在切磨刻面的时候，钻石用铜架固定，选项A“使切割更精确”；选项B“让它们发出更璀璨的光”；选项C“为了让它们更容易旋转”；选项D“因为铁架会损坏钻石”，选项B和D表达的内容文章没有提到，且也没有任何表述暗示，故可以排除；根据文章第四段中“fixedintocopperholders固定在铜架上”中fixed一词可知将钻石固定在铜架上是为了让其固定，选项C中revolve一词明显与此目的不符，所以可以排除；故正确答案为选项A，为了让其更好的被打磨，从而提高打磨与切割的精确度。

第4题:推理判断题。钻石的“水度”价值排序，选项A“比他们的颜色更重要”；选项B“由蓝到白递增”；选项C“由蓝到白递减”；选项D“没有被确定地建立”，文章倒数第二段中在讲述钻石的颜色的时候并没有对其价值做出比较与说明，所以可以排除选项B和C；根据“dependsgreatlyontheircolor,or‘water’asitiscalled…很大程度上取决于它们的颜色，或者所谓的‘水度’”，可以知道颜色和水度其实是表示的同一种东西，所以它们之间不存在比较，所以选项A错误；故正确答案为选项D，并没有明确的标准来鉴定这种价值排序。

第5题:推理判断题。工业钻石被用来，选项A“在很多用途上”；选项B“主要作为牙医的钻子”；选项C“作为戒指和手表的装饰物”；选项D“主要在大量生产的宝石上”，根据最后一段中的内容“它们被镶在矿业和土木工程所用的凿石器上，也被用在用来切石头的锯子边缘上。钻石做成的工具被用来切割或者打孔玻璃，细瓷器，或者用作牙医的钻子。它们被用做手表或者精密仪器的轴承。”这些内容讲述的是钻石的工业用途，根据此段内容我们可以推断钻石的工业用途有很多，选项B、C和D表达的内容明显太过局限，故正确答案为选项A。

16.写作题

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinthispart.

【答案】Inthisexcerptfromanovel,theauthortellsthestoryofanewlymarriedcoupleonatraininTexas.Atthebeginning，theauthorgivesadetaileddescriptionofthecouple,whichshowsthattheyarenotrich.Byportrayingtheluxuriousfurnishingsinthetrain