考研考博-英语-国际关系学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-国际关系学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Drivingaracingcaronaspeedway（）ahorseonabridlepath.

问题1选项

A.isinsomewayslikewhenyouareriding

B.isinsomewaysisinthesameclassasriding

C.isinsomewayssimilartowhenyouareriding

D.isinsomewayssimilartoriding

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。此句句意为：在高速公路上驾驶赛车在某些方面就像你在马道上骑马一样。因此D项无论是从句意还是从语法上都正确。句子是把drivingaracingcar比作ridingahorse，因此A项中，whenyouare属于多余部分，A项排除。B项句意不符，C项中，besimilarto后面直接接sth.或doingsth.，故排除。

2.单选题

Theextremely（

）tradeinendangeredspeciesisprovingirresistibletocountriesingravecurrencycrisis.

问题1选项

A.lucrative

B.approximate

C.ambitious

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。lucrative意为“获利多的，赚钱的”；approximate意为“大概的”；ambitious意为“有雄心的”；prospective意为“预期的”。

句意：极其有利可图的濒危物种贸易对于那些面临严重货币危机的国家来说是无法抗拒的。

3.单选题

She（）toeveryonethatalthoughherfatherwasinjailshewasanupstandingcitizen.

问题1选项

A.venerated

B.veered

C.denounced

D.avowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项venerate“崇敬，尊敬”；B选项veer“使转向；使顺风”；C选项denounce“谴责；告发”；D选项avow“承认；公开宣称；坦率承认”。句意：她向所有人公开宣称，尽管她的父亲坐牢，但是她却是一位正直的市民。根据句意，选项D正确。

4.单选题

（

）atinhisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.

问题1选项

A.Looking

B.looked

C.Beinglooked

D.tolook

【答案】B

【解析】句意:该形势在他看来似乎没有如此令人沮丧。

语法题。考查被动语态。由句中主语是situation(形式),这里应该指代该形势被看。因此B项“looked”正确。

5.单选题

Theshipisequippedwithspecialrefrigeratingdevicesto（）foodforthewholevoyage.

问题1选项

A.conserve

B.reserve

C.preserve

D.maintain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conserve表示“保存，储藏”；B选项reserve表示“预定，储备”；C选项preserve表示“保存，保护，维持”；D选项maintain表示“维持，保持”。根据句意“船上装载了特殊的冰箱设备来（

）食物以保证整个航行的需要”可知，conserve更符合句意，因此本题正确答案为A。

6.单选题

Itisimportantthattheyknow______togetfromtheapplicants.

问题1选项

A.theinformationneeded

B.whatisneeded

C.whatinformationtheyneed

D.theinformation

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语和宾语从句。这里把whatinformation提前来引导从句担当主句的宾语，宾语从句的正常语序是theyneedtogetwhatinformationfromtheapplicants；这句话的句意是：他们知道什么信息是他们需要从申请人那里得到的，这很重要。A、B、D选项均不符合语法，因此选C。

7.单选题

Whatisherprognosis?

问题1选项

A.solution

B.symptom

C.problem

D.expectation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prognosis意为“(对病情的)预断，预测，展望”；solution意为“解决”；symptom意为“症状”；problem意为“问题”；expectation意为“预料，预期，期望”。

句意：她的预测是什么？

8.单选题

TheGovernmenthaspromisedtodo______liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthehomeless.

问题1选项

A.what

B.all

C.that

D.which

【答案】A

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：政府承诺尽其所能缓解无家可归者的困难。whatliesinitspower是一个宾语从句，作动词do的宾语，what在从句中做主语。all不能引导宾语从句，排除B选项。that在宾语从句中不能做主语，排除C选项。which引导宾语从句是意为“哪一个”，不符合句意，排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposedhisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappealtobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterthenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,Wewouldnothavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，’’theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessary,prerequisitetoWisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means

（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesViolenceasaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything

B.nothing

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing

D.everything

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing

B.arelookeddownupon

C.arepersecuted

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement

问题4选项

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument

问题5选项

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章最适合的标题是……”。文章提到有些国家的人倾向于用暴力解决问题，这种行为甚至被认为是理所当然的（Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned），接着又提到暴力解决不了问题，只会让问题更尖锐（Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute），因此，选项B“暴力不能解决任何种族纠纷”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的“有记录的历史教会我们……”。文章第一段提到“人类有记载的那些关于暴力的历史完全没有教我们任何东西”（Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing），因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“可以推断真正理智的人……”。文章第二段第一二句提到“真正理智的人会发现自己的方法越来越难以被倾听。他们被自己的同类鄙视，不信任、甚至迫害，因为他们宣扬的是让他人愤怒的事情”（Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement），选项D“在支持执法上遇到困难”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“‘Hewasnonethewiser’意味着……”。文章第三段提到“听了一场冗长的辩论后，法官抱怨说，听了这番话，他还是一窍不通”（Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser），因此选项C“倾听后他什么都没得到”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，消除种族歧视问题的最好办法是……”。文章第二段最后一句话提到“只要我们在法律框架内努力，真正的与长久的解决办法将有可能”（Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw），选项A符合题意。

10.翻译题

PartI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese（25分）

WhenIemphasizethedifferencebetweenlawandmoralsIdosowithreferencetoasingleend,thatoflearningandunderstandingthelaw.Forthatpurposeyoumustdefinitelymasteritsspecificmarks,anditisforthatthatIaskyouforthemomenttoimagineyourselvesindifferenttootherandgreaterthings.

【答案】在我强调法律与道德之区别的时候，我只有一个目的，那就是学习并领会法律。为了这个目的，你们必须明确地掌握法律特定的标识，也为了同样的目的，我请你们暂时想象你们自己并不关心其他更重要的事情。

11.单选题

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（

）oferrorsismorelikelytobeusefulthanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

问题1选项

A.formulation

B.correction

C.detection

D.accumulation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。formulation“规划；配方”；correction“改正”；detection“侦查；探测”；accumulation“积聚，堆积物”。句意：从科学研究上来说，虽然有证据支撑的报告比不可靠的假说更令人满意，但是事实上与发现错误相比确立可能的真理可能更有用。由discreditedhypotheses“名誉扫地的假设”可推断应该是发现不可靠假说的错误，故C项正确。

12.填空题

ThelanguagesofAboriginalAustraliansconstituteanotherunrelatedgroup,anditis________whetherallAustralianlanguagesformasinglefamily.(debate)

【答案】debatable

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据关键词is，可知横线所在内容为表语，应该为形容词，debatable“有争议的”符合语境，指的是是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系这件事存在争议。

【句意】澳大利亚土著居民的语言构成了另一个不相关的群体，是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系，这是有争议的。

13.翻译题

在圣诞节这一天，许多美国人去做礼拜或是走亲访友。他们会吃一顿特别的大餐。在圣诞节这一天，无论美国人走到哪里，他们都会互相祝福“圣诞快乐”。在美国，音乐是庆祝圣诞节的重要方式。美国人喜欢各种各样的圣诞歌曲。

【答案】OnthedayofChristmas,manyAmericansgotochurchorvisittheirrelativesandfriends.Theyalwayshaveaspecialdinner.Onthatday,whereverAmericansgo,theyalwayswisheachotherMerryChristmas.MusicisoftenanimportantwaytocelebrateChristmasintheUnitedStates.AmericansenjoyallkindsofChristmassongs.

14.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

问题2选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

问题3选项

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

问题5选项

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。A:心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在展开研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理学家把这个问题看成是挫折或笑话),原文表达的意思跟A项不一样。B:大脑区别显示出一个性别优于另外一个性别。第一段说:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他们指出尽管有区别，但并不能说明谁优谁劣),与B项不一致。D:两性大脑结构的区别早已为人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(这是第一次发现男性和女性大脑的结构差异…),因此D项排除。所以本题选C。

2.细节题。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我们倾向于认为正是社会的影响造成了这些差异),故选D。

3.细节题。第五段说:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基础上，要解释男女技能的实际差异并不是那么容易)。由此可见,“这些区别”指的是两性技能。

4.推断题。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我们暂时还不知道，部分原因是我们不知道学校受试者的能力和大脑两半的功能之间有什么精确的关系，我们也不知道两半是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.间接地提出对于corpuscallos的影响应多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意题。A项(概述关于大脑结构的研究结果)比较能概括文章目的。

15.单选题

Animportantnewindustry,oilrefining,grewaftertheCivilWar.Crudeoil,orpetroleum——adark,thickooze(渗出物)fromtheearthhadbeenknownforhundredsofyears.Butlittleusehadeverbeenmadeofit.Inthe1850'sSamuelM.Kier,amanufactureinwesternPennsylvania,begancollectingtheoilfromlocalseepageandrefiningitintokerosene.Refining,likesmelting,isaprocessofremovingimpuritiesfromarawmaterial.

Kerosenewasusedtolightlamps.Itwasacheapsubstituteforwhaleoil,whichwasbecominghardertoget.Soontherewasalargedemandforkerosene.Peoplebegantosearchfornewsuppliesofpetroleum.

ThefirstoilwellwasdrilledbyE.L.Drake,aretiredrailroadconductor.In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania,Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit’’Drake’sFolly”.Butwhenhehaddrilleddownabout70feet(21meters)Drakestruckoil.Hiswellbegantoyield20barrelsofcrudeoiladay.

NewsofDrake'ssuccessbroughtoilprospectorstothescene.Bytheearly1860'sthesewildcattersweredrillingfor"blackgold”alloverwesternPennsylvania.TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush.

Crudeoilcouldberefinedintomanyproducts.Forsomeyearskerosenecontinuedtobetheprincipalone.Itwassoldingrocerystoresanddoor-to-door.Inthe1880'sand189(Tsrefinerslearnedhowtomakeotherproductssuchaswaxesandlubricatingoils.Petroleumwasnotthenusedtomakegasolineorheatingoil.

1.Accordingtothepassage,manypeopleinitiallythoughtthatE.L.Drakehadmadeamistake（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"blackgold"?

3.WhydoestheauthormentiontheCaliforniagoldrush?

4.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingaspossibleproductsofcrudeoilEXCEPT（

）.

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.movingtoPennsylvania

B.retiringfromhisjob

C.searchingforoil

D.goingonawhalingexpedition

问题2选项

A.goldore

B.stolenmoney

C.whaleoil

D.crudeoil

问题3选项

A.ToindicatetheextentofUnitedStatesmineralwealth.

B.Toarguethatgoldwasmorevaluablethanoil

C.Todescribethemoodwhenoilwasfirstdiscovered

D.Toexplaintheneedforanincreasedsupplyofgold

问题4选项

A.gasoline

B.kerosene

C.wax

D.plastic

问题5选项

A.OilRefining:AHistoricalPerspective.

B.KeroseneLamps:AlightintheTunnel.

C.TheCaliforniaGoldRush:GetRichQuickly.

D.PrivateProperty:TrespasserswillBeProsecuted.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第三段In1859hebegandrillinginTitusville,Pennsylvania,Thewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalledit”Drake’sFolly'1859年，他开始在宾西法尼亚州的提特斯维尔钻探石油，整个计划看起来既不切实际又愚蠢，旁观者称之为“德雷克的愚蠢”。说明了人们对找油田的时表示怀疑和嘲讽。C选项符合题意。

2.文章第三段第二行很明显指出黑金指的就是石油，D选项正确。

3.根据文章倒数第二段最后一行TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush.这场繁荣在其兴奋和狂野的西部氛围上堪比1848年的加利福尼亚淘金热。它给勘探者带来的财富远远超过淘金热。确定C选项‘描述石油首次被发现时的心情’正确。

4.A,B,C选项文章都有描述，D选项‘塑料’在文中没有涉及，所以答案为D。

5.全文主要论述了石油冶炼的相关事情，包括在加利福尼亚西部钻油等历史。所以A选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Thespeakerwasverygoodat（）hisideasduringthediscussion.

问题1选项

A.puttingaside

B.puttingacross

C.puttingback

D.puttingoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项putaside“撇开，把……放在一边”，例句：Theydecidedtoputasidetheirdifferences.（他们决定搁置双方的分歧。）；B选项putacross“解释清楚，说明”，例句：Doyougivehimafairopportunitytoputacrosshisviews?（你会给他们平等的机会去表达自己的看法吗？）；C选项putback“推迟，妨碍”，例句：Themeetinghasbeenputbacktonextweek.（这次会议已延期到下周了。）；D选项putoff“推迟”，例句：We’vehadtoputoffourweddinguntilSeptember.（我们只得把婚期推迟到九月。）。句意：演讲者很善于在讨论中表达自己的观点。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

17.单选题

Notonly______muchbiggerthananyplanet,butunliketheplanets,itconsistscompletelyofgaseousmaterial.

问题1选项

A.thesunis

B.thesun,whichis

C.isthesun

D.thatthesun

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：太阳不仅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由气体物质组成。根据题目和选项确定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒装，notonly放在句首的倒装结构为notonly+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他，C选项isthesun选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Theworkhas________thestatusofaclassicamongthecomposer’sadmirers.

问题1选项

A.required

B.acquired

C.inquired

D.inspired

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项required“要求”；B选项acquired“获得，取得”；C选项inquired“询问，问明”；D选项inspired“激发，鼓舞”。句意：这个作品在作曲者的追随者中（）经典的地位，作品和追随者心目中的地位是需要获得的，所以B选项acquire最合适。

19.单选题

WheneverIhearaweatherreportdeclaringit’sthehottestJune10onrecordorwhatever,Ican’ttakeittooseriously,because“ever”reallymeans“aslongastherecordsgohack”,whichisonlyasfarasthelate1800s.Scientistshaveotherwaysofmeasuringtemperaturesbeforethat,though—notforindividualdates,buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.Theycanevenusedrawingsofglaciersastherewerehundredsofyearsagocomparedwithtoday.

Andinthemostcomprehensivecompilationofsuchdatatodate,saysanewreportfromtheNationalResearchCouncil,itlooksprettycertainthatthelastfewdecadeshavebeenhotterthananycomparableperiodinthelast400years.That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.

Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann,oftheUniversityofVirginia(he’sthecreatorofthe“hockeystick”graphA1Goreusedin“AnInconvenientTruth”todramatizetheriseincarbondioxideinrecentyears).Mannclaimedthattherecentwarmingwasunprecedentedinthepastthousandyears—thatledCongresstoorderupanassessmentbytheprestigiousResearchCouncil.Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.Butthepast400was—soresoundinglythatitfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm,justasglobalwarmingtheoryhasbeenpredictingforahundredyears.Andifthere’sanydoubtaboutwhethertheseproxymeasurementsarereallylegitimate,theNRCscientistscomparedthemwithactualtemperaturedatafromthemostrecentcentury,whenrealthermometerswereinwidespreaduse.Thematchwasmoreorlessrighton.

InthepastnearlytwodecadessinceTIMEfirstputglobalwarmingonthecover,then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.Indeed,Rep.SherwoodBoehlert,theNewYorkRepublicanwhochairstheHouseScienceCommitteeandwhoaskedforthereportdeclaredthatitdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?

2.Whatis“proxymeasurement”inParagraph1likelytoreferto?

3.WhatdoesthereportfromNRCindicate?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueconcerningthecontroversyaboutglobalwarming?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarmingtheory?

问题1选项

A.Thethreatofglobalwarming.

B.Themeasurementofsolvingglobalwarming.

C.Thetendencyofearth’sbecominghotter.

D.Theassessmentofearth’stemperature.

问题2选项

A.Takingadvantageofpreviouspictures.

B.Usingcluesleftfromthepast.

C.Studyingthecharacteristicsofglaciers.

D.Measuringthegrowthsignsofaquaticorganism.

问题3选项

A.Theearthreachesthehighesttemperatureinthehistory.

B.Theproxymeasurementsarereliable.

C.Theearthwillbecomewarmer.

D.ItissomewhatsuspiciousofMichaelMann’sassertion.

问题4选项

A.Thosesuspiciousofglobalwarmingtakeaninconsistentstanceontheissue.

B.Theargumentendsinthedefeatofglobal-warming-doubters.

C.ThenewreportfromNRCismotivatedbythecontroversyoverMichaelMann’sclaim.

D.Thosewhodoubtglobalwarmingconsiderthatwarmingisanaturalphenomenon.

问题5选项

A.Favorable.

B.Neutral.

C.Negative.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出天气预报中说气温打破最高记录，第二段提出地球变暖的观点，第三段讲述NRC得出气温达到近400年来最高，第四段讲大众和科学家对此的争论，全文都在谈论地球气温越来越高，C选项“全球变暖的趋势”正确。A选项“全球变暖的威胁”：文中没有提到。B选项“解决全球变暖的方法”和D选项“地球温度的评估”：只是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义推测题。proxymeasurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根据第一段第二句buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.（但他们可以通过珊瑚的生长标记、海洋和湖泊的沉积物以及冰川核等替代性考核来推测出年平均温度。），可知这里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上随时间推移遗留下来的痕迹，B选项“使用过去留下的线索”正确，A选项“利用记录以前情况的照片”，C选项“研究冰川的特征”和D选项“测量水生生物的生长迹象”只是其中一方面的具体内容，不足以概括总体方法。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第三句Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.（他们的结论是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但数据支持不够有力。），可知NRC部分同意MichaelMann的观点，同时又有所怀疑，D选项“对迈克尔•曼的主张有些怀疑”正确。A选项“地球的温度达到了史上最高”：根据第三段第四句itfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm（完全支持如今的温度不正常的观点），可知没有提到地球的温度达到了史上最高。B选项“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C选项“地球会变暖”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句itdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.（它不支持关于全球变暖科学的争论——反对者坚持认为这一争论仍然存在。），可知这份新报告没有偏向任何一方，争论仍然存在，B选项“这场争论以全球变暖怀疑论者落败而告终”不符合文章内容，为正确答案。根据第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”——现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知对于全球变暖的这个话题的观点一直在变化，A选项“对全球变暖的不赞同态度前后矛盾”符合文章内容。根据第三段第一句Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann（这份报告是由弗吉尼亚大学的气候学家MichaelMann去年提出的关于过去气候变化的质疑引发的。），可知对MichaelMann观点的质疑促使NRC做这份报告，C选项“对MichaelMann断言的争议让NRC做这份新报告”符合文章内容。根据第二段第二句That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.（对于那些声称目前的暖期只是平均气温自然变化的一部分的人来说，这是一个打击——全球变暖怀疑论者经常这样断言。），可知不赞同全球变暖的人认为地球平均气温变化是自然的，D选项“那些不赞同全球变暖的人认为变暖是一种自然现象”符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】观点态度题。根据第四段第一句then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural,”to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”——现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知作者不认同地球变暖是自然现象的观点，赞同地球变暖的理论，A选项“赞同”正确；B选项“中立”，C选项“否定”和D选项“漠不关心”错误。因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram,onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey'lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”SaysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardCannerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia'sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPai