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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津国土资源和房屋职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared(

)bytheformermilitaryruler.

问题1选项

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。void意为“无效的,空的”;vulgar意为“庸俗的,粗俗的,粗野的”;surplus意为“过剩的”;extravagant意为“奢侈的,挥霍的,过分的”。

句意:最初的选举被先前军事统治统治者宣布无效。

2.单选题

Hewillbeconsideredtohavenothinglessthanfullacquaintancewiththenatureofthethingandtoshareintheknowledgeofit.

问题1选项

A.limitationt

B.remarkt

C.ownershipt

D.understanding

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。acquaintance表示“了解,相识”;A项limitation“限制”,B项remark“注意,言辞”,C项ownership“所有权,物主身份”,D项understanding“理解”。句意:他将被认为完全了解事物的性质,并分享对它的知识。根据句意可知,该题选择D项正确。

3.问答题

Humanbeingsarepayingalotformedicineandarenotgettingallthat(A)theythinktheyare(B)paying(C)aguaranteeto(D)endlessbetterment.

【答案】试题答案:C;payingfor

【解析】考查固定搭配。payfor(为……而付出,因……而付出)中的pay为不及物动词,for表示原因。

4.单选题

ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespeare’stimeisestimatedtohavebeenaboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.

ItisvirtuallyimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguage.ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.

ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedissemination(传播)ofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.

26.Thereareabout260millionpeoplewhocanspeak__________.

27.Accordingtothispassage,theEnglishlanguagemightbeused

__________.

28.Theauthorseemstobewondering__________.

29.“thesecountries”(Para.3)mostprobablyrefersto__________.

30.Acommonlanguageisnecessaryforsomemulti-lingualcountries__________.

问题1选项

A.Englishinitsregionalvariety

B.Englishinitsstandardvariety

C.Englishasasecondlanguage

D.Englishasaworkinglanguage

问题2选项

A.foronlyonereasonthatEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguage

B.mainlybypeoplefromtheAmericancontinentandtheEuropeancontinent

C.asanofficiallanguageinaninternationalconferenceontheAmericanculture

D.inscienceandtechnologyaswellasinculturalandhistoricalstudiesofallcountries

问题3选项

A.whatmakesupone’sadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish

B.whyEnglishcanservesomanyneedsofvariouspeople

C.howtorelatethetechnologicalproblemsinairportcommunications

D.whenEnglishbecamesowidelyused

问题4选项

A.thedevelopingcountrieswhichusedtobecolonies

B.theformerBritishcolonieswhichnowaredeveloping

C.thecolonizedcountrieswhichbecomeasstrongasBritain

D.thedevelopingcountrieswhicharestillcolonizedbyBritain

问题5选项

A.forbothinternalandinternationalcommunications

B.foraccesstothedevelopmentinothercountries

C.forhigherefficiencyofthegovernmentandbetterlifeofthepublic

D.forwidercommunicationsamongcolonialnations

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】26.事实细节题。定位到第一段第二三句,Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage…“今天,据估计大约有2.6亿人把英语作为母语使用,主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰。除了在这些地区发现的标准英语变体外,还有许多地区和社会的英语变体”,由此可知答案选B选项“标准英语”。

A选项“具有地域多样性的英语”,见正确选项,由此可知这里错误,属于反向干扰。

C选项“英语作为第二语言”,文章没有提及属于无中生有,所以不选。

D选项“作为工作语言的英语”,文章没有提及属于无中生有,所以不选。

27.事实细节题。定位到第三段第二句话Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.“除了满足以英语为母语的人无穷无尽的需求外,在科学、技术和其他领域,一些最重要的著作也是用英语写成的,而且这些著作并不总是由以英语为母语的人写成的”,从这里可知D选项“(被用)在科学和技术以及所有国家的文化和历史研究中”正确;

A选项“英语成为国际语言只有一个原因”,定位到第二段最后一句ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“学习英语的目的和学习英语的环境是如此不同,很难定义,更难以评估什么构成了每一种情况下的充分的工作知识。”从这里可知人们学习英语的目的不同,也就导致英语成为国际语言的原因是多种因素综合起来的,所以A选项错误,这里属于以偏概全;

B选项“主要是来自美洲大陆和欧洲大陆的人”,定位到第一段第二句话mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.“主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰”从这里可知B选项错误,非洲大陆也有很多国家讲英语,这里属于以偏概全;

C选项“作为美国文化国际会议的官方语言”,定位到第三段第三句Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedisseminationofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.“它被广泛用于气象和机场通信、国际会议以及通过许多国家的无线电和电视网络传播信息等目的”,从这里可以看出不止是美国,很多国家在开国际会议时都用的是英语,这里属于以偏概全。

28.主旨大意题。关注首末两段中心句,第一段中心句是第二句thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.“这种语言有许多地区和社会变体,在口语和书面形式中也有不同程度的用法”,这是文章的中心句,这段说明英语的广泛使用;第三段中心句是ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage“对英语的广泛需求的主要原因是它作为一种世界语言在当今的重要性”,这段讲的是为什么很多人会学英语的原因。结合两者可知作者主要是弄清楚B选项“为什么英语能满足不同人的需求”。

A选项“是什么构成了一个人足够的英语工作知识”,作者已经在第二段最后一句说明了itisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“定义每种情况下的充分工作知识是困难的,更困难的是评估”,所以这里不能选,属于反向干扰。

C选项“如何联系机场通讯中的技术问题”,文章没有提及属于无中生有。

D选项“当英语变得如此广泛使用时”,见正确选项,文章的主要内容是为什么英语被广泛使用的原因,不是时间,这里属于反向干扰。

29.事实细节题,定位到第三段倒数第二句Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.从这里可以看出“这些国家”指的是以前被英国殖民过的发展中国家,B选项“现在正在发展的前英国殖民地”是其同义替代选项,所以答案选B选项;

A选项“曾经是殖民地的发展中国家”,见正确选项,以前是殖民地但不一定是英国的殖民地,属于偷换概念。

C选项“成为和英国一样强大的殖民地国家”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

D选项“仍然被英国殖民的发展中国家”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

30.事实细节题。定位到第三段最后一句话Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.“这些国家中有许多人口使用多种语言,在政府、商业、工业、法律和教育等方面的内部交流以及国际交流和了解西方的科学和技术发展都需要一种语言。”从这里可以知道答案选A选项“用于国内和国际交流”。

B选项“为了和其他国家的发展接轨”文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

C选项“为了更高的效率和更好的公众生活”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

D选项“殖民国家之间更广泛的交流”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

5.单选题

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

1.Whydoestheauthorsay"thereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan"?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthedifferencebetweenproductslabeled"madeinChina"andthoselabeled"madebyChina'?

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecompetitivenessofJapan'sproducts?

4.Theword“subsidiaries”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto().

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.China'stradestructureisstilllaggingbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.

B.China'sexportgoodsarenotascompetitiveasJapan's.

C.WithoutforeignhelpandadvancedtechnologyChinacannotproducemostofitsproducts.

D.Chinaisstillfacedwiththeproblemsofbackwardtradestructure,low-techandlabor-intensiveproducts.

问题2选项

A.Productslabeled"madeinChina"arehigh-techproductswhilethelatterarenot.

B.WhetherChinaisthemanufactureroftheoriginalpartofproductsandsellsthoseproductswithChinesebrandnames.

C.WhetherChinesecompaniesaresubsidiariesofforeigncompanies.

D.WhetherChinesecompaniesaredependentonforeignpartners.

问题3选项

A.Japandoesn'texportlower-endproducts.

B.Japanisthe'factoryoftheworld".

C.Japan'smajorexportitemsarehigh-techproductsandcompetitiveinbusinessmanagement.

D.Japandoesn'tputstressonprocessinggoods.

问题4选项

A.furnishingaids

B.asumofmoney

C.assistants

D.affiliates

问题5选项

A.Chinaisn'taDevelopedCountry.

B.So-called'MadeinChina'Label.

C.JapanWon'tFear'MadeinChina'Label.

D.ChinaWillReplaceJapanastheFactoryofWorld.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段,“Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexports…Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.”,可知二三段总结了中国工业发展的问题,包括劳动密集型产品占比重过高,中国出口仍高度集中于低端产品。可推断出中国仍然面临贸易结构落后、科技含量低、劳动密集型产品等问题。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段,“ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.”,可知“中国制造”的商品含有大量海外零部件,其中一些是日本制造的,这反映出中国对加工贸易的重视。根据文章第四段,“Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".”,可知产品的研发不在中国。可推断出中国制造和中国创造的区别在于中国是否是原装产品的生产商,并销售那些有中国品牌的产品。选项B符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第三段,“Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.”,可知日本生产高清和高端机型。根据文章第六段,“Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.”,可知中国严重依赖外国合作伙伴,以至于尚未开发出自己的尖端技术和国际知名品牌。可推断出日本的主要出口产品是高科技产品,在企业管理方面具有竞争优势。选项C符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第五段,“…approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.”,可知中国大约一半的出口产品是由外国公司的子公司生产的,必须向这些子公司支付股息、利息、特许权使用费和其他费用。可知subsidiaries意思为子公司。选项D符合题意。

5.主旨题。文章第一段提出中国很快取代日本成为“世界工厂”的观点,接下里讨论了中国工业发展过程中面临的问题,最终得出结论中国成为高端科技的工业国还需要更多的时间和努力,所以目前中国可能还不是日本的竞争对手和威胁因素。可推断出日本无惧“中国制造”是符合整个文章意思的。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Today’scollegestudentsaremorenarcissistic(自恋的)andself-centeredthantheirpredecessors,accordingtoacomprehensivenewstudybyfivepsychologistswhoworrythatthetrendcouldbeharmfultopersonalrelationshipsandAmericansociety.

“Weneedtostopendlesslyrepeating‘You’respecial’andhavingchildrenrepeatthatback,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,ProfessorJeanTwengeofSanDiegoStateUniversity.“Kidsareself-centeredenoughalready.”“Unfortunately,narcissismcanalsohaveverynegativeconsequencesforsociety,includingthebreakdownofcloserelationshipswithothers,”hesaid.Thestudyassertsthatnarcissists“aremorelikelytohaveromanticrelationshipsthatareshort-lived,atriskforinfidelity,lackemotionalwarmth,andtoexhibitgame-playing,dishonesty,andover-controllingandviolentbehaviors”.Twenge,theauthorof“GenerationMe:WhyToday’sYoungAmericansAreMoreConfident,

Assertive,Entitled—andMoreMiserableThanEverBefore”,saidnarcissiststendtolackempathy,reactaggressivelytocriticismandfavorself-promotionoverhelpingothers.

Someanalystshavecommendedtoday’syoungpeopleforincreasedcommitmenttovolunteerwork.ButTwengeviewedeventhisphenomenonskeptically,notingthatmanyhighschoolsrequirecommunityserviceandmanyyouthsfeelpressuretolistsuchendeavorsoncollegeapplications.

Campbellsaidthenarcissismupsurgeseemedsopronounced(非常明显的)thathewasunsureiftherewereobviousremedies.“Permissivenessseemstobeacomponent,”hesaid.“Apotentialantidotewouldbemoreauthoritativeparenting.Lessindulgencemightbecalledfor.”

Yetstudents,whileacknowledgingsomelegitimacytosuchfindings,don’tnecessarilyacceptnegativegeneralizationsabouttheirgeneration.

HanadyKader,aUniversityofWashingtonsenior,saidsheworkedunpaidlastsummerhelpingresettlerefugeesandconsidersmanyofherpeerstobecivic-minded.Butsheisdismayed(气馁,灰心)bythecompetitivenessofsomestudentswhoseemprematurelyfocusedoncareerstatus.“We’re

encouragedalottobeindividualsandgooutthereanddowhatyouwant,andnobodyshouldstandinyourway,”Kadersaid.“Icanseegoalsandambitionsgettinginthewayofotherthingslikerelationships.”

KariDalane,aUniversityofVermontsophomore,saysmostofhercontemporariesarepoliticallyactiveandnotoverlyself-centered.“Peopleareworriedaboutthemselves—butinthesenseofwherethey’regoingtofindaplaceintheworld,”shesaid.“Peoplewanttolooktheirbest,haveagoodtime,butitdoesn’tmeanthey’renotconcernedabouttherestoftheworld.”

Besides,someoftheresponsesonthenarcissismtestmightnotbeworrisome,Dalanesaid,“Itwouldbemoredepressingifpeopleanswered,‘No,I’mnotspecial’.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,anarcissisticpersonmay().

2.Theitalicizedword“commended”(Line1,Para.3)means().

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Itisimpliedthat().

5.Itispropertobe()whenyouhearsomeonesay“I’mspecial”.

问题1选项

A.hatecriticism

B.bedishonesttohis/herpartner

C.beunwillingtohelpothers

D.alltheabove

问题2选项

A.praised

B.criticized

C.recommended

D.disfavored

问题3选项

A.Narcissismmayresultinbadconsequences.

B.Collegestudentsareactivetoparticipateinvolunteerwork.

C.Somepeopledoubtwhetherthereareremediestocounterthenarcissismupsurge.

D.Somecollegestudentsareoverlyengagedinself-promotion.

问题4选项

A.boththeresearchersandcollegestudentsareworriedaboutthetrendofnarcissism

B.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonthefindingsofthestudy

C.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonsomeofthefindingsofthestudy

D.collegestudentsarepessimisticabouttheirfuture

问题5选项

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.optimistic

D.worried

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题干关键词narcissistic定位到原文第二段第四句,原文指出at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth,and to exhibitor game-playing,dishonesty是选项C,B,A的同义表达。

2.语义题。第三段第一行句中,研究人员commended的是increased commitment to volunteer work(年轻人参加志愿活动的责任心增加),所以应该是肯定的态度。句后But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically(Twenge对此现象持否定怀疑态度)更加断定,commended为肯定,选项A与之对应。

3.细节判断题。根据原文第四段首句unsure if there were obvious remedie可知不明确的是是否有明显的治疗法,而不是没有治疗法,而且之后文章举了一些治疗法的例子。

4.细节判断题。关键词collegestudents体现到文章第五段acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation,因此研究者和学生只是部分意见不符。

5.态度题。文章最后一句说到It would be more depressing if people answered, ‘No, I’m not special’(如果有人回答,不,我不特别,这可能更让人沮丧),由此判断,当听人说I’m not special,应该持积极乐观的态度。

7.问答题

Iwasfinallyabletoconvincehimofitsvalue.(Ifinallysucceeded)

【答案】Ifinallysucceededinconvincinghimofitsvalue.

8.单选题

Bethworkedhardto()inwiththelocalsduringhervisit.

问题1选项

A.encounter

B.blend

C.merge

D.adapt

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意:贝丝在她的访问期间努力地()当地人中。

encounter遭遇,邂逅,遇到;blend混合,协调,融入;merge合并,使合并,吞,没;adapt适应,改变。

选项Bblendinwith为固定搭配,表示“融入,融合”,符合句意。

9.单选题

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor(1)toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful(2)ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem(3)theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand(4)ofmosthighways,the(5)oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily(6)forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation(7)arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate(8)inmanyways,forthe(9)ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest(10)ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda(11),suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable(12),butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices(13),sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis(14)toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof(15)infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by(16)taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso(17)theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto(18)andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs(19)certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto(20)betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

问题1选项

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

问题2选项

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

问题3选项

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

问题4选项

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

问题5选项

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

问题6选项

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

问题7选项

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

问题8选项

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

问题9选项

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

问题10选项

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

问题11选项

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

问题12选项

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

问题13选项

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

问题14选项

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

问题15选项

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

问题16选项

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

问题17选项

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

问题18选项

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

问题19选项

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

问题20选项

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查逻辑关系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大镜”;horror“恐怖”;economy“经济”。文章开头第一句就讲到消费者与生产者会对经济产生影响,由此可以推出文章接下来要讲另一个影响因素,只有D符合题意。

2.考查词汇辨析。elevation”海拨,提高”;emotion“情感、情绪”;election“选举”;powerfuleffect“强大的影响力”,选项C符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏离、分叉”;clamp“夹住”。邮政系统属于服务行业,故选择B“服务”。

4.考查名词词义辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃烧、氧化”;commence“开始,着手”;maintenance“维修;维护”高速公路除了建设,还需要对其进行保养,才保证正常使用。选项D符合题意。

5.考查名词词义辨析。commonplace“老生常谈、司空见惯的事”;conductivity“导电性”;consequence“结果,后果”。高速公路建设与保养问题,涉及一个归属与责任权的问题,句中提到individualstates(各个州)。由此可知选B(责任)符合题意。

6.考查动词词义辨析。console“安慰”;compact“压缩、压紧”;bracket“把...归入同一类”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment(公共教育系统大多数的资金由联邦政府提供)。由此可知,接下来继续谈论费用的承担问题。选项C(支付)符合题意。

7.考查固定搭配。boycott“联合抵制”;budget“预算”;charter”宪章、特许状”;

service“局、部”。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation

Services(警察局、消防部门、卫生局)。故选择A。

8.考查名词词义辨析。banquet“宴会”;boom“兴旺,繁荣”;arena“舞台”;enterprise“企业”。文章是讲政府在经济中发挥的作用,推动经济的发展很大程度上取决于企业的发展,句中business:此处理解为企业。选项D符合题意。

9.考查名词词义辨析。assertion“断言、声明”;asset“资产,财产”;assumption“假定,假设”。政府实施对企业的管理是为了达到某一目的,故选择B(目的,企图)。

10.考查名词词义辨析。admiration”钦佩,赞赏”;adoption“采用,收养”;accuracy“精确度,准确性”。政府指导企业的发展,让企业在盈利的同时,也需要满足全社会的利益,故选择B(利益)。

11.考查名词词义辨析。acceptance“接受”;abolition”废除,废止”;morality“道德,品行”。企业为了个人利益难免会垄断某个行业,Regulationisnecessaryinareas:政府在某些行业采取调控是有必要的。故得知选择A(垄断)。

12.考查名词词义辨析。proximity“接近,邻近”;blend“混合”;breast“胸怀,乳房”。

企业要生存就必须盈利,故选择D(利润)。

13.考查副词词义辨析。fairly“公平地”;friendly“友好的”;unnecessarily“不必要地”。企业为了赚得更多的利润,会打价格战,会恶意提高价格,故选择B(不公平地)。

14.考查动词词义辨析。broaden“扩大,变宽”;bankrupt“破产”;exemplify”例证,例示”。control此处理解为调控,而这一行为是需要实施,故选择A(运用,执行)。

15.考查名词词义辨析。faculty“科,系”;quantity“量,数量”;fragment“碎片,片段”。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood:食品药品管理局禁止生产有害药品,提出食品加工的质量标准,由此可知选择C(质量)。

16.考查动词词义辨析。applaud“赞同,鼓掌”;assess“评定,估计”;ascend“上升,攀登”。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...:调控经济过热和过度衰退,抑制通货膨胀。要解决这些问题需要采用一些经济手段,如:调整税率,货币发行量(themoneysupply),故选择D(调整)。

17.考查名词词义辨析。accommodate“适应,调解”;adhere“坚持”;affirm“肯定,断言”。运用经济手段(调整税率、货币发行量),会对经济产生一定影响,故选择A(影响)。

18.考查名词词义辨析。beverage“饮料”;bondage“束缚,奴役”;botany“植物学”。individual:个人,政府要保证个体利益也需要照顾全局,由此可以得知选择B(企业)。

19.考查动词词义辨析。Perplex“困惑,为难”;perturb“扰乱”;plunder”抢夺,抢劫”。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;为了企业的更好的发展,可以允许减免某些企业的税收,故选择B(允许)。

20.考查动词词义辨析。compensate“补偿、赔偿”;confront“面对,遭遇”;console“安慰,慰藉”。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods(美国产品、外国产品),可得知国内产品与外国产品为了争得市场,必然存在竞争,故选D(竞争)。

10.单选题

TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday.Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisabsenceofrestraintsisreflectedaswellintheverytermsinwhichtheserightsandprivilegesaredescribed.Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”(drawinguponthelanguageoftheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates)isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”.

Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffromtheconstraintsofthecommunity.Itevencanassumethattheselfhas,intrinsictoitorsomehowavailabletoit,independentofanysocialguidance,intimationsofwhatitisandwhatitwants.

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