考研考博-英语-四川信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

问题1选项

A.intendsreducing

B.intendstobereduced

C.isintendedtoreduce

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。本句主语为Thislaw，宾语为：thenumberofaccidents，causedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus为非谓语动词引导的定语修饰先行词accidents，定语中包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句，句意：这项法律___儿童下车时跑过马路造成的事故数量。由基本句型结构可知空格处需要填入谓语，intend“打算；想要；意指”，结合主语，法律不会主动做某事，可至空格需要填入被动语态，排除A，B；最后根据固定搭配intendtodosth.“想要做；想要做某事”，因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe（）fromfalltowinter.

问题1选项

A.transition

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。transition转变，过渡，变迁；transmission传播；transformation变化，转换；transfer转移。句意是：我很喜欢四季的交替，但我最喜欢秋到冬的（）。因此，A选项transition符合句意。

3.单选题

Lawyersemergedfrom（）intheeighteencenturytobecomekeymembersofthecommercialcolonies.

问题1选项

A.prominence

B.obscurity

C.significance

D.originality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。prominence“突出，显著”；obscurity“朦胧，晦涩，身份低微”；significance“意义，重要性”；originality“创意，创造力”。句意：18世纪，律师从默默无闻一跃成为商业殖民地的重要成员。此处需要注意题干中的“from...to...”，说明有转变，to后面是“重要成员”，而能体现这一转变的选项为Bobscurity。

4.翻译题

Whenyou’refedupwithself-obsessedtwenty-somethings,trytorememberthatthey’llbe33oneday.Forthat’stheagewhentheylosethe“allaboutme”attitude,researchsuggests.Bythen,youthfulselfishnesssubsidesandpeoplebegintoconsiderothers’feelingsmoreoften,researcherssay.Whenwereach33,wearealsomorelikelytomakeaneffortwithparentsandgrandparentsandtakeapositiveattitudetowardsendingfeudswithfamilyorfriends.Theolderweget,themoreselflessweareinalmostallareasoflife—withtheexceptionofvolunteeringinthecommunity,thereportsuggests.Mostpeopleagreethathavingchildrenistheturningpointinchangingourattitudestowardsotherpeople.Thisiswhenweapparentlyfindourselvesworryingmoreaboutothersanddoingthingsforthem,suchascheckinghowtheyaregettinghome,offeringtohelpwithchildcareanddoingairportruns.Andwearemorelikelytokeepaneyeoutforneighbors,aswellasgiveupseatstoelderlypeopleonpublictransport.Wewillprobablyalsobemoreinvolvedinthecommunityandwillingtodonatemoneytogoodcauses.Thoseunder33aremostlikelytoadmittobeingveryselfish—with40percentsayingthattheyputthemselvesfirstinallcircumstances.However,40percentofthisagegroupregularlyvolunteerforcharityortheircommunity—higherthananyotheragegroup.Theageatwhichwearemostselfishisourteenageyears,researchersfound—withpeoplesayingthatjustgrowingupmadethemmorelikelytoconsiderothers.Otherscitemeetingtheirpartnerorbuyingahouseasthepointatwhichtheystartedbeingmorecompassionateandputtingothersfirst.ResearchersatMake-A-WishFoundationUKcametotheirconclusionafterstudyingtheattitudesof2,000adultsagedfrom20to60.

【答案】当你受够了20多岁的自恋的年轻人，试着记住他们终有会到33岁的一天。研究表明，在这个年龄，人们会彻底改变“一切围绕自我”的态度。研究者表明，到那时，年轻人的自私心理会消失，人们开始更多地考虑他人的感受。当我们33岁时，我们也有可能更多地与父母和祖父母在一起，并以积极的态度去解决与家人或朋友的不和睦关系。报告显示，随着年龄的增长，我们在生活的几乎所有方面都变得更加无私，在社区做义工除外。大多数人认为拥有孩子是我们对其他人态度转变的一个转折点。当我们有了孩子之后，我们会明显地发现自己更加为别人担心，并且为他们做事和付出，比如询问他们如何回家，主动提出帮忙照顾孩子或者去机场接机。而且我们可能更加关心邻居，并且在公共交通中给老年人让座。我们可能也会更多地参与社区活动，更加愿意为公益事业捐款。那些33岁以下的人可能也承认自己非常自私——40%的人说任何情况下他们都把自己放在第一位。研究者发现，我们最自私的年龄是青少年时期。人们说，仅仅是成长就会让他们更倾向于为他人考虑。另一些人则表示，在遇到伴侣或买房时，他们开始变得更有同情心，并把他人放在首位。英国许愿基金会的研究人员在调查了2000名年龄在20岁至60岁之间的成年人的态度后得出了上述结论。

5.单选题

TheaudiencecheeredasNumberthreehadrowedhimselfoutandwasslumpedoverhisoaratthe（）.

问题1选项

A.deadline

B.finishedline

C.finishingline

D.finishline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。deadline“截止线，界线”；finishline“终点线”，finishedline“竣工线”；没有搭配deadline和finishingline，选项A和C可排除。句意：当三号选手筋疲力尽地划到终点，伏倒他的桨上，观众们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Theworldeconomicrecessionputan（）endtothesteelmarketupturnthatbeganin2002.

问题1选项

A.irregular

B.illegal

C.absurd

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。irregular"不规则的,无规律的";illegal"非法的";absurd"不合理的,荒谬的";abrupt"突然的,意外的"。根据句中upturn判定,worldeconomicrecession是"突然停止的"。句意：世界经济衰退突然结束了2002年开始的钢铁市场好转的情况。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltratingpeople’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwall,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tslingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

46.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?

47.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?

48.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.______.

49.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.

问题1选项

A.Theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.

B.Thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.

C.TheimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.

D.Theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.

问题2选项

A.Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.

B.Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.

C.Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.

D.Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.

问题3选项

A.pretendtobetemporaryworkers

B.mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially

C.haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas

D.arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers

问题4选项

A.inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums

B.governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies

C.publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding

D.bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】46.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章想要告诉我们什么？”。文章在第一段就提到It’sabrandnewworld–aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.（这是一个全新的围绕品牌建立的世界。强势收费、制造噪音、塑造文化的品牌无处不在。），接下来几个段落，作者通过举例指出品牌和营销在人民生活中的不断渗入，包括衣服、电视节目、公共空间和教室等，并且品牌和营销使得公司费用增加，从而迫使公司降低员工的成本；综合推断可知，这篇文章主要讲的是品牌和营销在人们生活的方方面面中过度渗透，D项“品牌和营销在人们生活中的过度存在”正确；A项“公司现行做法存在的问题”和B项“当前营销活动和策略的性质”都只是文章的部分内容；C项“品牌在美国文化中的重要性”没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

47.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者认为下列哪项是品牌在人们生活中日益增多的一个因素？”。第二段最后一句提到Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.（但是，随着品牌渗透到我们生活的方方面面，然后是过度渗透，它们背后的公司引来了更多的问题和更深入的审视，以及消费者不可避免的强烈反应。），以及文章最后一句Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.（但企业利用了这些机构的需求，影响太远，用营销计划压倒了公民空间。）综合推断，品牌在人们生活中日益增加的一个原因是品牌营销侵略性太强，故A项“企业营销的侵略性”正确；由文章最后一段第一句Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.（20世纪80年代，市场营销活动的大规模扩张与政府对学校和博物馆的开支削减相吻合。）可知，B项“学校和博物馆与私营公司合作的意愿”只是市场营销活动的大规模扩张与政府开支削减吻合的结果，并不符合题干；C项“市场营销方式缺乏政府监管”没有提到；D项“营销活动占用了公共空间”属于营销侵略性的特点。因此，该题选择A项正确。

48.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章暗示美国大多数合同工……”。根据第五段最后一句IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.（在美国，合同劳工催生了所谓的“麦当劳工作”，雇主和工人都假装这些工作是临时的，尽管做这些工作通常是设法养家糊口的人。）可推知，文章暗含的意思就是这些美国合同工养家糊口可能是有困难的，B项“养家糊口可能有困难”正确；A项“假装是临时工”在文章中明确提及了，并不是暗含的意思；C项“工作条件与海外的低薪工人相当”没提到；由第五段中的Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.（合同工是临时雇佣的，按任务分配，雇主没有义务提供任何福利，如医疗保险或长期的工作保障）可知，D项“有可能从他们的雇主那里得到健康福利”错误。因此，该题选择B项正确。

49.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“我们从最后一段可以推断出……”。根据最后一段前两句的内容Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.（20世纪80年代，市场营销活动的大规模扩张与政府对学校和博物馆的开支削减相吻合。这使得这些机构非常愿意、甚至迫切地与私营企业合作。）可以推断，学校、博物馆等这些公共机构急于通过企业营销来削减开支，即作为一种资金的来源，故C项“公共机构太急于接受企业营销作为一种资金来源”符合题意；最后一段没有提到联邦资金，A项“联邦资金不足导致学校和博物馆私有化”不正确；B项“政府减少了学校和博物馆与公司合作的开支”错误，并不是政府减少了开支，而是市场营销；D项“到20世纪80年代，很少有公共机构不是由公司资助的”错误，营销公司帮助公共机构的是削减开支，并不是资助。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Silk,althoughitisconsideredadelicatefabric,isinfactverystrong,butitisadverselyaffectedbysunlight.

问题1选项

A.soft

B.sheer

C.fragile

D.refined

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A选项soft“柔软的；温柔的；软弱的”；B选项sheer“绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项refined“精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的”。句意：丝绸虽然被认为是一种易碎的织物，但事实上它非常结实，但它受到阳光的不利影响。根据句中although“尽管”和“isinfactverystrong实际上是非常结实的”可知delicate在这里的意思为“易碎的”，因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

NewYear’sdetoxproductsthatpurporttoridthebodyofharmfulchemicalsaccumulatedthroughseasonalover-indulgenceareawasteoftimeandmoney,leadingscientistssaidrecently.

Mostofthepills,juices,teasandoilsthataresoldfortheirdetoxifyingeffectsonthebodyhavenoscientificfoundationfortheirclaims,accordingtotoxicologistsanddieticians.

Theywillnotinfluencetherateatwhichthebodyridsitselfoftoxins,andanybeneficialeffectswouldbematchedatmuchlowercostbydrinkingplentyoftapwater,eatingfruitandvegetablesandgettingafewearlynights.

Theentiremarketfordetoxproducts,whichisworthtensofmillionsofpoundsayear,restsonmythsaboutthehumanbodythatarehittingconsumersinthewallet,theexperts’reporthasfound.

“Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife,andthattheyneedtobeexpungedbysomemysteriousprocessofdetoxification,oftenonceayearafterChristmasexcess.Thedetoxfad--orfads,astherearemanymethods--isanexampleofthecapacityofpeopletobelievein(andpayfor)magicdespitethelackofanysoundevidence.”saidMartinWiseman,VisitingProfessorofHumanNutritionattheUniversityofSouthampton.

Thecriticismofthedetoxindustryhasemergedfromaninquiryintopublicperceptionsofchemicalsandtoxicitybyaworkingpartyof11scientists.Thefullreport,MakingSenseofChemicalStories,willbepublishedlaterthismonthbythecharitySenseAboutScience.

Itfoundthatpopularideasaboutdetoxarebasedonmisconceptionsabouthowthehumanbodyrespondstochemicalsinthediet.Theliverandkidneysarehighlyefficientorgansthathaveevolvedtobreakdownandremovetoxinsfromthebloodstream,andtheirfunctionisnothelpedbyproductssuchasGillianMcKeith’s£19.99“24hourdetoxprogramme,”whichclaimsto“assistthenaturaldetoxificationprocessinyourbody.”

“Ourbodiesareverygoodateliminatingallthenastiesthatwemightdigestoverthefestiveseason,”saidJohnEmsley,oftheRoyalSocietyofChemistry.

SirColinBerry,ProfessorEmeritusofPathologyatQueenMary,UniversityofLondon,said:“Evenifyoudrinkanalmostlethaldoseofalcohol(whichIdon’trecommend)yourliverwillclearitin36hourswithoutassistancefromdetoxtablets.”

1.Itcanbeinferredthatpeopleusually（）.

2.Accordingtoscientists,whathelpsridthebodyoftoxinsincludes（）.

3.Theboldfacedword“expunged”(inPara.5)canbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Expertsconsideritamyththat（）.

5.Thecriticismofthedetoxindustrystarted（）.

6.JohnEmsleyandColinBerrysharetheideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.takeharmfulchemicals

B.consumedetoxproducts

C.haveabalanceddiet

D.wastemoneyonfood

问题2选项

A.goingtobedearly

B.drinkingherbaltea

C.takingcertainpills

D.doingmuchexercise

问题3选项

A.tested

B.digested

C.eliminated

D.accumulated

问题4选项

A.detoxproductshavemarvelouseffects

B.noxiouschemicalsgatherinthebody

C.peoplegenerallyovereatatChristmas

D.people’scapacitytobelieveisunlimited

问题5选项

A.ataconferenceheldattheUniversityofSouthhamton

B.fromareportentitled“MakingSenseofChemicalStories”

C.byacharityorganizationcalledSenseAboutScience

D.withastudyonpublicunderstandingofchemicals

问题6选项

A.toxinscanstayinthebodyaslongas36hours

B.drinkingexcessivealcoholleadstodeath

C.detoxtabletsfacilitatethenaturaldetoxification

D.thehumanbodyhasapowerfuldetoxsystem

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到一些权威科学家表示，新年排毒产品声称可以清楚体内因季节性过度放纵而积累起来的有害化学物质，但实际上是在浪费时间和金钱（awasteoftimeandmoney），由此可以推断出人们经常会购买这些排毒产品，因此选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到多喝水、多吃水果以及早睡的排毒效果都可以与排毒产品相当，并且成本更低（atmuchlowercostbydrinkingplentyoftapwater,eatingfruitandvegetablesandgettingafewearlynights），因此选项A符合题意。

3.词义题。文章第五段提到在这些谬论中，有一种观点认为，人体在日常生活中以某种方式积累有害化学物质(Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife)，这些有害物质需要通过一些神秘的排毒过程来被expunge，根据上下文可知排毒产品是用来清除有毒物质，因此可以推断出expunge这个词的意思是”清除”，因此选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第五段提到在这些谬论中，有一种观点认为，人体在日常生活中以某种方式积累有害化学物质，这些有害物质需要通过某种神秘的解毒过程排出体外（Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife,andthattheyneedtobeexpungedbysomemysteriousprocessofdetoxification,oftenonceayearafterChristmasexcess），通过上下文可知这个神秘的过程就是服用排毒产品，由此可推断出很多人认为排毒产品拥有神奇的效果，但是在专家看来这些都是无稽之谈，因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章第六段提到了对排毒产品行业的批判，是开始于11位科学家对公众对化学物质和毒素的认知调查（Thecriticismofthedetoxindustryhasemergedfromaninquiryintopublicperceptionsofchemicalsandtoxicitybyaworkingpartyof11scientists），因此选项D符合题意。

6.判断推理题。文章倒数第二段提到JohnEmsley的观点：我们的身体能够消除节假日期间摄取到脏物（Ourbodiesareverygoodateliminatingallthenastiesthatwemightdigestoverthefestiveseason）；文章最后一段提到ColinBerry的观点：即使你喝了几乎致命剂量的酒，在没有排毒产品的帮助下，你的肝脏会在36小时内清除它（Evenifyoudrinkanalmostlethaldoseofalcohol(whichIdon’trecommend)yourliverwillclearitin36hourswithoutassistancefromdetoxtablets）。由此可知这两位都认为人体本身能够排毒，选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

问题1选项

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句谓语是“should+动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。从句部分是倒装结构，省略了if，由于句子中的时间状语是thedayaftertomorrow，所以从句动词应该用与将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气。应为should(wereto)+动词原形。句意：如果他们在我们后天出发之前到达的话，我们可以有一顿丰盛的晚宴。故D项正确。

11.单选题

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetimewatchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor:thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.parentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

问题2选项

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.totallygroundless

D.ratherconfusing

问题3选项

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

问题4选项

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

问题5选项

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子们和他们的父母一样，也受到时间短缺的影响）。C选项“父母和孩子都因缺乏闲暇时间而受苦”，根据文章内容，C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确。A选项“孩子们几乎没有时间和父母一起玩”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“孩子们没有得到工作的父母很好的照顾”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。D选项“父母和孩子都在管理他们的时间上有困难”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】作者意图题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子们的影响同时紧缩（危机），影响他们的父母）。B选项“部分正确”，B选项符合句意。A选项“十分信服”，作者并没有认为她给出的理由是十分信服的。C选项“完全没有事实根据”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“令人困惑的”，不符合题意，可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“他有大量的时间阅读和学习”，文中最后一段所说孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时，因此A可排除。B选项“他只能以自己的方式和同龄人玩游戏”，这里符合文章倒数第二段内容“自由玩耍鼓励孩子们独立思考，并允许他们与同龄人协商他们的关系”，因此可推测和同龄人玩耍会使孩子发展得更好，因此B选项正确。C选项“他有更多的时间参加学校活动”，参加学校活动，导致儿童的闲暇时间减少，因此不利于儿童发展，C选项可排除。D选项“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所说由于父母上班，导致儿童与父母之间的交流减少，因此D选项可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第二句Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.（她们也做更多的家务，参加更多的有组织的活动，如足球和芭蕾舞。）A选项“areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities”（正在参与越来越多的有组织的活动），符合文章所说的内容，儿童参加越来越多有组织的活动，因此A选项正确。B选项“越来越多的小孩被工作的母亲所忽视”，文章所说，只是两者之间交流时间减少，因此不符合题意，可排除B选项。C选项“花越来越多的时间看电视”，文章最后一段所说“孩子们把他们迅速减少的四分之一的空闲时间花在看电视上”，因此C不符合题意，可排除。D选项“家务活越来越少了”，文章第一段所说“她们也做更多的家务”，因此可排除D选项。因此A选项为正确答案。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文。A选项“课外活动能提高孩子的智力”，符合文章倒数第二段，课外活动可以提高孩子的智力，因此A选项正确。B选项“大多数孩子会在关掉电视的情况下看书”，文章最后一段所说“如果他们在电视机前花的时间减少了，孩子们也不会用阅读来代替”，B选项可排除。C选项“让孩子们对阅读感兴趣的努力取得了丰硕的成果”，文章最后一段所说“尽管努力让孩子们对书籍更感兴趣，孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“大多数家长认为读书对孩子有益”，文章没有提到这个内容，因此可排除D。因此A选项为正确答案。

12.单选题

AgriculturalprogressprovidedthestimulusnecessarytosetoffeconomicexpansioninmedievalFrance.Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.

However,notallthefundsfromtheagriculturalsurpluswereactuallyavailableforcommercialinvestment.Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.AlthoughLouisVIIofFranceleviedalesscrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidEngland’sHenryII,LouisVIIdidspendgreatsumsonanunsuccessfulcrusade,andhisvassals—bothlayandecclesiastic—tookoverspendingwheretheirsovereignstopped.SurplusfundswereclaimedbothbytheChurchandbyfeudallandholders,whereuponcathedralsandcastlesmushroomedthroughoutFrance.

Thesimultaneousprogressofcathedralbuildingand,forinstance,vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests;theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches,butthelatterhadastrongerimmediateimpactupongrossnationalproduct.Moreover,thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.

Sincedemandsontheagriculturalsurpluswouldhavevariedfromyeartoyear,wecannotpreciselycalculatetheirimpactonthecommercialgrowthofmedievalFrance.Butwemustbearthatimpactinmindwhenestimatingtheassetsthatwerelikelytohavebeenavailableforinvestment.Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.Evenwarshandedbackafragmentofwhattheytook,atleasttoafew.Still,wecannotplaceonthesameplaneaprimarilydestructiveactivityandaconstructiveone,norexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermill.Aboveall,medievalFrancehadlittleroomforinvestmentoverandabovethepreservationoflife.Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturalrevenuesinexcessoftheamountneededforsubsistencewereusedbymedievalkingsto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanimportantsourceofrevenueinmedievalFrance?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldhavereducedtheassetsimmediatelyavailableforcommercialinvestmentinmedievalFrance?

I.Renovationofalargecathedral

II.Asharpincreaseinthebirthrate

III.AninvasionofFrancebyHenryII

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmorepeoplecouldentergovernmentandtheChurchinmedievalFrancebecause（

）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwecannotexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermillisthat（

）.

6.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablybaseshiscentralargumentonwhichofthefollowingtheoreticalassumptionsoftenmadebyeconomists?

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatcommercialexpansioninmedievalFrance“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”(lines59-60)primarilyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

8.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingyieldedthelowestdividendtomedievalmenandwomenrelativetoitscost?

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.patronizethearts

B.sponsorpublicrecreation

C.wagewar

D.buildcathedrals

E.fundpubliceducation

问题2选项

A.Cheese

B.Wine

C.Wool

D.Oliveoil

E.Veal

问题3选项

A.IIIonly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

问题4选项

A.thenumberofindividuallandholdingsinheavilyagriculturalareaswasbeginningtoincrease

B.anincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradehadbroughtanincreaseinthepopulationofcities

C.adecreaseinwarfarehadallowedthekingtodecreasethesizeofthearmy

D.foodproducerscouldgrowmorefoodthantheyandtheirfamiliesneededtosurvive

E.landlordswereprosperingandthusweredemandingasmallerpercentageoftenants’annualyields

问题5选项

A.belltowersyieldanintangibledividend

B.belltowersprovidematerialsatisfaction

C.watermillscostmoretobuildthanbelltowers

D.watermillsdivertfundsfromcommerce

E.watermillsmightwellbedestroyedbywar

问题6选项

A.Differentpeopleshouldbetaxedinproportiontothebenefittheycanexpecttoreceivefrompublicactivity.

B.Perfectcompetitionexistsonlyinthecasewherenofarmer,merchant,orlaborercontrolsalargeenoughshareofthetotalma