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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨工程大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,().
问题1选项
A.emanation
B.emulsion
C.emulation
D.emancipation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项emanation“发出,散发”;B选项emulsion“乳剂;乳液”;C选项emulation“仿真;效仿;竞争”;D选项emancipation“解放;释放”。句意:在美国本土,优秀的小学教育、对新技术的开放态度、对发明的奖励,以及空间思维天赋相互作用,造就了美国人的特征——竞争。因此C选项正确。
2.单选题
Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to
(2)
greatextent,
(3)
yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob
(5)
thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris
(6)
thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis
(7)
thatheisprobablyascapable
(8)doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit
(9)
acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe
(10)
skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.
(11)
thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t
(12)
racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize
(13)
thestrengthandovercomethe
(14)
thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour
(15)
,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.
(16)
wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe
(17)
insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening
(18)
kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto
(19)
yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your
(20),yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.
问题1选项
A.improvement
B.victory
C.failure
D.achievement
问题2选项
A.a
B.the
C.som
D.certain
问题3选项
A.in
B.on
C.of
D.to
问题4选项
A.In
B.Of
C.From
D.Out
问题5选项
A.convinced
B.imagined
C.understood
D.dreamed
问题6选项
A.ensure
B.sure
C.uncertain
D.surely
问题7选项
A.understanding
B.subject
C.idea
D.belief
问题8选项
A.to
B.at
C.of
D.for
问题9选项
A.risks
B.makes
C.reduces
D.possesses
问题10选项
A.prerequisite
B.educational
C.manual
D.basic
问题11选项
A.Having
B.Holding
C.Lacking
D.Loosing
问题12选项
A.read
B.think
C.write
D.add
问题13选项
A.except
B.but
C.for
D.on
问题14选项
A.difficulty
B.weakness
C.strength
D.advantage
问题15选项
A.fortune
B.development
C.luck
D.loan
问题16选项
A.As
B.Since
C.Over
D.Out
问题17选项
A.calculating
B.moving
C.drilling
D.dealing
问题18选项
A.typing
B.working
C.learning
D.emailing
问题19选项
A.examine
B.throw
C.calculate
D.value
问题20选项
A.intelligence
B.work
C.attitude
D.weakness
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:A
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:A
第11题:C
第12题:D
第13题:D
第14题:B
第15题:B
第16题:A
第17题:D
第18题:C
第19题:A
第20题:C
【解析】(1)考查逻辑关系。此处的Successor46与后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses(优势和劣势)相对应,success(成功)对应的词是failure(失败),因此选C。
(2)考查固定搭配。toagreatextent为固定搭配,意为“很大程度上,非常”。
(3)考查固定搭配。此处可将“toagreatextent”看作一个插入语,dependon为固定搭配,意为“依赖,依靠”。
(4)考查介词辨析。of与名词连用,表示具有某种性质,状态,位于句首,表示强调。正常语序为:Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.(beof+名词)
(5)考查动词辨析。convince意为“使确信,使相信”;imagine意为“想象,设想”;understand意为“理解”;dream意为“梦想”。此处表示“如果一个人刚开始工作的人就确信自己不会喜欢……”。
(6)考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主语he,besurethat后面加从句,此处表示“或肯定不适应这项工作”。
(7)考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief为固定搭配,意为“相信”。
(8)考查固定搭配。capableofdoing为固定搭配,意为“有能力做某事,能够做某事”。
(9)考查动词辨析。risk意为“危险,冒险”;make意为“做”;reduce意为“减少”;possess意为“拥有,具有”。
(10)考查形容词辨析。prerequisite意为“先决条件,前提”;educational意为“教育的”;意为“手工的,体力的”;basic意为“基本的”。此处表示“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”。
(11)考查逻辑关系。由前句的“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”可知此处表示“____这些技能显然是一个弱势”,having(拥有)与lacking(缺少)相对应,因此选C。
(12)考查逻辑关系。此处列举一些职业需要相对应的技能,因此主语bookkeeper(记账人,簿记员)需要会运算相关方面的能力,因此选D,add意为“加法”。
(13)考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意为“充分利用某事物”。
(14)考查逻辑关系。由前面的“利用优势”可知此处表示“克服缺点”,因此选B。
(15)考查逻辑关系。根据后面的“你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境”可知此处表示“但为了你的发展”更符合语意,因此选B,development意为“发展,进步”。
(16)考查连词。分析句子结构,可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”为两个简单句,需要有连词连接,over与out不是连词,since作连词,意为“从……以后,由于,既然”,as作连词,意为“随着,由于”,此处表示“随着更深入的阅读”,因此选A。
(17)考查动词辨析。calculate意为“计算”;move意为“移动,搬动”;drill意为“训练,演习”;deal意为“处理,涉及,论述”。此处表示“我们将更详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程”,因此选D。
(18)考查动词关系。此处表示“学习技能”,因此选C。
(19)考查逻辑关系。根据前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow(你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境)可知此处表示“检测你现在的优势和劣势”,因此选A,examine意为“检查,调查”。
(20)考查逻辑关系。根据前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此处选C,与文章前面的内容相呼应。
3.单选题
Chinatodayishometo1.3billionpeople——nearlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulation.ThegrowthofChina'spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines.ThedeathrateinChinahasdecreased,andmorechildrensurvive.ThehighersurvivalrateinChinameansthatmorepeopleareenteringchildbearingage.ThispopulationgrowthwasthreateningtodestroyChina’schancestobecomearichercountry:justprovidingfoodandbasicnecessitiesforeveryonewouldconsumeallofitseconomicgains.
Totametheexplosivepopulationgrowth,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedadrasticpolicyofallowingonechildperfamily.Toenforcethispolicy,thegovernmenthasavarietyofincentivesforthosewhocomplyandpunishmentforthosewhodonot.Forexample,coupleswhohaveonlyonechildgetamonthlypayuntilthechildisfourteen,specialconsiderationforscarcehousing,freemedicalcare,andextrapensionbenefits.Thepressuretoconformispowerful.Coupleswhoignorethestate’sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties.
Thefamily-planningpolicy,institutedinChinain1979,hasbeenremarkablyeffective(thoughconsiderablymoresoincitiesthaninthecountryside).Birthstowomanofchildbearingagehavefallendramaticallytoabout2.5childrenforeverywoman.
Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly.In1982,5%ofthepopulationwasoverage64.In2010,about9%willbeover64andin2050,25%willbe.Atthefamilylevel,childrenwithoutbrothersorsisterswilleachhavetocarefortwoagingparents.Atthenationallevel,thegreatnumbersofagingpeoplewilltaxthesociety’sresources.Chinastaresthisproblemarapidlyagingpopulationwithoutalargeenoughfollowinggenerationtosupportit——withmanyofthedevelopednationsoftheworld.
1.Accordingtothepassage,Chinaisinapopulationdilemmainthesensethat().
2.TopunishthosewhoviolatethefamilyplanningpolicytheChinesegovernmentdoeswhichofthe
following?
3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarethecausesforthepopulationexplosioninChina
except().
4.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto().
问题1选项
A.moreoldpeoplesurviveinthesociety
B.Chinesepopulationwillcontinuetoincreaserapidlyinthenearfuture
C.birth-ratedecreasesbutthepercentageofoldpeopleincreases
D.itisdifficulttocarryoutthefamilyplanningpolicy
问题2选项
A.Advisethemtoobservetherule
B.Reducetheirwages
C.Finethosecouples
D.Putthemintoprison
问题3选项
A.bettereducation
B.betterhealth
C.betterlife
D.decreaseddeathrate
问题4选项
A.explainwhythefamilyplanningpolicyisadoptedinChina
B.predictthepopulationprobleminChina
C.demonstratethecauseandeffectofthefamilyplanningpolicy
D.illustratetheresultoffamilyplanningpolicy
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“中国在人口方面面临的一个窘境是……”。文章第四段提到由于计划生育的成功,中国人口正在迅速老龄化(Chinamayeventuallysucceedinbalancingitspopulationgrowth,butindoingso,itiscreatinganewproblem.TheironyisthatbecauseoftheverysuccessofChina’spopulationpolicy,theChinesepopulationisagingrapidly),因此选项C“出生率降低,但是人口老龄化加剧”符合题意。
2.细节事实题。题目问的是“为了惩罚那些违反计划生育的人,政府是怎样做的?”文章第二段最后一句话提到忽视国家政策的夫妻会受到经济处罚(Coupleswhoignorethestate'sdirectivesuffersocialdisgraceandeconomicpenalties),因此选项C符合题意。
3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列选项中都是中国人口爆炸的原因,除了哪一项?”文章第一段第二句话提到中国人口增长是因为现代化带来了更多的食物,更好的医疗条件,疾病减少,流行病和饥荒减少(ThegrowthofChina’spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines),由此可知只有选项A“好的教育”没有提及,符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要目的是什么?”文章开篇讲述了中国人口增长的原因,及其弊端,从而引出“计划生育”,详细说明了这一政策的实施方式以及取得的效果。后半部分讲述了该政策带来的问题。因此选项C“说明计划生育的原因及其影响”符合题意。
4.单选题
TheGymnasiumwas(
)byApril2014,butnowthewallwasstillnowhereinsight.
问题1选项
A.tobecompleted
B.tocomplete
C.tohavecompleted
D.tohavebeencompleted
【答案】D
【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词不定式的用法。选项A是不定式结构的被动形式,表示被动或是逻辑上的动宾关系。选项B是不定式的一般式,和句中的主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系。选项C是不定式的完成式,表示动作已经发生。选项D表示不定式的完成式,并且含有被动语态,表示动宾关系兼完成状态。分析文章语义“体育馆2014年4月建成”了,选项D为最佳答案。
5.单选题
______,theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.
问题1选项
A.Likemanyanothernewthings
B.Likemuchothernewthings
C.Likemanyothernewthings
D.Likemanyanothernewthing
【答案】C
【解析】考查语法知识。another“又一,另一个”,一般用来修饰或代指可数名词单数,因此排除A和D选项;much不能用来修饰可数名词,排除B选项。因此C选项符合题意。
6.单选题
Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the()ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.
问题1选项
A.conservation
B.reservation
C.exhaustion
D.devastation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A项conservation“保护,保存”,B项reservation“预定”,C项exhaustion“筋疲力尽”,D项devastation“毁坏”。根据后面的resource可知句意:为了实现可持续发展,储备资源正具有新的重要性。因此A项正确。
7.单选题
Hehaslittletrouble()thetiresofhiscar.
问题1选项
A.tofix
B.fix
C.fixing
D.withfixing
【答案】C
【解析】特殊用法。havetrouble后接动名词,表示“在…方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。
8.单选题
Sinceyouaresoweak,youshouldtakeevery____precautionagainstcatchingcold.
问题1选项
A.critical
B.comparable
C.distinct
D.conceivable
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A.critical关键的B.comparable可比较的
C.distinct明显的;确切的D.conceivable可想象的;可信的
【答案】D
【考查点】形容词辨析与语义衔接
【解题思路】原句语义为“既然你这么虚弱,你应该采取一切____的预防措施以防感冒。”由此可知,病人非常虚弱,应该采取一切可能的措施预防感冒,D选项conceivable“可想象的;可信的”最符合原句语义衔接。
【干扰项排除】
A选项critical“关键的”,“采取每一个关键的预防措施”没有“采取每一个可能的预防措施”符合原句语境;
B选项comparable“可比较的”,不符合原句语义衔接;
C选项distinct“明显的;确切的”,不符合原句语义衔接。
【句意】既然你这么虚弱,你应该采取一切可能的预防措施以防感冒。
9.单选题
LeaksfromEdwardSnowden,asystem’sadministratorturnedwhistleblowerattheNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),America’ssignals-intelligenceagency,haveconfirmedthattheInternetisinsecure,andthatmodernspyagenciescan—anddo,onanindustrialscale—tapvirtuallyanyformofonlinecommunication.ButperhapsthemostacuteembarrassmentsofarhasbeencausedbytherevelationthattheNSAmayhavebeenlisteningtophonecallsmadebytheleadersofAmerica’sallies,mostnotablythoseoftheGermanchancellor,AngelaMerkel.Buthowexactlyisitdone?
Amobilephoneisessentiallyatelephonewitharadioattached.Anyonecanlisteninontheradiowavestravellingbetweenahandsetandthebasestationtowhichitisconnected.Topreventcasualeavesdropping,phonesoften(althoughnotalways)useencryption,whichdisarrangesthedatasothatonlytheintendedrecipientcanmakesenseofit.Butnotallencryptioniscreatedequal.Theencryptionusedinsecond-generation(2G)phones—atechnologythatdatesbackto1991一isweak,andreadilycrackedbymoderncomputers.The3Gstandardincludesstrongerdisarranging,althoughitisstillnotperfect.4G,theneweststandard,currentlybeingusedaroundtheworld,likewiseoffersmorecompetentencryption—althoughdocumentsleakedbyEdwardSnowdensuggestthatthespiesarepressuringmanufacturerstoputsecret“backdoors”intotheirproducts.
Butgettinginvolvedincryptographyisn’talwaysnecessary.Spyagenciescanobtaindetailsfromtelephonecompanies,eitherbyaskingthemtocooperateorforcingthemto.Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.Atahackerconferencein2010,asecurityresearchercalledChrisPagetgaveadetaileddemonstrationofhowthisworks,usinglessthan$2,000ofoff-the-shelfequipment(afakebase-stationcaninstructphonesthatconnecttoittodoallsortsofthings,suchasturnofftheirencryption).Policeforcesaroundtheworlduseasimilargeartosilentlylisteninoncallsmadebytheirtargets.ArecentbookdescribeshowtheFBIhasquietlyremovedseveralsuchfakebase-stations-runbyforeignembassies—fromaroundWashington,D.C.
Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.Modernsmartphonesaregeneral-purposecomputers.Usersstoree-mailsonthem,fixtheirpositionwithsatellitenavigationsystems,andevenusethemforbanking,makingthemveryjuicytargetsindeed.Evenifthephonesthemselvesaresecure,itisfarfromclearhowsecurethebehind-the-scenesserversrunbyGoogleandApple,whichcontroltheAndroidandiOSplatformsrespectively,reallyare.Forthenon-spies,therearecheaper,simpleroptionsthatoftenwork,too.ThisweekseveraljournalistsinBritainarestandingtrialforhackingthevoicemailmessagesofeveryonefromservingpoliticianstomurderedschoolchildren.Theirmethodswerelow-techbuteffective:theysmooth-talkedemployeesofmobile-phonecompaniesintohandingoverthefour-digitpasscodesthatprotecttheircustomers’voicemailaccounts.Orelsetheysimplyguessedthem,bettingthatthephoneownerseitherhadn’tchangedthemfromdefaultsettingsorhadchoseneasy-to-rememberones,suchas1—2—3—4.WhethertheNSAusedlow-orhigh-techmethodstotapMrs.Merkel’sphoneremainsamystery—fornow,atleast.
1.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?
2.Howcanencryptionpreventcasualeavesdropping?
3.Accordingtothecontexttheword“impersonate”(Para.3)mightmean“(
)”.
4.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?
问题1选项
A.TorevealhowAngelaMerkelistapped.
B.TonarratethestoryofleaksfromEdwardSnowden.
C.Toexplainhowphonescanbebugged.
D.Toshowtheadvancementofhightechnology.
问题2选项
A.Bystoppingtheusualradiowaves.
B.Bydisconnectingatelephonetoaradio.
C.Bymakingtheinformationincomprehensible.
D.Bycreatingequalcodepages.
问题3选项
A.empower
B.design
C.personify
D.copy
问题4选项
A.Otherillegalmeanstoobtainpersonalinformation.
B.Processofsnatchingtextmessages.
C.ThetrialofseveralBritishjournalists.
D.Adviceofhowtousesmartphonesinproperways.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:B
【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知,文章由第一段爱德华•斯诺登泄密的故事引出手机窃听,主要目的是为了说明手机是如何被窃听的,所以选项C正确。
2.根据第二段第三句“Topreventcasualeavesdropping,...recipientcanmakesenseofit.”为了防止偶然的窃听,手机经常(虽然并不总是如此)使用加密技术,加密技术会打乱数据的排列,只有目标接收者才能理解这些数据。也就是说,使信息无法被旁人所理解,选项C符合原文。
3.根据第三段第三句“Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.”另一种选择是模拟移动网络本身,建立一个假的基站,并说服目标的手机连接到它。根据“fakebase-station”可以推测,impersonate表示模拟的意思,选项中D带入原文最接近文意,所以正确。
4.根据最后一段的第一句“Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.”不只是电话,短信也可以被窃取。选项B符合原文。
第2题:
第3题:
第4题:
10.单选题
()me,IthinkanEnglish-ChinesedictionaryismuchmorehelpfultoourstudythananallEnglishdictionary.
问题1选项
A.Asfaras
B.As
C.Asfor
D.Asregard
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。asfor“对……来说,就……而言”。句意:对我来说,我认为一本英汉字典要比一本全英字典要好。根据句意可知C为正确答案。
11.单选题
SOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“OSoleMio”;anuttylittlecorneroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“Whynot?”
Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.
Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?
ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears—iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.
TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.
Neapolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidayoungprofessionalwoman.Sometimestheysay,“SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomefromNaples?”
GiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:“Well,hereweareinNaples,”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”
Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”
Thisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedbytheGreeks(whocalleditNeapolis,or“newcity”),thenaflourishingRomanresort,itlivedthroughvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,Swabians,Austrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.
Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,theoldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanCarloremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheworld.ThetreasuresofPompeiigracetheNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastoftheBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildclimateandrichfolklore,Naplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandwriters.Themostfamousresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesanddie.”
Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts.Untilfiveyearsagocitygovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyafewmonths.Acholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsfamousporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout—itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay,“Incomprehensible”,“Martyred”.
1.Thetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowthat______.
2.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheNortherners______.
3.TheauthorimpliesthatNeapolitans’affectionforthecity______.
4.Whentheauthorsays“Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations,”heactuallymeansthat______.
问题1选项
A.Napleshasahighincidenceoftrafficaccidents
B.anythingextraordinarycanhappeninNaples
C.peopletherelovetostorefoodforyears
D.everythingappearstobeonthewrongside
问题2选项
A.arecriticalofwhatNaplesrepresents
B.sympathizewithNeapolitans
C.sharemanythingswithNeapolitans
D.makeeveryefforttoshunNeapolitans
问题3选项
A.wasunrealistic
B.wentabittoofar
C.wasextraordinary
D.gaverisetoconcern
问题4选项
A.thecitycannowboastveryfewpoets
B.artistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandParis
C.thecityunderwentheavybombingduringtheWar
D.Thecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriouspast
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
【解析】1.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第二段和第三段中的两个例子旨在说明……”。第二段首句提到Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.(那不勒斯:意大利糟糕的城市,在那里甚至连真相都有一种奇怪的虚构色彩),接着第二段和第三段举出了两个例子:一个是Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.(一辆小汽车与一辆城市小型公共汽车追尾。公共汽车司机下车去调查。当他站在那里说话时,他唯一的乘客拿起方向盘开走了);另外一个是Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?(在中央邮局忙碌的午餐时间,天花板上的一条裂缝裂开了,邮政工人被一大堆过期的羊角面包压得喘不过气来。当清洁工把装着发霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走时,问题来了:是谁?为什么?那上面还可能有什么?),从这两个例子可以推知,那不勒斯这个城市的糟糕的状况,故D项“一切似乎都是错位的”符合题意;A项“那不勒斯的交通事故发生率很高”和C项“那里的人们喜欢把食物储存多年”只是例子;B项“在那不勒斯,任何不寻常的事情都可能发生”表示不够准确,这些事情并不是不寻常的,而是糟糕的。因此,该题选择D项正确。
2.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以得出结论,北方人……”。根据文章的第五段TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.(对许多意大利人来说,尤其是那些生活在富裕、工业化的北方的意大利人来说,这一切都不足为奇。对他们来说,那不勒斯意味着政治上的腐败,浪费的联邦补贴,猖獗的有组织犯罪,可怕的大家庭,以及狡诈、懒惰的人们,他们宁愿做一些阴暗的事情也不愿做诚实的工作。)可知,北方的意大利人对那不勒斯是批判的态度,A项“对那不勒斯所代表的东西持批评态度”正确;由此也可知B项“同情那不勒斯人”和C项“和那不勒斯人有很多共同点”不正确;D项“尽量避开那不勒斯人”,文章在此处主要是表达意大利的北方人对那不勒斯的批判,并不能推断出他们想尽量避开那不勒斯人。因此,该题选择A项正确。
3.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人对城市的感情……”。根据文章的第八段Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”(那不勒斯人可能会抱怨,但大多数人无法想象住在其他地方。这个城市有一个大家庭的亲密、紧张和疯狂,但却有着强烈的奉献精神。这里的人和纽约人一样,有一种偏执的自豪感。他们爱那些即使坏了的食物,他们喜欢做那不勒斯人。他们知道外人不懂,他们不在乎。一个女人说:“即使你走了,你仍然是这座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多问题,但离开它我感觉很糟糕。”)可以推断出,在此处作者暗示那不勒斯人对他们城市的感情是特别的,是非凡的,C项“是非凡的”正确;由此也可知,A项“是不现实的”和D项“引起关注”不正确;B项“有点太过了”是干扰项,根据该段那不勒斯人对自己城市的描述可以知道这种情感并不显得很夸张。因此,该题选择C项正确。
4.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“当作者说‘如今,那些评价就没有那么有诗意了’时,他实际上的意思是……”。文章倒数第二段讲述了那不勒斯这个城市过去的辉煌和教养,接着最后一段第一句作者就说Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.(如今,那些评价就没有那么有诗意了),接着就讲到了那不勒斯屡屡遭受灾难和不堪的现状,由此可以推知,作者说这一句话的意思是那不勒斯如今的问题已经使得过去的辉煌暗淡模糊,D项“这个城市目前的问题使它辉煌的过去痕迹模糊”正确;A项“这个城市现在可以夸耀的诗人很少了”,最后两段没有提到诗人;B项“艺术家和作家都去了伦敦和巴黎”没有提到;C项“这座城市在战争期间遭受了猛烈的轰炸”这只是那不勒斯如今的问题使得过去的辉煌痕迹模糊的原因之一。因此,该题选择D项正确。
12.不定项选择题
Hamletfisharecautiouslovers.Eacheveningattwilight,manytimesaneveninginfact,apairofthemwillleavethesafetyoftheirCaribbeanreefandrushafewyardsofftheseafloor.Positioningthemselvesside-to-side,head-to-tailtheyhurriedlyreleasetheireggsandsperm.Thentheyturnsharplyforhome,leavestheirgametestomixinsilence.IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.
Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.Underwater,however,humanearsdon’tworkwell.Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.
Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.Thefemalerespondswithadownward,sweepingsoundlikeaslidewhistle.Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.
Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry,whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.“Thesoundisnotascream,it’sonlyasloudasconversation,”saysLobel.
Lobelhassincerecordedsoundsfromabouttwodozenotherfishspecies.Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates,andthatfishofthesamespeciesmayevencommunicateinregionaldialects.“Lotsofpeoplesitandwatchtheirlittlefishintheiraquarium,”Lobelsays,“Well,it’slikelookingatabirdcagebehindsound-proofglass.Thesethingsareallmakingsounds.”
1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto().
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfishcallsaccordingtothispassage?
3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“theappropriatemoment”forfishtoemitcriesofecstasymentionedinthefirstparagraph?
4.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectinferencefromthepassage?
5.Theauthormentionedbirdcallsinthelastparagraphinorder().
问题1选项
A.refuteamisconceptionthatfishdon’tmakesounds
B.proveanewdiscovery
C.explainthetimewhenhamletfishmakesounds
D.demonstratethefactthatfishareromanticashumanbeings
问题2选项
A.Fishcallsarecommonlyregardedasrare.
B.Someofsoundsproducedbyfisharenot
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