考研考博-英语-四川文化产业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川文化产业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThisistheChinese______,translatedfromEnglish.

问题1选项

A.publication

B.editor

C.printing

D.version

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项publication“发行，出版物”；B选项editor“（报刊、杂志的）主编”；C选项printing“（书籍的）一次印刷”；D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”。句意：这是英文翻译过来的中文______。根据语境，这里指的是这原来是英文的，被翻译成了中文，D选项version“（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Menandwomenofallagescanbenefitfrom（）amountsofdailyphysicalexercise.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.considerate

C.literate

D.moderate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“绝望的；不顾一切的”；B选项considerate“体贴的；考虑周到的”；C选项literate“精通文学的；受过教育的”；D选项moderate“稳健的；适中的；有节制的”。句意：所有年龄段的男性和女性都可以通过（）的每日体育锻炼受益。根据语境，moderate“适中的；有节制的”搭配physicalexercise“体育锻炼”比较合理。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Acycleridewalkorswimatleastthreetimesaweekwill______yourcirculationandhelpmaintainahealthybloom.

问题1选项

A.boost

B.heighten

C.compel

D.renew

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boost“促进”；B选项heighten“提高”；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项renew“更换；重新开始”。句意：每周至少骑三次自行车，散步或游泳，可以______你的血液循环，帮助保持健康的血液循环。横线处和yourcirculation“你的血液循环”形成动宾关系，只有A选项boost“促进”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemto（）thesituation?

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：simplify“简化，使单纯”;选项B:modify“修改”；选项C：verify“核实，查证”;选项D：rectify“矫正，改正”。rectify是指抽象意义上对于偏离正常轨道的矫正，因此与题意更切合，所以选项D正确。句意：如果你知道问题出在哪里，为什么不帮助他们扭转局面呢?

5.单选题

Inthefaceofunexpecteddifficulties,hedemonstratedatalentforquick,_____action.

问题1选项

A.determining

B.defensive

C.demanding

D.decisive

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。determining（使）下决心,（使）做出决定的；defensive自卫的；demanding苛求的，吃力的；decisive决定性的，果断的,坚定的。句意：面对意想不到的困难，他表现出了随机应变、迅速决断的能力。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.

Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（）.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

问题2选项

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

问题3选项

A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.

B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.

C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.

D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.

问题4选项

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfollyrational

C.havingaclosedmind

D.determinedoncontroversy

问题5选项

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.这不是公正对待这些论点的方法，也不是让它们与她自己的思想真正接触的方法。她必须能够听到那些真正相信这些论点的人的声音，那些真诚地为这些论点辩护的人的声音，那些竭尽全力为这些论点辩护的人的声音。她必须以最似是而非、最具说服力的形式来认识这些问题:她必须感受到对问题的真实看法所必须面对和处理的困难的全部力量;否则，她将永远无法真正掌握真理的那一部分，从而克服并消除那个困难。据此可知作者认为如果一个人只知道自己的观点而不关心对立观点，不倾听对立观点的声音，那么就很难获得真理。”作者用了三个must表明正确的做法是什么，从中我们了解到正确做法就是要熟悉那些你不赞成的观点。故A项正确。

2.判断推理题。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛围中，曾经有，而且可能会再次出现伟大的个人思想家。但是，在那种气氛中，从来没有，也永远不会有一个思想活跃的民族。在那里有一种不成文的惯例，即原则是不容置疑的，对那些可以占据人类的最伟大的问题的讨论被认为是封闭的，我们就不能指望发现使某些历史时期如此非凡的普遍的大规模精神活动。”文艺复兴是属于思想活动的顶峰，必然会讨论原则问题。所以B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所谓受过教育的人处于这种状态;甚至那些能够流利地为自己的观点辩护的人。他们的结论可能是正确的，但也可能他们所知道的一切都是错误的。他们从未把自己置于与他们想法不同的人的心理位置上，也从未考虑过这些人可能会说些什么;所以结果是他们不知道他们自己所信奉的教条的真正的意义。”由此可知A项与之相反，B项与之相符，故B项正确。CD两项文中没有提及。

4.判断推理题。题干问那些持有未经检验的正统信仰的人没有以下哪项特征。A项：为传统所奴役；B项：不怎么理智；C项：头脑闭塞；D项：对辩论是坚决的。一般来说，持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考，更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。故ABC三项都是这种人的特点。

5.判断推理题。A项“一个真正的思想家不犯错误”；B项“对公认观点的驳斥最好由自己的老师来提供。”C项“智力成就的时期是非正统思考的时期”；D项“过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。”由第二段可知历史上思想活动的顶峰时期如文艺复兴时期，各大学派互相辩论，使思想摩擦出火花，使文艺复兴成为文化运动的顶峰。故C项“智力成就的时期是非正统思考的时期”正确。

7.单选题

InMarch1974oneofthemostastonishingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthetwentiethcenturywasunearthedinthecountyofLintong,ShaanxiProvince.Anentirearmyoflife-sizedwarriorsandhorses,buriedformorethan2,200years,begantobeuncovered.Thesereplicashadbeenplacedintrenchesaroundthestill-unexcavatedtombofQinshihuang,theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty(221-207B.C.).Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.Mostwereobviouslyintendedasindividualportraits.

Theheadshapesofthesefiguresandtheexpressionsontheirfaceswere,moreorless,individualized,andsoeachmancouldbeidentifiedastohisplaceofregionalorigin.Thesquare-faced,broad-foreheaded,prominent-cheekbone,heavy-featured,big-mouthedandwide-cheekedonesweremodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi.Theshorter,round-faced,sharp-chinned,andthin-lippedsoldiersweremodeledafterpersonsfromtheprovinceofSichuan.OtherswereclearlyfromGansu,andthereweresomewhoappearedtobemembersofvariousminoritiesinnorthwesternChina.Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.

TothesurpriseofbothChineseandWesternarchaeologists,afewoftheclaysoldiersshowednon-Chinesecharacteristics,possiblybeingpersonsfromasfarawayasArabiaorPersia.ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.

Yetacenturylaterthehistoricalrecorddoesindicatelimitedcontactwithforeigners.ThereisonereportintheannalsoftheEasternHanDynasty(A.D.25-220)ofaRomanjugglerwhoarrivedinChinabywayofBurmainA.D.109,andanotherofthearrivalofanenvoyfromMacedoniaataboutthesametime.AndtheRomanhistorianLuciusAnnaeusFlorusmentionsthecomingofaChineseenvoytoRomeasearlyasthereignofAugustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).

ButextensivecontactsbetweenChinaandtheWestdidn'treallybeginuntilthenorthernSilkRoadwasgraduallydevelopedafter138B.C.Thisoverlandroutestartedatpresent-dayXi'anandpassedthroughthe

WesternCorridorbeyondtheYellowRiver,Xinjiang,Farghana(nowUzbekistan),Persia(Iran)andTajik(Iraq)whereitmetwesternboundaryoftheRomanEmpire.

FormorethanathousandyearsthisnorthernSilkRoadprovidedarouteforcaravansthatbroughttoChinadates,saffronpowderandpistachionutsfromPersia;glassbottlesfromEgypt,andmanyotherexpensiveanddesirablegoodsfromotherpartsoftheworld.Andthecaravanswenthomewiththeircamelsandhorsesloadeddownbyboltsofsilkbrocadeandboxesfilledwithlacquerwareandporcelains.

AnotherSilkRoad,documentedinthegeographysectionoftheHistoryofHanDynastywasasearoutethatbeganattheportsofXuwenandHepuontheReizhouPeninsulainSouthChina(nearwhichthecityofBeihaiisnowlocated),passedthroughtheMalaccaStraitandendedinBurmaortheHuangchiKingdomofsouthernIndia.

MoreChineseporcelainsandsilksreachedEuropebythisroutethanbytheoverlandonebecauseofpiratesandstormsatsea.SubsidiarybranchesofthisSilkRoadoftheSeareachedsuchplacesasKorea,Japan,andthePhilippinestoallowfortheexchangeofvariousgoodsnotreadilyavailableoverthelandroute.Forexample,asearlyasthethirdcenturyA.D.,thePhilippineswereshippinggoldtoChinabythisroute.

1.Eachexcavatedwarriori（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Archaeologistsweresurprisedbytheexoticcharacteristicsoftheclaysolderbecause（）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Inthepassage"SilkRoad"refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.wasgivenauniquefacialexpressionandhairstyle

B.wasmadeofstoneorclay

C.waspaintedwithonecolor

D.wasmodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi

问题2选项

A.Theclaywarriorswereasbigasrealpeople.

B.Solders'longhairwasknottedattherightsideforconvenience.

C.Asolder'sappearancecouldtellwherehewasfrom.

D.Thesoldersrepresentedpeopleofdifferentnationalities.

问题3选项

A.nocontactwithforeignersatthattimewasknowntothem

B.noonehadeverseenforeigners

C.noforeignerscametoChinabefore138B.C.

D.norecordofforeignvisitswasavailable

问题4选项

A.moremerchantswerekilledonthesearoute

B.certaingoodsweretooprecioustobetransportedbyland

C.tradebetweenChinaandsoutheastAsiabroughtmoremoneytothegovernment

D.thesearoutewasadvantageousoverthelandroute

问题5选项

A.alandroutebywhichsilkbrocadewastransportedtotheWest

B.anyroutewhichconnectedChinawithothercountries

C.flowofgoodsfromChinatoothercountries

D.caravansthatdidbusinesswithChinaandothercountries

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.”可知选项B和C错误，根据第三段可知，兵马俑部分人物是模仿陕西中部的当地人，还有部分是模仿四川、甘肃、少数民族的人等，所以选项D也错误。选项A每一个士兵都有自己独特的面部表情和发型，正确。

2.根据一二段的内容可知选项A、C、D均正确，只有选项B错误。根据第二段最后一句“Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.”可知，长头发的士兵在右边扎个结不是为了方便，而是因为秦国人都很尊重这个发型。

3.根据第三段的最后一句“ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.”因为长期以来人们一直认为，在如此古老的时代，没有来自中国以外的人住在那里。选项A符合原文。

4.最后一段主要讲海上丝绸之路相对于陆上丝绸之路来说要更好一些，它可以交换在陆路上不易获得的各种货物，比如黄金。选项D正确。

5.文中的丝绸之路是指任何连接中国和其他国家的线路，选项B正确。选项A丝绸织锦运往西部的陆路，除了丝绸织棉还有瓷器等其他东西，除了陆路还有海路，所以错误；选项C商品从中国流向其他国家，还有其他国家运来中国的，所以错误；选项D是与中国和其他国家做生意的商队，也不正确。

8.单选题

Youmustbeverycareful.Thework（

）precision.

问题1选项

A.retails

B.repels

C.retains

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retail“零售，详述”；B选项repel“击退，抵制”；C选项retain“保持，固定”；D选项entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必须非常小心，这项工作对精确性要求极高。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Drunkendriving—sometimescalledAmerica’ssociallyacceptedformofmurder—hasbecomeanationalepidemic（流行病）.EveryhourofeverydayaboutthreeAmericansonaveragearekilledbydrunkendrivers.

Adrunkendriverisusuallydefinedasonewitha0.10bloodalcoholcontentorroughlythreebeers,glassesofwineorshotsofwhiskydrunkwithintwohours.HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimageandjudgesweretolerantinmostcourts,butthedrunkenslaughterhasrecentlycausedsomanywell-publicizedtragedies,especiallyinvolvingyoungchildren,thatpublicopinionisnolongersotolerant.

Twentystateshaveraisedthelegaldrinkingageto21,reversingatrendinthe1960storeduceitto18.AfterNewJerseylowereditto18,thenumberofpeoplekilledby18—20-year-olddriversmorethandoubled,sothestaterecentlyuppeditbackto21.Reformers,however,fearraisingthedrinkingagewillhavelittleeffectunlessaccomplishedbyeducationalprogramstohelpyoungpeopletodevelop“responsibleattitudes”aboutdrinkingandteachthemtoresistpressuretodrink.

Toughnewlawshaveledtoincreasedarrestsandtestsand,inmanyareasalready,toamarkeddeclineinfatalities.Somestatesarealsopenalizingbarsforservingcustomerstoomanydrinks.Atavern（酒店主）inMassachusettswasfinedforservingsixormoredoublebrandiestoacustomerwhowas“obviouslyintoxicated”andlaterdroveofftheroad,killinganine-year-oldboy.

Asthefatalitiescontinuetooccurdailyineverystate,someAmericansareevenbeginningtospeakwellofthe13yearsofnationalprohibitionofalcoholthatbeganin1919.Theyforgetthatlegalprohibitiondidn’tstopdrinking,butencouragedpoliticalcorruptionandorganizedcrime.Aswiththeboomingdrugtradegenerally,thereisnoeasysolution.

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause（）.

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat（）.

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave（）.

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkers

B.Americansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidents

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicity

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmerica

问题2选项

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalage

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddrivers

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960s

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaised

问题3选项

A.reducedthenumberofconvictions

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidents

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomers

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrink

问题4选项

A.alcoholiseasilyobtained

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrime

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailed

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficient

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause______.1.醉酒驾驶在美国已经成为一个主要问题，因为______。

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkersA.大多数美国人都酗酒

B.AmericansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidentsB.美国人现在对交通事故不那么震惊了

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicityC.事故引起了如此多的关注

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmericaD.在美国，喝酒是一种被社会接受的习惯

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“酗酒曾经是美国人可以接受的一部分（HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimage），在大多数法庭上，法官都很宽容，但最近醉酒车祸造成了如此多广为人知的悲剧，尤其是涉及年幼儿童的悲剧，公众舆论不再那么宽容了（publicopinionisnolongersotolerant）。”，从中可知，在美国，喝酒是一种被社会所接受的习惯，而这种习惯造成了很多悲剧，成为美国的主要问题，所以D项“在美国，喝酒是一种被社会接受的习惯”符合题意，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“大多数美国人都酗酒”，文中只是提起喝酒是美国社会接受的一种习惯，并不代表大多数美国人都酗酒，该项曲解原文；

B项“美国人现在对交通事故不那么震惊了”没有提到，属于无中生有；

C项“事故引起了如此多的关注”，根据解题思路可知，醉酒驾驶造成的悲剧太多，使得公众舆论对这种喝酒的习惯不再宽容，文中并没有提到公众的关注，该项曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat______.2.新泽西州发布的统计数据显示，______。

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalageA.许多司机没有达到法定年龄

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddriversB.年轻人往往不善于开车

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960sC.饮酒水平在20世纪60年代有所上升

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaisedD.法定饮酒年龄应该提高

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词NewJersey定位至第三段第二句“在新泽西州把饮酒年龄降到18岁以后，18-20岁司机的死亡人数增加了一倍多，因此该州最近又把饮酒的年龄提高到21岁”，从新泽西州的统计数据来看，降低饮酒年龄，醉酒驾驶造成的死亡人数还增加了，这说明应该提高法定的饮酒年龄，故D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“许多司机没有达到法定年龄”、B项“年轻人往往不善于开车”在原文没有提到，属于无中生有；

C项“饮酒水平在20世纪60年代有所上升”，文中只提到将法定饮酒年龄提高到21岁扭转了20世纪60年代将法定饮酒年龄降低到18岁的趋势，该项中的levelofdrinking（饮酒水平）在文中并没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave______.3.一些州最近出台的法律______。

A.reducedthenumberofconvictionsA.减少了定罪的人数

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidentsB.使得严重事故的发生更少

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomersC.禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顾客

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrinkD.规定司机可以喝多少酒

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段第一句“严厉的新法律使得被捕人数和接受检查的人数增加，并且许多地区的死亡率显著下降”，从中可知，最近出台的与饮酒相关的法律使得死亡率显著下降，这也就是说这些法律降低了交通事故的发生率，B项“使得严重事故的发生更少”符合这一分析。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“减少了定罪的人数”，根据解题思路可知，严厉的法律使得被捕人数增多了，而不是减少了，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顾客”，根据倒数第二段第二句“一些州还惩罚酒吧为顾客提供过多的酒”可知，法律只是禁止酒吧为顾客提供过量的酒，关于“醉酒的顾客”并没有提到，该项曲解原文；

D项“规定司机可以喝多少酒”没有提到，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause______.4.醉驾问题之所以难以解决，是因为______。

A.alcoholiseasilyobtainedA.酒很容易获得

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrimeB.饮酒与有组织的犯罪有关

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailedC.法律禁止已经失败了

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficientD.仅靠立法是不够的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句“他们忘记了法律禁令并没有让人们停止饮酒，而是鼓励了政治腐败和有组织的犯罪。就像激增的毒品交易一样，没有简单的解决办法。”从中可知，即使有法律禁令，人们还是继续饮酒，并且政治腐败和有组织的犯罪也增加了；所以推断，醉驾问题之所以难以解决，是因为仅靠立法是远远不够的。该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“酒很容易获得”、C项“法律禁止已经失败了”在原文中没有提到，属于无中生有；

B项“饮酒与有组织的犯罪有关”，根据解题思路可知，原文只是提到法律禁令鼓励了有组织的犯罪，但是并没有说明饮酒和有组织的犯罪之间的关系，所以该项并不能推断出来，属于曲解原文。

10.单选题

Somewomen______agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

问题1选项

A.mustmake

B.shouldhavemade

C.wouldmake

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：有些妇女本可以在工作中获得高薪而不是呆在家里，但她们为了家庭而决定不工作。mustdo“必须做某事”；shouldhavedone“过去本应该做某事却未做”；woulddo“过去将会做某事”；couldhavedone“过去本能够做某事却未做”。根据语境，这里指的是过去本可以工作却没有去工作，D选项couldhavemade符合题意。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

问题1选项

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项facilitates“促进，帮助，使容易”；B选项initiates“开始，创始，发起，倡议”；C选项inhibits“抑制，约束”；D选项purifies“净化，使纯净”。根据句意‘暴露于低强度的伽马电磁辐射下可以放缓食物中腐败微生物的生长速度，正如以极为相同的方式，在巴氏灭菌法中，低热会遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐败作用。’C选项正确。

12.单选题

Thedeclineofmarriage:Forricher,forsmarterThetraditionalfamilyisnowthepreserveofaminority.Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves.Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton.Millionsmorehavewallowedinthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriageafterrevelationsthathefatheredasonwithamaid.AndthetumescenttweetsofcongressmanAnthonyWeinerhavestirredupendlessspeculationaboutthehealthofhisownyear-oldmarriageandtheforbearanceofhisnewlypregnantwife.

LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates.DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf(45%)ofallhouseholds.

TheiconicAmericanfamily,withmom,dadandkidsunderoneroof,isfading.Inever,statethenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsaregrowingfasterthanthosecomprisedofmarriedpeoplewithchildren,findsthe2010census.Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%.Andthetrendhasapotentclassdimension.Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent.

Therebarelywasamarriagegapin1960:onlyfourpercentagepointsseparatedtheweddedwaysofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduates(76%versus72%).Thegaphassincewidenedto16percentagepoints,accordingtothePewResearchCentre.ACensusBureauanalysisreleasedthisspringfoundthatbridesaresignificantlymorelikelytohaveacollegedegreethantheywereinthemid-1990s.

“Marriagehasbecomemuchmoreselective,andthat'swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,becomemuchmoreselective,andthat’swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,directoroftheNationalMarriageProjectattheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville.Theprojectfoundthatdivorceratesforcoupleswithcollegedegreesareonlyathirdashighasforthosewithahigh-schooldegree.

Americanswithahigh-schooldegreeorless(whoaccountfor58%ofthepopulation)tellresearcherstheywouldliketomarry,butdonotbelievetheycanaffordit.Instead,theyraisechildrenoutofwedlock.Only6%ofchildrenborntocollege-educatedmotherswerebornoutsidemarriage,accordingtotheNationalMarriageProject.Thatcompareswith44%ofbabiesborntomotherswhoseeducationendedwithhighschool.

"Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty，"reckonsIsabelSawhill,aseniorfellowattheBrookingsInstitution.Sheandotherresearchershavelinkedasmuchashalfoftheincomeinequalityinfamilycomposition:single-parentfamilies(mostlythosewithahigh-schooldegreeorless)aregettingpoorerwhilemarriedcouples(witheducationsanddualincomes)areincreasinglywell-off."Thisisastrikinggapthatisnotwellunderstoodbythepublic."shesays.

DonotexpecttheDemocraticParty,however,tomakeanissueofthemarriagegapinnextyear’selections.UnmarriedwomenvotedoverwhelminglyforBarackObama."Youdon'twanttosuggesttosomeonewhoisn'tmarriedandhaschildrenthattheyshouldbemarried."saysMsSawhill.“Thatisadenigrationoftheirlifestyle."

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTrue?

3.Thedivorceratehascomedownbecause（）.

4.“Lessmarriagemeanslessincomeandmorepoverty”is（）.

5.UnmarriedwomenVotedoverwhelminglyforBarackObamabecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.lessthanhalf(45%)orpeoplepreservethetraditionalmarriage.

B.nearly23mAmericanswassadatthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriage.

C.theiconicAmericanfamilystilldominatesnewspapers,Magazinesandtheairwaves.

D.thenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsgrowby20%.

问题2选项

A.Traditionalmarriageisaluxuryfortheeducatedandrichnow.

B.ThestateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStatesistitillating.

C.Themarriagegapisnarrowednow

D.Girlswithacollegedegreeareeasytogetmarried.

问题3选项

A.therearemoreselectionsinmarriage.

B.marriagecouplesareofhigh-schooldegree.

C.peoplearemorecarefulinmarriageselection.

D.peopleareunwillingtogetmarried.

问题4选项

A.averypopularsaying

B.notwellunderstood

C.wellreceived.

D.researchfinding

问题5选项

A.marriageisalifestyletothem.

B.theywanttogetmarried

C.marriageissorrythem.

D.theycannotaffordmarriagefinancially

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。A:不到一半（45%）的人保留传统婚姻。根据第二段“DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf（45%）ofallhouseholds(人口普查局的数据显示已婚夫妇现在占全部家庭的比例不到一半（45%）,这是首次出现这种情况)”可知A项正确。B:近2300万美国人对阿诺德施瓦辛格的婚姻破裂感到悲伤。根据第一段“Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton(近2300万美国人收看了威廉王子迎娶凯特•米德尔顿（KateMiddleton）的神圣婚礼)”可知B项不正确。C:这个标志性的美国家庭仍然主宰着报纸、杂志和广播。根据第—段“Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves(婚姻、婚姻里的悲欢离合仍然强有力地占据着报纸、杂志的版面和广播电视的节目)”可排除C项。D:未婚夫妇、无子女家庭、单身家庭增长20%。根据第三段“Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%(1950年后者（有孩子的已婚夫妇组成家庭）占全部家庭的43%；现在只占20%)”可排除D项。因此，本题选A。

2.判断推理题。A:传统婚姻对现在的受过教育的富人来说是一种奢侈。根据第三段“Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent(传统婚姻普遍被视为习俗，现在它已经进化为受教育人群和具有经济实力的人群所享有的奢侈品)”可知A项正确。B:整个美国的婚姻现状让人感到兴奋。根据第二段“LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates(美国人自己婚姻的糟糕状况则不那么令人感到兴奋)”可排除B项。C:现在婚姻差距缩小了。第四段指出:大学毕业和高中毕业生的结婚率差距越来越大，如今已经达到16%。因此排除C项。D:拥有大学文凭的女孩