考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

.AnyDemocraticpresidentwilltryto_______theUnitedStatesfromthemessinIraq,yetallwouldfacerigidconstraints.

问题1选项

A.knockout

B.distinguish

C.overture

D.extricate

【答案】D

【解析】knockout击倒;distinguish区别,辨别;overture作动词意为建议;extricate使摆脱,解救。句意：任何一位民主党总统都将试图把美国从伊拉克的混乱中解救出来,但所有人都将面临严格的约束。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

问题1选项

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项fundamentally“根本地”；B选项comparatively“相对地”；C选项certainly“无疑地”；D选项insignificantly“无关紧要地”。句意：计算机革命很可能像工业革命一样______改变社会。根据语境，这里指的是计算机革命和工业革命一样对社会的影响重大，A选项fundamentally“根本地”符合题意。题干中提到计算机革命很可能会改变社会，C选项certainly“无疑地”错误。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

“ThissuggeststhepossibilitythatatreatmentlikethiscouldbetestedtoseeifitcoulddelaytheonsetofAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidProf.Holtzman.

问题1选项

A.spread

B.decline

C.start

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项spread“传播；伸展”；B选项decline“下降；衰退”；C选项start“开始；起点”；D选项increase“增加；增长”。句意：霍尔茨曼教授说：“这表明，有可能对这种治疗方法进行测试，看看它能否延缓阿尔茨海默氏症的……。”由关键信息treatment“治疗”和病症Alzheimer’sdisease“老年痴呆症疾病”，其治疗目的是为了delay“延迟”。老年痴呆症是每个人会遇到的问题，无法避免，只能看是否通过治疗延缓其开始的时间。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Perhapsmostimportant,thereportcould_______morelight,thoughitdoesgivesome,onhowchildwelfareischangingovertime.

问题1选项

A.glance

B.reckon

C.cast

D.resort

【答案】C

【解析】glance扫视,匆匆一看;reckon估计,猜想;cast投,拋,计算;resort求助。castlighton使明白,使真相大白。句意：也许最重要的是,虽然报告中涉及了一些,但报告应该让我们明白,随着时间的推移儿童福利正在发生怎样的变化。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Within,the（）ofgivendata,thebiographerseekstoilluminatefactualinformationaboutapersonandtransformsitintoinsight.

问题1选项

A.bounds

B.archives

C.networks

D.goals

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。bound界限，限制；archive档案文件；network网络；goal目标。句意：在给定数据的界限内，这个传记作家试图解释一个人的事实信息，然后将其转化为洞察力。

6.翻译题

一本好书往往珍藏着一个人所能想到的最美妙的东西，因此，好书就是一座座收藏着美好话语和崇高思想的宝库。这些珍藏的话语和思想会随时随地陪伴并抚慰我们。

书中自有颜如玉，书中自有黄金屋。读书是赏心悦目，陶冶情操；读书是走进先哲，聆听教诲；读书是体验鸟语，感受花香。书能引导我们进入最优秀的社会群体，将我们带到有史以来最伟大的思想家面前。在书中我们能够与先贤们博古烁今，能够与文人骚客煮酒论歌，能够从无数正反面的故事中，吸取教训，增长见识。

开卷有益，这是自古以来人们的共识。每一个人要想在知识的山峰上登得越高，眼前展现的景色越壮阔，就要多读书。读书是开阔视野，获取渊博知识的最佳途径。让我们都来读书吧！

【答案】Agoodbookoftentreasuresupthemostwonderfulthingsofonecanthinkof,sogoodbooksaretreasurehousesofgloriouswordsandloftythoughts.Thesetreasuredwordsandthoughtswillalwaysbewithusandcomfortus.

Withinbooks,onecanfindgirlswithcomplexionslikejadeandhousesmadeofgold.Readingisafeastfortheeyesandcultivatingourtaste;Readingistowalkintotheancientsagesandtolistentotheedification;Readingistoexperiencethesoundofbirdsandthesmellofflowers.Bookscanleadusintothebestsocialgroups,tothegreatestthinkersthroughouthistory.Inthebookswecanpossessawideknowledgeofthingsancientandmodernwithancientsages;wecanappreciatepoemswithpoets;wecanlearnfrominnumerablepositiveandnegativestoriesandincreaseourknowledge.

Peoplehavelongrealizedthatreadingenrichesthemind.Ifyouwanttoclimbhigheronthemountainofknowledge,themoremagnificenttheviewyoucansee,youmustreadmore.Readingisthebestwaytobroadenourhorizonandacquireprofoundknowledge.Let’sallread!

7.翻译题

加拿大移民条例虽不把英籍香港华人与其他英国殖民地人民一视同仁，然加拿大比美国较为关心香港移民却是千真万确的事。1962年，加拿大方面鉴于香港难民众多，在各方呼吁下，自动提出愿意接受香港方面100个家庭单位来加。多伦多《明星报》（TorontoStar）在3月23日的社论中还讥讽其为一种姿态罢了。其实，移民局早已着手调查，寻找符合条件并愿意赴加的家庭。还有一些组织和机构，如“教会联合总会”（GeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch）于9月开会时曾大声疾呼加拿大应该容纳香港难民10000名。11月21日第一批来自香港的家庭抵加，至年底计有62个家庭单位，合共人数139名由港抵加。11月16日，贝尔宣布调查中国移民舞弊案结束。移民局长表示那些在加华人如愿归化入籍，手续将加以简化。反对党派、舆论界、加拿大华人团体一致拥护移民局的这项宣布。

【答案】ItistruethatCanadaismoreconcernedaboutHongKongimmigrationthantheUnitedStates,althoughCanada’simmigrationlawsdonottreatBritishHongKongChineseasequalstootherBritishcolonists.In1962,inviewofthelargenumberofrefugeesinHongKong,Canadavoluntarilyofferedtoaccept100familyunitsfromHongKongundertheappealofallparties,whichhasbeensatirizedasapracticeofformalismbyTorontoStar’sEditorialonMarch23th.ButthetruthistheImmigrationAuthorityhasalreadyundertakinginvestigation,lookingforqualifiedfamilieswhoarewillingtoCanada.Otherinstitutionsandorganization,suchastheGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch,haveclamoredinmeetingCanadashouldaccept10000HongKongrefugeesGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurchinSeptember.OnNovember21th,thefirstbatchoffamilyfromHongKongarrivedinCanada.Anestimated62familyunitfromHongKong,totalnumberof139followingtillthisyearend.OnNovember16,BaerannouncedtheendofChineseImmigrationFraudinvestigation.TheimmigrationministersaystheprocesswillbesimplifiedforthoseChineseinCanadawhowanttobecomenaturalized.Oppositionparties,opinionmakersandtheChineseCanadiancommunityallsupportedtheannouncement.

8.单选题

Thefreshmantookawhileto（

）himselfthenewenvironmentoftheuniversity.

问题1选项

A.familiarize

B.modify

C.orient

D.alter

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。orient...to…“使……适应……”。句意：大学新生花了一段时间使自己适应大学的新环境。根据句意，C为正确答案。

9.翻译题

IntheeyesofChinese,whatisimportantabouteating,especiallyatfestivals,istoatinawarmatmosphere.

【答案】在中国人看来，吃饭最重要的是在一个温暖的气氛中，尤其是在节日里。

10.翻译题

Directions:Forthispart,youaretotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

【答案】InnovationinChinaisboomingatanunprecedentedrate.Inordertocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahasgreatlyincreaseditsresearchanddevelopmentfundinrecentyears.Theyarealsoworkingwithscienceandtechnologyparksaroundthecountrytocommercializetheirinnovations.Atthesametime,whetherinproductsorbusinessmodels,Chineseentrepreneursarestrivingtobepioneersininnovationtoadapttotheever-changingandgrowingneedsofdomesticandforeignconsumermarkets.

11.单选题

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

问题1选项

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

问题2选项

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

问题3选项

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

问题4选项

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

问题5选项

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求推断美国53,000人死亡的原因。根据关键词fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，这些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手烟中”，由此可以推断死亡者本人不抽烟，故B项“尽管他们不吸烟”正确。而A项“由于吸烟”和C项“因为他们的父母吸烟”明显错误；D选项“尽管他们的父母不抽烟”属于过度推断。因此本题正确答案为B项。

2.细节事实题。根据题干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根据下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我们有没有意识到，我们几乎都吸入烟草的烟，所以非吸烟者身体受损的原因是“因为他们吸入有毒的烟”，故A项正确。B选项原文没有提及，C选项与第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D选项根据第二段第三句“甚至非吸烟者身体内有过量的这些化学物质”可以排除。

3.细节事实题。题干要求找出错误选项。A选项“非吸烟者也许会被动吸入二手烟”，根据常识可判断正确；根据第一段最后一句可知非吸烟者可能死于二手烟，所以B选项“有些非吸烟者可能因为吸二手烟而死于肺癌”正确；根据第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C选项“我们都多多少少遭受二手烟的痛苦”正确；D选项“二手烟比抽烟本身伤害更大”在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有。因此本题答案为D项。

4.细节事实题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪一个不是二手烟对孩子的消极影响。根据题干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，这些孩子比家里没有人吸烟的更容易生病，故A选项正确，可排除；B选项“他们更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根据原文倒数第三句可知，C选项“孩子们长大了也会受二手烟的影响”正确，可排除。根据原文最后一句“父母吸烟的孩子长大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸烟的孩子的两倍多”可知，D选项“一些非吸烟者可能由于二手烟死于肺癌”正确，可排除。故本题正确答案为B。

5.推理判断题。题干要求判断以下那种孩子受二手烟的伤害最大。根据关键词children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽烟的孩子患肺癌的风险更高”。A选项为“5岁以下生活在无人抽烟的家庭的孩子”；B选项为“5岁以下生活在父亲或母亲一方抽烟的家庭的孩子”；C选项为“5岁以下生活在父母都抽烟的家庭的孩子”；D选项“5岁以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

12.单选题

Thereisno（）tothehousefromthemainroad.

问题1选项

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。access“通道，机会”；avenue“林荫大道，方法”；exposure“暴露”；edge“边缘”。句意：没有通道从主路通往那个房子。A项符合题意。

13.填空题

I’msurprisedthatshehasagreedtomarryJohn.Iknewthathe（1）goingtopropose,butI（2）hertosayno.I（3）whatledhertoaccepthisoffer.She’scertainlynotinlovewithhim!

【答案】1.was

2.considered

3.wonder

【解析】1.固定搭配。begoingtodo打算做…,前面的谓语动词knew用的过去式,因此这里也用过去式was。

2.固定搭配。

considersb.todosth.认为某人会…。

3.语义题。句意:我在想是什么让她决定接受他的求婚的。

14.单选题

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

问题1选项

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

问题2选项

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

问题3选项

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

问题4选项

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.时间安排不可避免地会带来压力，孩子们会因为有足够的时间而焦虑，尤其是我们是否准备好让他们应付未来的学业和社会压力。’确定D选项‘要使孩子们适应各种压力是很困难的’符合题意。

2.根据文章第二段第二句话‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人认为长时间的工作让他们很难有足够的时间和家人在一起。’确定C选项‘四分之三’符合题意。

3.根据文章倒数第二段确定TimGill的观点是当今的孩子们的压力比之前的大得多，所以C选项符合题意，正确。

4.根据文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高兴地是，已经有兆头显示有一些父母和学校甚至政治家已经意识到这个问题‘确定A选项‘在这个问题上看到一些变化是乐观的’正确。

15.单选题

Thelanguagebarriermadecommunicationdifficult,butfinally，partofmymes-

sage（）.

问题1选项

A.passedaway

B.wentover

C.cameup

D.gotthrough

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。passedaway去世；wentover重温，仔细检查；cameup发生，接近；gotthrough使理解，向讲清楚。句意：语言障碍使沟通很困难，但我的一部分想法最终还是被（）了。因此D选项符合句意。

16.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturescience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段最后一句指出:Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts)(为了尽可能简化该定义，假设科学被定义为分类知识（事实）)。因此D项“分类知识”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词theconstructionofamicroscope定位至最后一段:Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell(有些发现似乎如此简单，以至于人们惊奇地发现，它们在多年前没有被发现；然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现)。由此可知，B项“一定先于导致细胞的发现的应用科学”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience(一种是为了满足好奇心，被称为纯科学。另一个是为了将知识用于特定目的，例如改善健康、提高生活水平或创造新的消费品。在这种情况下，知识被用于经济用途，这种方法被称为应用科学)，因此C项“纯科学”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:做理论研究的科学家不必为忽视其发现的应用方面而受到指责。最后一段最后一句指出:Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries(许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际一面而感到抱歉)，由此可知A项正确。B:现在很少有人对科学的含义有任何概念。第一段第一句指出:Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning(科学这个词在现代是经常听到的，几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念)，由此可知B项错误。C:在科学领域，不难辨别虚实。第二段第一句指出:Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy(即使在真正的科学中，区分事实和虚构并不总是容易的)，因此C项错误。D:有实践头脑的人能理解纯科学的定义和目标。第五段第一句指出:Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards(有时，有实践头脑的人忽视了纯科学的意义，而只考虑即时的经济回报)，由此可知D项错误。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段探讨科学的本质，最后一段探讨科学家的本质，因此A项“科学和科学家的本质”最适合做文章标题。

17.单选题

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虚构的)entrylevelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkerthatforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.

NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanaceas(万灵药).Therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.

41.Alotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotknownbecause（）.

42.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthat（）.

43.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?

44.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat（）.

45.Theauthoris（）whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.

问题1选项

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon’tsueexceptthewhites

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem

D.benefitsfromwinningalawsuitmaynotbeenoughtocovertheexpenses

问题2选项

A.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts

B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninthehiringprocess

C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants

D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob

问题3选项

A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination.

B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination.

C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

问题4选项

A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast

B.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementsinthepast

C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan’tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination

D.therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationissue

问题5选项

A.pessimistic

B.partial

C.objective

D.doubtful

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】41.推理判断题。定位在第二段的最后一句casesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.（许多年龄歧视没有被发现）说出了事实，接下来第三段开始说明原因。根据第三段的最后一句Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.（其他群体不提出诉讼主要是因为诉讼费远远超过潜在的利益。）由此可知，许多年龄歧视的案例未被发现主要是因为提出诉讼的价格高，而给本人带来的利益也有限。因此D选项“打赢官司的好处可能不足以支付费用”正确，符合题意。A选项“年龄歧视法是最近才出台的”，B选项“除白人外，其他受歧视的群体不起诉”根据原文Mostofthosewho