考研考博-英语-大理护理职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大理护理职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itisafactthattheoldsuperstitiousbeliefsstill______overthepeople’smindinsomecountries.

问题1选项

A.grip

B.hover

C.holdsways

D.control

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项grip“紧握，夹紧”，B项hover“盘旋，翱翔，徘徊”，C项holdsways“支配，统治”，D项control“控制”。根据句子意思“这是一个事实，旧的迷信仍然……一些国家的人们的头脑”可知，空格处填入C项最符合语境。句意：这是事实，在一些国家，旧的迷信仍然支配着人们的思想。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Thisbookisexpectedto____thebest-sellerlists.

问题1选项

A.promote

B.prevail

C.dominate

D.exemplify

【答案】C

【解析】

【选项释义】

A.promote促进；推动B.prevail普遍存在；盛行；流行

C.dominate支配；控制；左右；影响D.exemplify是……的典型（或典范、榜样）

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：这本书有望……畅销书排行榜。根据句意，这本书应该是能够在排行榜上居榜首，因此选C选项dominate“支配；控制；左右；影响”支配榜首可引申为在排行榜上占主导地位的意思，符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】这本书有望在畅销书排行榜上占据主导地位。

3.单选题

TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.

问题1选项

A.approachable

B.thoughtful

C.functional

D.helpful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“乐器的，有帮助的，仪器的”；A项approachable“亲切友善的，易理解的，可接近的”，B项thoughtful“深思的，体贴的，关切的”，C项functional“功能的”，D项helpful“有帮助的，有益的”。句意：汤姆和雷切尔雷巴赫的朋友在他们的生活中一直很有帮助。根据句意可知，instrumental在句中表示“有帮助的”，D项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择D项正确。

4.单选题

Audiobooksofferreaderstheoptionoflisteningtoabookthathasbeennarratedandrecordedontoacassetteorcompactdisc.

问题1选项

A.retold

B.released

C.related

D.recalled

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.retold（通常以不同的方式）复述，重新讲述B.released释放，放出

C.related叙述，讲述，讲（故事）D.recalled记起，回忆起

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】narrated的意思为“讲（故事），叙述”，指的是把书中的内容叙述一遍，related与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】有声书为读者提供了一种选择，他们可以在磁带或光盘上听以讲述方式呈现的书。

5.单选题

Theuseofsoundiswidespreadas（

）ofanimalcommunicateon.

问题1选项

A.ameans

B.ways

C.atool

D.signals

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。ameans方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向；atool工具；signal信号，标志。句意：声音被广泛地用作动物交流的手段。由is单数可直接排除B项与D项；声音应该是动物交流的一种手段而不是工具。答案A

6.单选题

Thesalesmanapproachedthehousecautiouslywhenhesawthedogatthedoor.

问题1选项

A.carefully

B.deliberately

C.nervously

D.bravely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。cautiously“小心地；谨慎地”；A选项carefully“小心地”；B选项deliberately“故意地”；C选项nervously“神经质地；焦急地”；D选项bravely“勇敢地；无畏地”。句意：推销员看到门口的狗，小心翼翼地走近房子。根据句中“whenhesawthedogatthedoor在看见门口的狗后”可知cautiously在这里的意思应为“小心地”，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargeandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatstructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What”andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinbornandaresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnection.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,braindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepsychologists’attitudetowardstheissuethatwomen’smindsaredifferentfrommen’s?

3.“Thesedifferences”inParagraph5referstothosein______.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggestsmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.mental

D.social

问题2选项

A.Theyusedtoconsidertheissueuninterestingandnotworthresearching.

B.Theyfindthatthedifferenceisattributedtotheinfluenceofthesociety.

C.Theyhavealreadygivenupfindingouttherealcauseofthedifference.

D.Theystudytheissuefromaperspectivedifferentfromthatofthebiologists.

问题3选项

A.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

B.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

C.theperformanceonschoolsubjects

D.theskillsofmenandwomen

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen

C.thefunctioningofpartsofthebrain

D.theeffectsofthetrunkline10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题5选项

A.Toproposenewfieldsinbrainresearch.

B.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariouscausesofstructuraldifferencesinbrain.

D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweengenderandbrainstructure.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，大脑的差异是由……因素造成的”。第三段提到Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?（我们倾向于认为是社会的影响造成了这些差异。但我们可能错了吗？），联系后文并没有否定这个认为，因此D项“社会”符合题意；A项“生理”、B项“心理”和C项“精神”在文中都没有明确提到是其因素。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“以下哪一个最好地描述了心理学家对女性的思想不同于男性这一问题的态度？”。根据第一段中的Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（女性的思维方式与男性不同。至少，大多数人是这么认为的。心理学家认为，这个主题要么是一件令人沮丧的事情，要么就是一个笑话）可推断，心理学家对于男女思维方式不同这个话题的态度是他们已经不在乎造成这个差异的真正原因了，C项“他们已经放弃了找出差异的真正原因”正确；A项“他们过去认为这个问题无趣，不值得研究”文章未提及；B项“他们发现这种差异是由于社会的影响”不是心理学家的观点；D项“他们从不同于生物学家的角度研究这个问题”与原文意思相反。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第五段中的‘这些差异’指的是这些在……上的差异”。根据题干定位到文章第五段，倒数第二句提到Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.（在世界各地的学校里，女孩往往比男孩在“语言科目”上表现更好，而男孩在数学和物理方面表现更好），接着就提到了Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.（如果这些差异与半球主干道上的差异相一致，那么两性之间就存在着不可改变的区别），可知，thesedifference指的就是女性和男性在学业表现上的差异，C项“学业课程的表现”正确；A项“由大脑进行的活动”、B项“男人和女人的大脑结构”和D项“男人和女人的技能”在该段都未提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在最后一段中，作者建议在……上做更多的工作”。根据最后一段Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（我们一时半会儿还不知道，部分原因是我们不知道学校科目的能力与大脑两个半球的运作之间的任何精确关系，我们也不知道这两个半球是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异一定有影响，因为这种差异存在于涉及智力的大脑部位，我们应该寻找智力处理方面的差异。）可以推知，在最后一段，作者建议研究大脑的运作，C项“大脑各部分的运作”符合题意；A项“大脑的整体结构”和B项“男人和女人之间的差异”表述不正确；D项“大脑干线的作用”只是其中一部分。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要目的是什么？”。文章开头提出男女大脑结构存在差异，接着进一步指明差异在于大脑半球的连接，且差异是由于社会的影响造成的；但目前对于男女技能差异和大脑结构的差异之间的关系没有任何确切的认知，也不知道大脑两半球是如何相互作用的；最后文章指出Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（但这种显著的差异一定有影响，因为这种差异存在于涉及智力的大脑部位，我们应该寻找智力处理方面的差异），因此我们可以推断，文章的目的是提出大脑研究的方向，A项“提出大脑研究的新领域”符合题意；B项“概述关于大脑结构的研究成果”、C项“讨论造成大脑结构差异的各种原因”和D项“解释性别和大脑结构的关系”都只是文章的一部分内容，而不是目的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

8.单选题

Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.Mostofusthinkweareverywonderful.Wecancheatatalittleandstillkeepthat“goodparson”identity.

Ariely,whoisoneofthemostcreativesocialscientistsontheplanet,hadoneblindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetakerides.Thedriverscheatedthesightedcolleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,eventhoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatingablindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandardeconomicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcallthegoodpersonconstructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.Inthisconstruct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer―partofadailybattleagainstevil.

Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.Peoplewholivebythegoodpersonconstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeirselfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplusesandminusesandkeeptheiroverallrecordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:thegoodpersonisn’tshootingforperfectionandmorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet100percent.It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.

Obviously,though,there’sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjectivemeasureofyourdiet.Butyoucan’tbuyascaleofvirustoputonthebathroomfloor.Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseIamawonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoneyanyway.

Thekeyjobinthegoodpersonconstructistomanageyourrationalizationsandself-deceptionstokeepthemfromgettingconspicuous.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoralstandardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortableyou’reyourownrationalizations.

I’daddthatyoureallyshouldn’tshootforgoodness,whichissovague.We’remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourownmoralperformance,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswegoaboutdoingourgoodpersonmoraleducations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgoodenough?

1.TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?

2.Westerntraditionalculturemaintainedthathumannatureis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,goodpersonconstruct

（

）.

4.Theword“leniently”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.AbitofdeceptioninvitesnoHarm.

B.Weareunlikelytobetrulyhonest.

C.Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.

D.Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.

问题2选项

A.inherentlygood

B.subjecttoexteriorinfluence

C.geneticallydetermined

D.originallyevil

问题3选项

A.isdesirableforitsmoralimplications

B.contributetotheresistancetoinnersin

C.ismorelikelytoencouragedishonesty

D.caneaseconflictsbetweenvirtuesandselfishness

问题4选项

A.honestly

B.falsely

C.tolerantly

D.subjectively

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.（几乎人人都会欺骗他人，虽然通常只是一点点。这也是DnanelAriely的新书《不诚实的事实》中的主题之一）可知B选项“我们不太可能真正诚实”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.（在过去的几个世纪里，大多数西方人都会认定自己从根本上是堕落的罪人）可知选D，西方传统文化认为人性本恶。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.（成为一个欠佳的人，但总体上是一个好人就足够了）可推测在goodpersonconstruct结构下人们对自己的要求降低了，以及本文主要讲的是关于诚实的话题，那么人们也就不那么诚实了，因此选C。

4.词义题。honestly意为“诚实地”；falsely意为“虚伪地，不实地”；tolerantly意为“宽容地，包容地”；subjectively意为“主观地”。由Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.（鉴于我们在合理化和自欺欺人方面令人敬畏的能力，我们大多数人都会……衡量自己）可知我们会用欺骗的手段合理化自己行为，因此排除A、D选项；由leniently后面句中的Iamawonderfulperson可知我们给自己的定位是好人，可排除B选项，因此选C。

9.单选题

Contestantswhodonot（）theregulationswillbedisqualified.

问题1选项

A.cooperatewith

B.complywith

C.approve

D.submitto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cooperatewith“合作，协作”；B选项complywith“遵从，依照”；C选项approve“赞成”；D选项submitto“屈服，顺从”。句意：不遵守规定的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。本句表示遵守比赛规定。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

InAustria,wherefertilefarmlandislimited,crops（）.

问题1选项

A.areonthesidesofmountainsoftengrown

B.oftenareonthesidesofmountainsgrown

C.aregrownonthesidesoftenofmountains

D.areoftengrownonthesidesofmountains

【答案】D

【解析】考查句型结构辨析。often作为副词修饰动词，因此可排除B选项、D选项。onthesidesofmountains，介词短语充当状语，应当放在句尾，所以排除A选项。句意：在奥地利，肥沃的农田有限，农作物通常种植在山的两侧。因此答案为D选项。

11.单选题

ThefirstnavigationallightsintheNewWorldwereprobablylanternshungatharborentrances.ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor.Paidforandmaintainedby“lightdues”leviedonships,theoriginalbeaconwasblownupin1776.Bythentherewereonlyadozenorsotruelighthousesinthecolony.Littleoveracenturylater,therewere700lighthouses.

ThefirstlighterectedontheWestCoastinthe1850sfeaturedthesamebasicNewEnglanddesign:aCapeCoddwellingwiththetowerrisingfromthecenterorstandingcloseby.InNewEnglandandelsewhere,though,lighthousesreflectedavarietyofarchitecturalstyles.SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule.Someweremadeofstoneandbrick,othersofwoodormetal.Somestoodonpilingsorstilts;somewerefastenedtorockwithironrods.Farthersouth,fromMarylandthroughtheFloridaKeys,thecoastwaslowandsandy.Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry.

Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn).Theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon:akeeperand,usuallythekeeper’sfamily.Thekeeper’sessentialtaskwastrimmingthelanternwickinordertomaintainasteady,brightflame.Theearliestkeeperscamefromeverywalkoflife--theywereseamen,farmers,mechanics,roughmillhands—andappointmentswereoftenhandedoutbylocalcustomscommissionersaspoliticalplums.Aftertheadministrationoflighthouseswastakenoverin1852bytheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard,anagencyoftheTreasuryDepartment,thekeepercorpsgraduallybecamehighlyprofessional.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.WhydoestheauthormentiontheMassachusettsBayColony?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatlighthousesintheNortheastdidnotneedhightowersbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,wherecanthetallestbricklighthouseintheUnitedStatesbefound?

5.Inthesecondsentenceofparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdoestheword“They”referto?

问题1选项

A.TheLighthouseonLittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheLifeofaLighthouseKeeper

C.EarlyLighthousesintheUnitedStates

D.TheModernProfessionofLighthouse-Keeping

问题2选项

A.ItwastheheadquartersoftheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard.

B.Manyofthetallestlighthouseswerebuiltthere.

C.Thefirstlanternwicksweredevelopedthere.

D.ThefirstlighthouseinNorthAmericawasbuiltthere.

问题3选项

A.shiptherehadhighmasts

B.coastalwatersweresafe

C.thecoastwasstraightandunobstructed

D.thelighthousewerebuiltonhighplaces

问题4选项

A.LittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheFloridaKeys

C.CapeHatteras

D.CapeCod

问题5选项

A.Lighthouses

B.Differences

C.Quarters

D.Feature

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“以下哪个最适合做文章的标题？”。文章主要介绍了新世界早期的灯塔建设、特点还有发展，所以选项C“美国早期的灯塔”符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么作者要提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一个灯塔是马萨诸塞湾殖民地1716年在波士顿港湾的入口小布鲁斯特岛建造的”（ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor），由此可知，选项D“北美第一个灯塔是在那里建立的”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可知东北部的灯塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于东北部的大多数灯塔都是修建在岩石高地上，所以那里一般没有很大的高塔”（SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule），因此选项D符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知美国最高的用砖头修建的灯塔在哪里？”文章第二段提到“在那里需要修建高的灯塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡罗莱纳州哈特拉斯角处的宏伟灯塔那样的大型建筑。高190英尺，是这个国家最高的用砖头修建的灯塔”（Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry），因此选项C符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段第二句话中的‘they’指什么？”文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管在外表和结构上大部分美国灯塔有几个共同特征：有灯、生活住所和一个钟表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn)）；第三段第二句话提到“它们还有别的共同点”（theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon），从这里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Walkingthroughmytrainyesterday,staggeringfrommyseattothebuffetandback,IcountedfivepeoplereadingHarryPotternovels.Notchildren-thesewererealgrown-upsreadingchildren’sbooks.

Maybethatwouldhavebeenunderstandable.Ifthesepeoplehadjumpedwhole-heartedlyintoasecondchildhooditwouldhavemademoresense.Buttheywerecard-carryinggrown-upswithlaptopsandspreadsheetsreturningfromsalesmeetingsandseminars.Yettheychosetoreadachildren’sbook.

Idon’timagineyou’llfindthisheadcountexceptional.YoucannolongergetontheLondonTubeandnotseeaHarryPotterbook.Norisitjustthefilm;thesethrowbackreaderswereoutthereindroveslongbeforethemoviecampaignopened.

SowhoaretheseadultreaderswhohavemadeJ.K.Rowlingthesecond-biggestfemaleearnerinBritain(afterMadonna)AsIhavetrampedalongstreetsknee-deepinHarryPotterpaperbacks,I’vementallyslottedthemintothreegroups.

FirstcometheNever-Readers,whomHarryhasenticedintoopeningabook.Isthisabadthingprobablynot.Writinghasmanyadvantagesoverfilm,butitcannevercompetewithitsmagneticpunch.Ifthesebookscanre-establishthenovelasathrillingexperienceforsomepeople,thenthiscanonlybeforthebetter.Ifittakesobsession-levelhypetolurethemintoabookshop,that’sfinebyme.Butwilltheygoontoreadanythingelseagain,wecanonlyhope.

ThesecondgrouparetheOccasionalReaders.Thesepeopleclaimthattiredness,workandchildrenallowthemtoreadonlyafewbooksayear.Yetnow—tobepartofthecrowd,tosaythey’vereadit—theyputHarryPotterontheiroh-so-selectreadinglist.It’sinfuriating,andmaddening.Yes,I’mawritermyself,currentlywritingdifficult,unreadable,hopefullyunsettlingnovels,buttherearesomanyothergoodbooksoutthere,somuchrewarding,enlightening,enlargingworksoffictionforadults;andyetthesesadcasesaresweptalongbythehype,thefaddism,intoreadingachildren’sbook.

ThethirdgrouparetheRegularReaders,forwhomHarryissandwichedbetweenMcEwanandBalzac,RothandDickens.Thisistherealbaffler—whatonearthdotheygetoutofreadingit?Whybother?Butiftheycallrattlethroughitinaweekjusttosaythey’vebeenthere—likegoingtoLongleatortheEiffelTower—theworstthey’redoingisencouragingothers.

1.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Theauthorbelievesthatmanyadultsread（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theNever-Readers（）.

4.TheOccasionalReadersarereferredtoassadcasesbecause（）.

5.What’sthebadeffectofthewaytheRegularReadersreadHarryPatter?

6.ThemainculpritforthismadnessaboutHarryPotterismostprobably（）.

问题1选项

A.TheworldwidepopularityofHarryPotter.

B.AdultsbenefitingfromreadingHarryPotter.

C.TheoriginofHarryPotterasachildren’sbook.

D.ReflectionsonHarryPotter’spopularityamongadults.

问题2选项

A.tofollowsuit

B.toenjoyasecondchildhood

C.tokilltime

D.toshareHarry’sadventure

问题3选项

A.willtakeupreadingastheirlifelonghobby

B.havegotmorefromthebookthanfromthefilm

C.maybarelygetinterestedinotherbooksthanHarryPotter

D.canhardlybedrivenbythecrowdstoreadanybook

问题4选项

A.they’retoobusytoenjoyregularreading

B.they’resufferingfromtheheavyworkload

C.theyhaveahardtimeselectingwhattoread

D.theirreadingtasteisaffectedbyfashion

问题5选项

A.Itwillpromotetoomanyvisitstotheplacesthebookmentions.

B.Itwilldiscouragepeoplefromreadingrealmasterpieces.

C.Itwillfosterreadingaspartofafast-foodculture.

D.Itwillcauseaconfusionoffaddismwithclassics.

问题6选项

A.JKRowing

B.thepublisher

C.themediahype

D.itsthrillingstories

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。从整篇文章读下来，前四段是作者在火车上发现有成年人在读《哈利•波特》的现象以及作者的所想，后三段作者将阅读《哈利•波特》的成年人群分为三组，分析《哈利•波特》受欢迎的原因，由此可知D选项“《哈利•波特》受成年人欢迎的反思”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。定位到文章第五段中的Ifittakesobsession-levelhypetolurethemintoabookshop,that’sfinebyme.（如果这需要痴迷程度的宣传来吸引他们进入书店，对我来说没问题）可知A选项“为了跟风”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。定位到文章第五段中的Butwilltheygoontoreadanythingelseagain,wecanonlyhope.（但我们只能希望，他们还会继续读别的书吗?）可知C选项“除了《哈利•波特》，对其他书籍几乎没有兴趣”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段中的Thesepeopleclaimthattiredness,workandchildrenallowthemtoreadonlyafewbooksayear.Yetnow—tobepartofthecrowd,tosaythey’vereadit—theyputHarryPotterontheiroh-so-selectreadinglist.（这些人声称疲劳，工作和孩子使他们一年只能读几本书，然而现在，作为人群中的一员，说他们已经读过它了，他们把《哈利•波特》列入了他们的“超精选”阅读清单）可知D选项“他们的阅读品味受到时尚的影响”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。定位到文章第七段ThethirdgrouparetheRegularReaders,forwhomHarryissandwichedbetweenMcEwan(英国当代作家)andBalzac,Roth(德国现代诗人)andDickens可了解到文化的混乱，因此D选项正确。

6.事实细节题。定位到文章第六段andyetthesesadcasesaresweptalongbythehype,thefaddism,intoreadingachildren’sbook.（然而，这些令人悲伤的案例却被大肆宣传和时尚潮流席卷，变成了儿童读物）表明媒体炒作使得《哈利•波特》的宣传十分到位且疯狂，因此选项C正确。

13.单选题

Somepracticalis（）desirableforcandidatesinterestedinapplyingforthisjob.

问题1选项

A.exploit

B.adventure

C.initiative

D.experience

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意：对于有兴趣申请这份工作的候选人来说，一些实用

是可取的。exploit功绩，功勋；adventure冒险；initiative主动权，首创精神；experience经验。因此，D项符合句意。

14.单选题

Canwereacha（

）onthisissue?Let’stakeavote.

问题1选项

A.conscience

B.consciousness

C.consequence

D.consensus

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Reachaconsensus“达成共识”。句意：我们能在这个问题上达成共识吗？我们来投票吧。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

_____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.

问题1选项

A.Otherthingsbeingequal

B.Wereotherthingsequal

C.Tobeequaltootherthings

D.Otherthingstobeequal

【答案】A

【解析】考查独立主格。句意：在其他条件相同的情况下,善于表达自己的人比不善言辞的人能更快的获得成功。选项A为分词独立主格结构,在本句中起条件状语的作用。选项B为虚拟语气条件句,但后面的句子为陈述语气，所以选项B错误；选项C为动词的不定式短语,可以做目的状语,但不能做条件状语；选项D结构错误。所以本题选A。

16.单选题

（）Irealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.

问题1选项

A.Evenif

B.Had

C.Aslongas

D.If

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。evenif“即使”；had在这里是表示动词时态的助词；aslongas“只要”；if“（表示条件）如果”。句意：如果我意识到了后果，我绝对不会让自己卷进来。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits.”Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan(清教徒)traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.

TomakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.

TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialofthecrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.

Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmersletalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoimmigratedinthelate1630s:leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbymypeople.”OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.

Meanwhile,manysettlershadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearne