考研考博-英语-哈尔滨体育学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨体育学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

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中国央行数据显示，去年影子银行融资占世界第二大经济体融资总量的近三分之一，凸显中国影了银行业的崛起。中国人民银行表示，去年来自信托公司和影子银行部门其他实体的融资金额创下历史纪录，占到全年总融资规模17.3万亿元人民币(台2.9万亿美元)的30%，髙于2012年23%的比重。

中国的影子银行部门对地方政府债务的迅速增长起到了助推作用。地方政府近年纷纷建立表外工具借款，为开发项目提供资金支持。据中国国家审计署近期的一份报告似计，截至去年6月底，地方政府债务已接近3万亿美元，比2010年年底上一次审计时增长了70%。

【答案】TheriseofChina’sshadowbankingsectorhasbeenthrownintosharpreliefbydatafromthecentralbankshowingthatitaccountsfornearlyone-thirdofaggregatefinancingintheworld’ssecond-biggesteconomy.Fundingfromtrustcompaniesandotherentitiesintheshadowsectorrosetoitshighestlevelonrecordandaccountedfor30percentoftheRMB17.3tn($2.9tn)intotalcreditissuedlastyear,thePeople’sBankofChinasaid,upfroma23percentshareofaggregatefinancingin2012.

China’sshadowbankingsectorhashelpedfuelanalarmingrun-upinthedebtowedbylocalgovernments,whichhaveestablishedoff-balance-sheetvehiclestoborrowmoneyfordevelopmentprojects.ArecentreportbyChina’sNationalAuditOfficeestimatedthatlocalgovernmentdebtshadreachedalmost$3tnbyJunelastyear,rising70percentfromthepreviousauditattheendof2010.

2.单选题

John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.

问题1选项

A.worthwhile

B.worthy

C.worth

D.worthless

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的

C.worth值……的D.worthless无价值的，不值钱的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表现）和prove（证明）可知，a______winner中的空格应该表示“值得的”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项表示值得花时间、金钱、努力等，不符合句意；

C项只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；

D选项不符合句意。

【句意】约翰在比赛中的出色表现证明他是当之无愧的胜利者。

3.单选题

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat（）.

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

问题2选项

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

问题3选项

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

问题4选项

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

问题5选项

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文开头“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每个国家和文化，无论是像印度一样古老还是像捷克共和国一样年轻，都有一段对市场和营销人员都有巨大影响的历史。并且文中列举了两个例子来论证一个国家的文化或历史会影响市场。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.了解历史可以使营销人员以一种更微妙的方式接近文化，这肯定会导致对日程表的调整。”可知商人了解一个国家的文化或历史很重要。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.营销人员可能会把他们自己的业务带入到这个过程中，他们应该注意把自己与他们的个人和文化历史分开，至少在情感上是这样。”可知B项“市场营销人员应该把自己与个人和文化历史分开。”正确。

4.推理判断题。由第三段“However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.然而，这种喜悦并不能阻止南非公司在谈判时利用对手的内疚感。”可知D项“南非的公司利用了他们对手的负罪感”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.在政治方面，越南和美国之间的关系就是一个典型的例子，两国商人在做生意的时候会误解对方的历史和文化。”以及“TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,越南人认为美国商界会向他们大量投资，以弥补过去的错误，”可知ABD三项均正确，C项“越南和美国的关系是一个忘记过去的好例子。”与原文不符，越南和美国的关系是由于双方商人对于对方的历史和文化的误解。故答案C。

4.单选题

Sinceyouaresoweak,youshouldtakeevery____precautionagainstcatchingcold.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.comparable

C.distinct

D.conceivable

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.critical关键的B.comparable可比较的

C.distinct明显的；确切的D.conceivable可想象的；可信的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析与语义衔接

【解题思路】原句语义为“既然你这么虚弱，你应该采取一切____的预防措施以防感冒。”由此可知，病人非常虚弱，应该采取一切可能的措施预防感冒，D选项conceivable“可想象的；可信的”最符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项critical“关键的”，“采取每一个关键的预防措施”没有“采取每一个可能的预防措施”符合原句语境；

B选项comparable“可比较的”，不符合原句语义衔接；

C选项distinct“明显的；确切的”，不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】既然你这么虚弱，你应该采取一切可能的预防措施以防感冒。

5.单选题

These______attacksdisturbedusandweconsultedaphysician.

问题1选项

A.recurrent

B.sinister

C.affected

D.morbid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项recurrent“复发的，周期性的”，B项sinister“阴险的，凶兆的”，C项affected“受到影响的，做作的”，D项morbid“病态的，由病引起的，恐怖的”。根据关键信息weconsultedaphysician“我们咨询了医生”可知attack表示“疾病发作”；所以空格处填入recurrent符合句意。句意：这些反复发作的症状困扰着我们，我们去看了医生。因此，该题选择A项正确。

6.单选题

I'veheardthatyouaregoingto（

）theboss'sjobwhensheretires.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.putinfor

C.putoutto

D.putinon

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项putupwith“忍受，容忍”；B选项putinfor“申请”；C选项putoutto“拿出去”；D选项putinon没有此搭配。句意：我听说你打算在老板退休后申请（接替）她的职位。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Aneducationalenvironmenttoseparateyoufromthedailyrigorsoflife.

问题1选项

A.isdesigned

B.designed

C.istobedesigned

D.designs

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词的用法。句子主语是aneducationalenvironment“一种教育环境”，是design动作执行的对象，因此要用被动语态表示“教育环境被设计成”；固定用法bedesignedtodo“打算、目的是”；A选项被动语态；B选项主动语态；C选项被动语态，表“将要被设定成”；D选项主动语态；句意：教育环境能将你从日常生活的艰辛中抽离出来。根据句意A选项最符合题意。

8.翻译题

I.(本题3段，每段10分)

Afterweseeanobjectseveraltimes,webegintorecognizeit.Theobjectisinfrontofusandweknowaboutit,butwedonotseeit—hence,wecannotsayanythingsignificantaboutit.Artremovesobjectsfromtheautomatismofperceptioninseveralways.HereIwanttoillustrateawayusedrepeatedlybyLeoTolstoy,thatwriterwho,forMerezhkovskyatleast,seemstopresentthingsasifhehimselfsawthem,andsawthemintheirentirety,anddidnotalterthem.

—VictorShklovsky,ArtasTechniqueMaywereallyattempttocomparetheimaginativewriterwiththe“dreamerinbroaddaylight,”andhiscreationswithdaydreams?…Onefeatureaboveallcannotfailtostrikeusaboutthecreationsofthesestory-writers:eachofthemhasaherowhoisthecenterofinterest,forwhomthewritertriestowinoursympathybyeverypossiblemeansandwhomheseemstoplaceundertheprotectionofaspecialprovidence.…ThefeelingofsecuritywithwhichIfollowtheherothroughhisperilousadventuresisthesameasthefeelingwithwhichaheroinreallifethrowshimselfintothewatertosaveadrowningmanorexposeshimselftotheenemy’sfireinordertostormabattery.Itisthetrueheroicfeeling,whichoneofourbestwritershasexpressedinaninimitablephrase:“Nothingcanhappentome!”Itseemstome,however,thatthroughthisrevealingcharacteristicofinvulnerabilitywecanimmediatelyrecognizeHisMajestytheEgo,theheroalikeofeverydaydreamandofeverystory.

—SigmundFreud,CreativeWritersandDaydreamingIcallthecombinationofaconceptandasound-imageasign,butincurrentusagethetermgenerallydesignatesonlyasound-image,aword,forexample(arbor,etc.)Onetendstoforgetthatarboriscalledasignonlybecauseitcarriestheconcept“tree,”withtheresultthattheideaofthesensorypartimpliestheideaofthewhole.

Ambiguitywoulddisappearifthethreenotionsinvolvedhereweredesignatedbythreenames,eachsuggestingandopposingtheothers.Iproposetoretainthewordsigntodesignatethewholeandtoreplaceconceptandsound-imagerespectivelybysignifiedandsignifier;thelasttwotermshavetheadvantageofindicatingtheoppositionthatseparatesthemfromeachotherandfromthewholeofwhichtheyareparts.

—FerdinanddeSaussure,CourseinGeneralLinguistics

【答案】当我们多次看到一个物体后，我们就开始辨别出它。物体就在我们面前，我们知道它，但我们看不到它。因此，我们不能说任何关于这个物体的有意义的事情。艺术通过几种方式将物体从无意识行为的感知中移除。在这里，我想说明列夫•托尔斯泰反复使用的一种方法，至少在梅雷日科夫斯基看来，这位作家呈现事物的方式，就好像他自己看到了它们本身，看到了它们的全部，但没有改变它们。

——维克多•什克洛夫斯基，《艺术即技巧》9.不定项选择题

MostBritishnewspapersarenotnecessarilycarefulaboutlanguage,buttheyarecarefulaboutbadwordsanyway.Thephrase“familynewspaper”isaninevitablepartofourlives.Newspapersarenotinthebusinessofgivingunjustifiedoffence.Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts.Therearemanyothernecessarylimitations,andmostoftheseconcerntimeandspace.

NewspapershavedominatedsportswritinginBritainforyears.Buttenyearsago,anewplayerenteredthegame.Thiswasthephenomenonofmen’smagazines.GQwasthepioneeranditleadsthewaystill,leavingtherestpantingdistantlyinitswake.

Sports,ofcourse,ablindinglyobvioussubjectforamen’smagazine—butitcouldnotbetackledinablindinglyobviousway.Certainly,oneofthefirstthingsGQwasabletoofferwasanewwayofwritingaboutsport,butthiswasnotsomuchacunningplanasanecessity.Themagazinewasdoomed,asitwere,toofferawholenewrangeoffreedomstoitssportswriters.Freedomofvocabularywassimplythemostobviousoneand,inevitably,itappealedtotheschoolboywithinus.Butspaceandtimeweretheothers,andthesepossibilitiesmeantthatthecraftofsportswritinghadtobereinvented.

Unlikenewspapers,amagazinecanofferadecentlengthoftimetoresearchandtowrite.Theseare,youwouldthink,luxuries—especiallytothoseofuswhoareoftenrequiredtoreadan800-wordmatchreportoverthetelephonetheinstantthefinalwhistlehasgone.Nooneexpectsamasterpieceundersuchcircumstances.Butalongmagazinedeadlinegivesyouthedisconcertingandagoraphobicfreedomtoresearch,towrite,tothink.

GQisnotrestrictedbythesameconventionsofreaderexpectationasanewspaper.Youneednotworryaboutoffendingpeopleoralienatingthem;thewholeethosofthemagazineisthatreadersaretheretobechallenged.Therewillbereaderswhowouldfindsomeofitspiecesoffensiveorevenimpossibleinanewspaper,oreveninadifferentmagazine.ButthesamereaderswillreadthepieceinGQandfinditenthralling.

Thatisbecausethemagazineisalwaysslightlyuncomfortabletobewith.Itisnotlikeacozymemberofthefamily,norevenlikeafriend.Itisthestrong,self-opinionatedpersonthatyoucanneverquitemakeupyourmindwhetheryoulikeornot.Youadmirehim,butyouareslightlyuneasywithhim.Thepeoplearoundhimmightnotaltogetherapproveofeverythinghesays;somemightnotcareforhimatall.Buttheyfeelcompelledtolisten.Theself-confidenceistoocompelling.Andjustwhenyouthinkbeisbeginningtobecomeratherabore,hesurprisesyouwithhisgenuineintelligence.Hemakesabroadjoke,andthensuddenlyheisdemandingyoufollowhimintheturningofanintellectualsomersault.

1.Whatdoesthewritersayaboutnewspapersinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdoesthewriterimplyinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhyweresportswritersforGQgivennewfreedoms?

4.Whycan’twritersforGQusethesamemethodsaswritersfornewspapers?

5.ThewriterlikensGQmagazinetoapersonwho（）

问题1选项

A.Theytendnottoincludearticlesreaderswillfindverychallenging.

B.Articlesinthemdonotreflectthewaymanypeoplereallyspeak.

C.Theyaremoreconcernedwithprofitthanwithqualityofwriting.

D.Theyfailtorealizewhatkindofwritingwouldappealtoreaders.

问题2选项

A.GQmagazinecontainsarticlesthatarewellworthreading.

B.Someofthemorerecentmen’smagazinesareunlikelytosurvive.

C.Thestandardofsportswritinginnewspapershasimprovedinrecenttimes.

D.Heisinapositiontogiveanobjectiveviewofsportswritinginmagazines.

问题3选项

A.TherestrictionsofnewspaperwritingdonotapplytowritingforGQ.

B.Themagazine’sinitialplansforitssportsarticlesprovedunrealistic.

C.Notionsaboutwhatmadegoodsportsjournalismwerechanging.

D.Thewritersthatitwantedtoemploydemandedgreaterfreedom.

问题4选项

A.ArticlesinGQarenotallowedtoconsistmainlyofinterviews.

B.Theywanttobeconsideredbetterthanwritersfornewspapers.

C.Writersfornewspapersdonothavesomuchspacetofill.

D.Theyhavebeentoldtoavoidtheconventionsofnewspaperwriting.

问题5选项

A.saysthingsyouwishyouhadsaidyourself.

B.frequentlychangeshispointofview.

C.forcesyoutopayattentiontohim.

D.wantstobeconsideredentertaining.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节推断题。根据题干定位到第一段，第一段大意是对英国报纸的描述，从“Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts”可以看出，英国的报纸是没有那么自由的，它非常官方主流，有很多限制，因此各种限制导致它没有办法去写一些很有火药味的报道，因此答案A正确，其他选项皆没有暗示和论据。

第2题:段落推断题。定位到原文第二段，A选项错误，GQ的文章只是很吸引人，是否值得一读作者并没有给出说法；B错误，其他杂志只是难以和GQ比肩，但是并不一定会倒闭；C项错误，体育新闻的写作标准并不是一定被提高了，它只是被改变了，由GQ这本杂志来改变的；D项是正确的，在第二段作者表达的就是非常客观的观点，无论是对于杂志还是报纸上的体育新闻，他都是可以客观评论的。

第3题:细节推断题。问的是为何GQ的作家们有新的自由，我们可以定位到第三段，以及第四段，都是在说杂志上的体育新闻没有报纸那么严格，它们并没有那么多限制和条条框框，因此答案为A。

第4题:细节题。文章的第四段第一句，“Unlikenewspapers,amagazinecanofferadecentlengthoftimetoresearchandtowrite.”以及后面的“Butalongmagazinedeadlinegivesyouthedisconcertingandagoraphobicfreedomtoresearch,towrite,tothink.”可以看出杂志的发挥空间比报纸大很多，时间也更充足，发挥空间更加大，因此答案为C。

第5题:细节推断题。根据题干定位到最后一段，“Thepeoplearoundhimmightnotaltogetherapproveofeverythinghesays;somemightnotcareforhimatall.Buttheyfeelcompelledtolisten.Theself-confidenceistoocompelling.（他周围的人可能并不完全赞同他说的每一句话；有些人可能根本不喜欢他。但他们觉得必须去倾听。自信太令人信服了。）”因此答案为C，其他三项都没有理论支撑。

10.单选题

Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.

问题1选项

A.drawup

B.bringabout

C.putforward

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。workout“算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；理解；锻炼”；A选项drawup“起草；使靠近”；B选项bringabout“引起；带来”；C选项putforward“提出；拿出”；D选项figureout“解决；想出；理解；断定”。句意：我搞不懂为什么会有人发明这么无聊的东西。根据句中“whyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring为何有人发明如此无聊的一些东西”可知workout在这里的意思应为“理解”，因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

问题1选项

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。fabulous“难以置信的；极好的”；gracious“亲切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”。句意：我经常吃中餐，但是我无法想象真正的中式宴会会有多么好，多么奢侈。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

问题2选项

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

问题3选项

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

问题4选项

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不关心音乐主题的发展，而是完整地、完整地设定一个主题，并把它与各种相关的主题联系起来。拉格泰姆乐曲的张力来自于两种基本元素之间的对立:钢琴师左手弹连续低音(爵士音乐家称之为“boom-chickbass”)和右手弹有旋律的切分低音。可知D项“音乐主题的全面发展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特点，故D项正确。A项“切分音”和B项“与旋律线不同的低音线”，C项“旋律强度不断上升”这段均有提及。

2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有时有人指责拉格泰姆是机械的。例如，威尔弗雷德•米勒斯评论道，“拉格泰姆被转移到自动钢琴上，即使不是机器演奏，也应该像机器演奏一样具有细致的精确度。”然而，我们没有理由仅仅因为商业制造者对拉格泰姆音乐使用了机械录音的方法（这是当时记录钢琴演奏的唯一方法）就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的。拉格泰姆音乐不是机械的精度，也不局限于精度的表现风格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一种定义明确的形式，并在该形式中遵循简单的规则。可知C项“混淆了录音的手段和音乐的本质特征”正确。D项“夸大了专业的拉格泰姆音乐演奏者表演风格对这种音乐流派的影响”，A项“错误地将商业拉格泰姆音乐与更微妙的古典拉格泰姆风格区分开来”；B项“没有准确地描述拉格泰姆钢琴音乐的声音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判断推理题。题干问：从文中可推断出拉格泰姆音乐的本质被基于什么基础上的评论所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，没有理由仅仅因为商业制造商对拉格泰姆使用了一种机械录音方法，就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的，这是当时唯一一种录制钢琴的方法。”可知由于拉格泰姆用了一种机械录音法，故A项正确。

4.判断推理题。题干问：下列哪一项在来源和艺术特征上与文中描述的拉格泰姆乐曲最为相似?A项“从复杂的爵士主题中衍生出来的交响乐。”；B项“一部以著名卡通人物为原型的实验性小说”；C项“演员们创造场景并即兴创作台词的一种戏剧作品”；D项“以民间舞蹈为基础的有纪律的舞蹈编排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆结构的目的是要以阶梯状的方式从一个主题上升到另一个主题······与最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.从这个意义上说，拉格泰姆音乐更像是十九世纪的民间音乐，而不是爵士乐。由此对应可推知有“folk-dancesteps民间舞蹈步伐”的D项正确。

13.单选题

Astheartistwas（）topollen,heseldomwentintothecountrytosketchthenaturalbeautyinspring.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.allergic

C.fragile

D.unchallenged

【答案】B

【解析】形容词搭配题。destructive破坏的，毁灭性的；allergic过敏的，beallergictosth.指对某物过敏；fragile脆的，易碎的；unchallenged不回避的。句意：由于艺术家对花粉过敏，所以他春天很少去乡下写生。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

问题1选项

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。Unbiased公正的,无偏见的;manipulated熟练控制的；distorted扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed传达的，传输的。句中“qualifiedsourcesofinformation”应该指合格的信息,故A项unbiased“公正不偏不倚的”符合逻辑。

15.翻译题

Whichwouldyouchoose:anonlinecoursedeliveredbyoneoftheworld’smostknowledgeableinstructors,supportedbyawardwinningdocumentaryfilmmakersandateamofgraduateteachingassistants,orthesamecoursetaughtinpersonbyanaverageinstructor?Differentstudentswouldofcoursechoosedifferently.Butthereisamplereasontobelievethatexperiencewiththefirstoptionwouldeventuallyleadasubstantialproportionofstudentstopreferit,eveniftheywerechargedthesameamountforeitherapproach.Butbecauseofeconomiesofscale,theremoteoptionwouldenjoyasubstantialcostadvantage.AsPhilipCookwroteinhis1995book,“TheWinner-Take-AllSociety,”thesearepreciselytheconditionsthatgiverisetowinner-take-allmarkets.Astechnologyhasexpandedthereachofthemostableperformers,theyhavebeencapturingeverlargersharesofworldwidemarketsacrossahostofdomains.

【答案】你会选择哪一种课程：是由世界上最有知识的导师之一讲授，由获奖纪录片制片人和研究生助教团队支持的在线课程，还是由一名普通教师亲自教授的课程？不同的学生当然会做出不同的选择。但我们有充足的理由相信，第一种选择的经验最终会让相当一部分学生更喜欢它，即使这两种方式收取的费用相同。但由于规模经济，远程选项将享有巨大的成本优势。正如菲利普•库克在他1995年的著作《赢者通吃的社会》中所写的那样，正是这些条件催生了赢者通吃的市场。随着科技扩大了最有能力的执行者的范围，他们在许多领域的全球市场中占据了越来越大的份额。

16.单选题

Toeveryone'ssurprise,thewomancandidatefromasmallparty（

）thepollinthefirstroundofvoting.

问题1选项

A.eclipsed

B.outshined

C.topped

D.deprived

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。eclipse“遮住……的光”;outshine“使相形见绌”；top“超过”；deprive“剥夺，使丧失”。句意：让每个人惊讶的是，来自一个小政党的女候选人在第一轮投票中领先。选项C符合题意。

17.单选题

An