考研考博-英语-和田职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-和田职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheplottoassassinateMartinLutherKinghadstarted___hewasactuallykilled.

问题1选项

A.beforelong

B.longbefore

C.solong

D.goalong

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.beforelong没过多久B.longbefore很早以前

C.solong这么长时间D.goalong进行；支持；赞同

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】“刺杀计划”（Theplottoassassinate）和空白处后“他真的被杀了”的逻辑可知：刺杀计划在他真正死后之前就开始了。同时，空白处之前的时态为过去完成时，空白处后的时态为过去时。这也说明了两者之间的先后关系。综上所述，B选项longbefore“很早以前”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“之前”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】

A选项beforelong意为“不久以后”；longbefore是“很久以前”。Beforelong用作时间状语，常与将来时、过去时态连用；longbefore体现过去时态，常用于过去时或过去完成时；

C、D选项不符合句子结构，无法与句子结合。

【句意】刺杀马丁•路德•金的计划在实施前酝酿已久。

2.单选题

AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.

The286NationalResearchCouncil(NRC)reportsaysthattocontinueonthepresentcourseunderbudgetsthatdon’tkeeppacewithinflation“istoinvitefailure,disillusionment,andthelossofthelongstandinginternationalperceptionthathumanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest.”

Amajorargumentagainstreturningtothemoonwasthatitdidn’tpencilout一thattherewasn’tnearlyenoughmoneydedicatedtotheprogram.IfthegoalisahumanlandingonMars,thecurrentstrategywon’twork.

“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars,”MitchDaniels,theformerIndianagovernorandco-chairofthecommittee,saidWednesdaymorninginaninterview.

A2009committeeappointedbyObamaurgedNASAtokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit.ButtheNRCreviewersarguethatNASAanditsinternationalpartnersshouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMarsanddowhateverittakestogetthere,stepbystep,avoidingchangesinstrategicdirection.

NASAofficials,awarethatcriticsseetheagencyasadrift,saytheyhavealreadybeenmovinginthedirectionadvocatedbytheNRC.TheirstrategytargetsMars,justastheNRCreportnowdemands,theysay.“AllthisworkwilleventuallyenableastronautmissionstoMars，”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldensaidinarecentNASAwhitepaper.

“NASA’sbeendoingsomework,andhasbeendoingsomethinkingoverthelastsixmonths,that

isinalignmentwithwhattheNRCsaysthetop-levelgoalsare，”saidGregWilliams,aNASAdeputyassociateadministrator.

ButWilliamswascooltothesuggestionofareturntothemoon,sayingtheairlessmoonofferslittlehelpindevelopingthekindofdescentandlandingtechniquesneededonMars,whichhasathin,troublesomeatmosphere.

TheNRCcommitteeprobedthephilosophicalquestionofwhywesendpeopleintospacetobeginwith.Thecommitteeconcludedthatthepurelypractical,economicbenefitsofhumanspaceflightdonotjustifythecostsbutthattheaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort.

1.ThereviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramisdescribedas（

）.

2.TheNationalResearchCouncilreportimpliesthat

（

）.

3.AccordingtoMitchDaniels,reachingMars

（

）.

4.A2009committeeappointedbyObamaarguedthatNASAshould

（

）.

5.NASAiscriticizedfor

（

）.

6.TheNRCcommitteeclaimedthatspaceflight（

）.

问题1选项

A.timely

B.extensive

C.critical

D.notable

问题2选项

A.theU.S.playsaleadingroleinspaceflight

B.internationalcooperationrequiresmorebudget

C.theprogram’schancesofsuccessareslim

D.thepublicneedtogivemoresupporttotheprogram

问题3选项

A.lacksfundingfromthebusinessworld

B.isaprojectthathasmadegreatachievements

C.isagenerallyacceptedobjective

D.willchangethecountryinvariousways

问题4选项

A.becomemorecommercialized

B.paymoreattentiontolow-Earth-orbitprojects

C.becomemorerealisticwithitsstrategies

D.makemoreeffortsindifferentspaceprograms

问题5选项

A.lackingconsistentgoals

B.beingoverambitious

C.demandingtoomuchfund

D.havinglow-qualitystaff

问题6选项

A.deservesdevotion

B.bringseconomicbenefits

C.wouldhaveanuncertainfuture

D.shouldusethetechniquesofmoon-landing

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.（对美国宇航局载人航天计划的全面审查得出结论，该机构有一个不可持续和不安全的战略，将阻止美国在可预见的未来实现人类登陆火星。）”，即可得出本题答案。

2.细节推理题。根据题干关键词“TheNationalResearchCouncil”,可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“humanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest（人类太空飞行是美国做得最好的事情）”,即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“MitchDaniels”,可将信息点定位至原文第四段。根据“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars（目前国家在做事的方式上缺少根本性的改变，(而一味地)认为我们可以完成到达火星这一大家共识的目标是不现实的。）”,即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段，根据“tokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit（在投资航天技术和让商业部门处理常规近地轨道旅行的同时，保持其选择的开放性）”,即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。根据“…shouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMars（航天局应该专注于在火星项目范围内的目标）”，即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“theaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort（努力的渴望性质可能使其值得付出努力）”，即可得出本题答案。

3.单选题

GeorgeWashington（）.

问题1选项

A.alwayswillandalwayshasbeenanAmericanhero

B.alwayshasandalwayswillanAmericanhero

C.alwayshasandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

D.alwayshasbeenandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在完成时态和一般将来时态的用法。在现在完成时态中，如果谓语中有名词短语时，此时要借助been来一起组成其谓语成分，即have/hasbeen+名词短语；在一般将来时态中，如果谓语动词中有名词短语，此时要借助be来一起组成其谓语成分，即be+名词短语。所以选项D正确。句意：GeorgeWashington一直都是一位美国英雄，并将永远是。

4.单选题

Circustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can（）attacktheirtrainer.

问题1选项

A.unexpectedly

B.deliberately

C.reluctantly

D.subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨折题。Unexpectedly意外地,

出乎意料地；deliberately故意地，谨慎地；reluctantly不情愿地,嫌恶地；subsequently随后,

后来。句意：尽管马戏团里的老虎已经被驯服，却能出人意料地攻击它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。

5.翻译题

人们对金钱有各自的看法。有的人喜欢钱是因为钱能为他们买到东西，另一些人则把它看作安全的保障。有的人担心自己永远挣不到足够的钱，另一些人则不喜欢有太多的钱。人们对于钱的态度取决于许多方面：在什么样的环境中长大，习惯于拥有多少钱，是为钱而努力工作还是为喜欢的工作而挣钱。甚至人们对生活的信念也影响对金钱的看法。对于金钱的态度没有正确和错误之分，每种态度都自有其合理之处。

【答案】Peoplehavetheirownviewsonmoney.Somepeoplelikemoneybecausemoneycanbuythingsforthem,whileotherstreatitasasecurityguarantee.Somepeopleworrythattheywillneverearnenoughmoney,whileotherswouldnotliketohavetoomuchmoney.People'sattitudetowardsmoneydependsonmanyaspectssuchasinwhatkindofenvironmentyougrowup,howmuchmoneyyouareusedtoobtaining,andyouworkhardformakingmoneyormakemoneyjustbecauseyoulovethejob.Eventhefaithofpeople'slifealsoaffectstheviewonmoney.Thereisnorightorwrongattitudetowardsmoney,andeachattitudehasitsownreasonablepoint.

6.单选题

Tryingto（）thebestcourseofactioninthefaceofthedecliningmarket,heconsultedCharlesBillwhohadworkedforaleadingfirminChicagoasmarketingconsultantformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.reasonout

B.markout

C.spellout

D.sendout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。reasonout“推理出，推论出”；markout“规划；制定”；spellout“讲清楚”；sendout“发送，派遣”。根据后面heconsultedCharlesBill“他咨询了查尔斯•比尔”可知他是“为了制定最好的行动方案来面对衰退的市场”，因此选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Whenbusinessis（

）thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.depressed

C.reduced

D.lessened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项degrade“贬低，降低”；B选项depress“压抑，使沮丧，使萧条”；C选项reduce“减少，降低”；D选项lessen“减少，减轻”。句意：当商业萧条的时候，失业率通常会明显上升。选项B更符合逻辑。

8.单选题

AsbefitsanationmadeupofimmigrantsfromallovertheChristianworld,AmericanshavenodistinctiveChristmassymbols;butwehavetakenthesymbolsofallthenationsandmadethemourown.TheChristmastree,thehollyandtheivy,themistletoe,theexchangeofgifts,themythofSantaClaus,andthecarolsofallnations,theplumpuddingandthewassailbowlareallelementsintheAmericanChristmasofthemid-twentiethcentury.ThoughwehavenoChristmassymbolsofourown,theAmericanChristmasstillhasadistinctiveaurabyvirtueoftwocharacteristicelements.

Thefirstoftheseisthat,asmightbeexpectedinanationasdedicatedtothecarryingonofbusinessastheAmericannation,thedominantroleoftheChristmasfestivitieshasbecometoserveasastimulustoretailbusiness.ThethemesofChristmasadvertisingbegintoappearasearlyasSeptember,andtheopenseasononChristmasshoppingbeginsinNovember.Fiftyyearsago,ThanksgivingDaywasregardedastheopeningdayoftheseasonforChristmasshopping;today,theseasonopensimmediatelyafterHalloween.Thus,virtuallyawholemonthhasbeenaddedtotheChristmasseason-forshoppingpurposes.

Second,theChristmasseasonoffestivitieshasinsensiblycombinedwiththeNewYear’scelebrationintoonelengthenedperiodofSaturnalia.Thisstartswiththe“officeparties”afewdaysbeforeChristmas,continuesonChristmasEve,nowtheoccasioninAmericaofoneoftwolarge-scalerevelsthatmarktheseason-savethattheChristmasEverevelsareoftenpunctuatedbyavisittooneofthelargerchurchesformidnightMass,whichhasincreasinglytendedtobecomeblendedintoapartoftheentertainmentaspectoftheseason-andcontinuesinspiritedeuphoriauntilNewYear’sEve,thesecondofthelarge-scalerevels.NewYear'sDayisspentresting,possiblyregrettingone’sexcesses,watchingafootball“bowl”game,andindulginginthelenitiveofone'schoice.January2marks,formost,thereturntotemperanceanddecorumandbusinessasusual.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthemannerinwhichChristmasiscelebratedintheUnitedStatesisoneof（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostinaccordwiththemainideasofthepassage?

3.WhatwouldtheauthorofthepassagelikelysaybywayofanalysisoftheuseofChristmascardsbyAmericanstocelebrateChristmas?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.greatdisapproval

B.humorousconfusion

C.laudatoryacclaim

D.objectiveanalysis

问题2选项

A.InPuritanMassachusettsBayColony,itwasacrime,punishablebythestocks,tofailtoobserveChristmas.

B.ChristmascustomsinEuropeandAmericathatareassociatedwiththeFeastoftheNativitywerenotoriginallyChristian.

C.RudolphtheRed-nosedReindeerhasbecomeatraditionalaspectofChristmas,yetwascreatedonlyafewyearsagobycommercialinterests.

D.Inwidelyseparatedareasoftheworld,religiousobservancestendtoclusteraroundstrikingnaturalphenomena.

问题3选项

A.ThesendingoflargenumbersofexpensivecardsislargelyanextensionofthebusinessaspectoftheAmericanChristmascelebration.

B.Thereachingouttomanyfriends,bothcloseandfar,throughthecards,isanextensionofthefestivespiritoftheAmericanChristmascelebration.

C.ThemultiplicityofcardsandformsisareflectionoftheveryheterogeneousviewsofAmericansonthecelebrationofChristmas.

D.TheextensionoftheChristmasseasonhaspermittedmorecardstobesentandhandledbytheoverworkedpostalsystem.

问题4选项

A.Thegreatwavesofimmigrantsfrommanycountriesinthelate1800’sandearly1900’shadasignificanteffectontheAmericancelebrationofChristmas.

B.OnlytheearliestsettlersbroughttraditionsonwhichtheAmericanChristmascelebra-tionisbased.

C.EveryyearseesthestartofanewChristmas“tradition.”

D.TheSaturnaliaofChristmasweekisa,releasefromthehardworkoftheChristmasshoppingseason.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段“AsbefitsanationmadeupofimmigrantsfromallovertheChristianworld,AmericanshavenodistinctiveChristmassymbols.以及ThoughwehavenoChristmassymbolsofourown,theAmericanChristmasstillhasadistinctiveaurabyvirtueoftwocharacteristicelements.作为一个由来自基督教世界各地的移民组成的国家，美国人没有独特的圣诞符号。以及虽然我们自己没有圣诞节的象征，美国圣诞节仍然有独特的气场的两个特征元素。”由此可知作者对于美国庆祝圣诞节的方式的态度是客观的，没有掺杂主观情绪在其中。故D项正确。A项“不同意”；B项“幽默的混乱”；C项“赞美的赞誉”；D项“客观分析”。

2.判断推理题。A项“在马萨诸塞湾的殖民地，某清教徒犯罪，被处罚金，不能庆祝圣诞节”不符合题意。B项“在欧洲和美国，与耶稣诞生节相关的圣诞节习俗最初并不是基督教的。”不符合原文。C项“红鼻子驯鹿鲁道夫(Rudolph)已经成为圣诞节的传统元素，但它是几年前才由商业利益创造出来的。”圣诞老人的出现并不是由于商业原因。D项“在世界广泛的区域，宗教纪念活动往往与惊人的自然现象紧密相连。”由Second,theChristmasseasonoffestivitieshasinsensiblycombinedwiththeNewYear’scelebrationintoonelengthenedperiodofSaturnalia.其次，圣诞节的庆祝活动与新年的庆祝活动不知不觉地结合在一起，成为一个延长的农神节。”可知D项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。这篇文章主要说明了美国圣诞节的两个特色：一方面促进零售业的大发展，另一方面整个节日时间变长了。根据第一个特色，可知寄送大量昂贵的贺卡是为了拓展圣诞节期间的生意。A项“寄大量昂贵的贺卡在很大程度上是美国圣诞节庆祝活动商业方面的延伸。”B项“通过贺卡向许多远近的朋友伸出援手，是美国圣诞节庆祝活动节日精神的延伸。”C项“卡片和形式的多样性反映了美国人对庆祝圣诞节的不同看法。”D项“圣诞假期的延长使得超负荷工作的邮政系统可以发送和处理更多的贺卡。”A项符合题意。

4.判断推理题。由TheChristmastree,thehollyandtheivy,themistletoe,theexchangeofgifts,themythofSantaClaus,andthecarolsofallnations,theplumpuddingandthewassailbowlareallelementsintheAmericanChristmasofthemid-twentiethcentury.可知20世纪中期以前，世界各地移民对美国的圣诞庆祝方式有很大的影响。A项“19世纪晚期和20世纪初，来自许多国家的移民浪潮对美国的圣诞节庆祝活动产生了重大影响。”符合题意。试题答案A。

9.单选题

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwas.FollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso;theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory―andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday―embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThornesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicanswhoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpain（

）.

2.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

4.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

C.endedhisreigninembarrassment

D.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

问题2选项

A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

问题3选项

A.Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

B.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

C.Theroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies

D.Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

问题4选项

A.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues

B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

问题5选项

A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

B.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

C.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

D.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown(然而在近来欧洲选举中所留下的令人尴尬的丑闻和共和党人的声望却迫使他食言而退位)。由此可知C项“尴尬地结束自己的统治”正确。

2.判断推理题。第三段指出:Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates(这种明显的政治超越解释了君主们作为国家元首的持续受欢迎)。...mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.……(大多数皇室幸存的原因是他们让选民避免困难地去寻找没有争议但却可敬重的公众人物)。由此可知A项“由于他们无疑问且可敬重的地位”正确。

3.细节事实题。第四段指出:...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates(奇怪的是富有的贵族家鹿应该仍然是现代民主家庭和国家的象征性核心),由此可知C项“贵族在现代民主政治中的角色”正确。

4.推理判断题。最后一段指出:ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld(危险将从查尔斯（王子）开始，他有一种奢华的生活品味，且对世界有着相当等级制度的观点)。可推知B项“未能按照建议来改变自己的生活方式”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章第二段指出:.事实上当公众舆论特别两极分化时，西班牙国王退位的例子为支持和反对君主政治提供了论据。而且后续段落围绕“欧洲君主们应对君主政体所面临的危机而采取的方式”可推知B项“对所有欧洲君主们而言是一个教训的西班牙国王胡安•卡洛斯”比较适合作文章标题。

10.单选题

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

问题1选项

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查了词组的辨析。comeby“经过”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然发现”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改变主意”，此处只有使用词组comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的语义逻辑，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：他偶然加入了一个计算机日程计划，但是到目前为止它还没有一个合适的模式。

11.单选题

Tattoosdidn’tspringupwiththedawnofbikergangsandrock“n”rollbands.They’vebeenaroundforalongtimeandhadmanydifferentmeaningsoverthecourseofhistory.

Foryears,scientistsbelievedthatEgyptiansandNubianswerethefirstpeopletotattootheirbodies.Then,in1991,amummywasdiscovered,datingbacktotheBronzeAgeofabout3,300B.C.“TheIceman”,asthespecimenwasdubbed,hadseveralmarkingsonhisbody,includingacrossontheinsideofhiskneeandlinesonhisankleandback.Itisbelievedthesetattoosweremadeinacurativeeffort.

Beingsoadvance,theEgyptiansreportedlyspreadthepracticeoftattooingthroughouttheworld.Thepyramid-buildingthirdandfourthdynastiesofEgyptdevelopedinternationalnationswithCreteGreece,PersiaandArabia.ThearttattooingstretchedoutallthewaytoSoutheastAsiaby2,000B.C.Aroundthesametime,theJapanesebecameinterestedintheartbutonlyforitsdecorativeattributes,asopposedtomagicalones.TheJapanesetattooartistsweretheundisputedmasters.Theiruseofcolors,perspective,andimaginativedesignsgavethepracticeawholenewangle.DuringthefirstmillenniumA.D.,JapanadoptedChinesecultureinmanyaspectsandconfinedtattooingtobrandingwrongdoers.

IntheBalkans,theThracianshadadifferentuseforthecraft.Aristocrats,accordingtoHerodotus,usedittoshowtheworldtheirsocialstatus.AlthoughearlyEuropeansdabbledwithtattooing,theytrulyrediscoveredtheartfromwhentheworldexplorationofthepost-Renaissancemadethemseekoutnewcultures.ItwastheirmeetingwithPolynesianthatintroducedthemtotattooing.Theword,infactisderivedfromthePolynesianwordtattau,whichmeans“tomark”.

Mostoftheearlyusesoftattooswereornamental.However,anumberofcivilizationshadpracticalapplicationsforthiscraft.TheGoths,atribeofGermanicbarbariansfamousforpillagingRomansettlements,usedtattoostomarktheirslaves.Romansdidthesamewithslavesandcriminals.

InTahiti,tattooswereariteofpassageandtoldthehistoryoftheperson’slife.Reachingadulthood,boysgotonetattootocommemoratetheevent.Menweremarkedwithanotherstylewhentheygotmarried.

Later,tattoosbecamethesouvenirofchoiceforglobetrottingsailors.Whenevertheywouldreachanexoticlocale,theywouldgetanewtattootomarktheoccasion.Adragonwasafamousstylethatmeantthesailorhadreacheda“Chinastation”.Atfirst,sailorswouldspendtheirfreetimeontheshiptattooingthemselvesandtheirmates.Soonafter,tattooparlorsweresetupinthearea,surroundingportsworldwide.

Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,policeofficialsbelievedthathalfofthecriminalunderworldinNewYorkCityhadtattoos.Portareaswererenownedforbeingroughplacesfullofsailorsthatwereguiltyofsomecrimeoranother.Thisismostlikelyhowtattoosgotsuchabadreputationandbecameassociatedwithrebelsanddelinquents.

1.Accordingtothepassage,tattooswereadoptedforallofthefollowingpurposesEXCEPT（）.

2.Tattoowasbelievedtobecreated（）.

3.InJapan,tattooswereacceptedas（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhydidtattoosbecomeassociatedwithrebelsanddelinquentsinNewYork?

问题1选项

A.totreatthedisease

B.tochallengesocialmores

C.torecordthefootprintsofone'slife

D.toadornoneself

问题2选项

A.togetherwithbikergangsandrock"n"rollbands

B.in1991whenamummywasdiscovered

C.firstlyinSoutheastAsiaby2,000B.C.

D.byEgyptiansandNubians

问题3选项

A.ameansofornament

B.asymbolofmagicalpower

C.awayofcommunication

D.asignofsuccess

问题4选项

A.BothChinaandJapanconfinedtattooingtomarkingcriminals.

B.Romansusedtattoosfordecoration.

C.Sailorstooktattoosasthegiftfortheirfriendsandrelatives.

D.Tattooparlorswereusuallyfoundindowntownareas.

问题5选项

A.Becauseinthemiddleofthe19thcentury,criminalswereusuallytattooedbythegovernment.

B.Becausesailorshadtattoosandsomeofthesailorswereguiltyofsomecrimeoranother.

C.Becausetattooswerethemarksforthemembersofcertainorganizations.

D.BecausePortauthoritiesrequiredthesailorstoweartattoos.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第二段的最后一句“Itisbelievedthesetattoosweremadeinacurativeeffort.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第二句“...usedittoshowtheworldtheirsocialstatus.”可知选项B表达有误；根据第六段的第一句“InTahiti,tattooswereariteofpassageandtoldthehistoryoftheperson'slife.”可知选项C正确；根据第七段的第一句“Later,tattoosbecamethesouvenirofchoiceforglobetrottingsailors.”可知选项D正确。所以本题选B。

2.根据第二段的第一句“Foryears,scientistsbelievedthatEgyptiansandNubianswerethefirstpeopletotattootheirbodies.”可知选项D正确。

3.根据第三段的第四句“theJapanesebecameinterestedintheartbutonlyforitsdecorativeattributes,asopposedtomagicalones.”日本人对这种艺术产生了兴趣，但只是因为它的装饰性，而不是魔力。选项A正确。

4.根据第三段的最后一句“DuringthefirstmillenniumA.D.,JapanadoptedChinesecultureinmanyaspectsandconfinedtattooingtobrandingwrongdoers.”可知选项A正确；根据第五段的最后一句“...usedtattoostomarktheirslaves.Romansdidthesamewithslavesandcriminals.”可知选项B错误；选项C在文中没有提及；根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Soonafter,tattooparlorsweresetupinthearea,surroundingportsworldwide.”可知选项D错误。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知，19世纪中叶，警方认为纽约市一半的黑社会罪犯都有纹身。港口地区以到处都是犯了某种罪行的水手而闻名。这很有可能是纹身名声如此之差，并与反叛分子和犯罪分子联系在一起的原因。选项B符合原文。

12.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Herdaughterlikesballgames.

B.Herdaughterisanexcellentgirl.

C.Sheandherdaughteraregoodfriends.

D.Sheandherdaughterwon’tunderstandeachother.

【答案】D

【解析】W:I’vebeensoworriedaboutmydaughter.She’ssodifferentintemperamentfromme.Wearenotalwaysonthesamewheeling.

M:That’squitecommonwithmothersanddaughters.

W:Sheisafurtherpersonalityandverymuchontheball,butsheisanexcitablechild.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用习语。女士说：Wearenotalwaysonthesamewheeling，意思是他们经常无法达成一致。

13.单选题

Thedirectionswereso（

）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ingenious“机灵的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：说明内容模糊不清，因此无法完成这项任务。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Nature’senergyefficiencyoften（

）humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency（

）thefirefly’ssystem.

问题1选项

A.engenders...manipulates

B.reflects...simulates

C.outstrips...rivals

D.inhibits...matches

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项的engender“产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）”；manipulate“（暗中）控制，操纵，操作”；B选项的reflect“反映，表明，显示，反射（声、光、热等）”;simulate“假装,模拟，冒充”；C选项的outstrip“追过，胜过，凌驾”;rival“堪与某人/某物竞争，比得上某人/某物”；D选项的inhibit“禁止，抑制”；match“相配，相适合，（数量或质量）比得上，与……不相上下”。根据句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超过人类的技术：尽管萤火虫所发出的光亮极为强烈，但其热量却微乎其微：其是在近期，人类才研制出化学发光系统，其能量效率方能与萤火虫的发光体系相媲美’确定C选项正确。

15.单选题

Thecostofmakingtheprogramswassharedbyaconsortiumofsixpublictelevisionstations.

问题1选项

A.conformation

B.association

C.patchwork

D.combine

【答案】B

【解析】句意：制作这些节目的成本由六家公共电视台共同承担。consortium意为“联合，合伙”。conformation构造，一致，符合；association协会，联盟，联合；patchwork拼缝物，混杂物；combine联合企业。选项B与之意思最为相近。

16.单选题

Heanticipated______muchpleasurefromthereadingofthatwell-soldbook.

问题1选项

A.toget

B.getting

C.tohavegot

D.havinggot

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词的用法。anticipate作动词，表示“预期，预料，预见”，后面跟的宾语通常是名词或者动名词，一般不接不定式作宾语，A、C两项可排除；D项为现在完成时，anticipate是一般过去时，D项不符合句子时态。句意：他期待着能从那本畅销书中得到乐趣。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Anewkindofradarhasbeendevelopedforspace-agetravelers.Aworkinglaboratory

modelofanewsystemofradarthatmakesuseofabeamoflightissaidtobetenthousandtimesmoreaccuratethanthebestcomparablesystemofradarthatusesmicrowaves.

Themodelhasshownthatrad