考研考博-英语-天津轻工职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津轻工职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

He（

）interruptedmebyaskingirrelevantquestions.

问题1选项

A.continually

B.continuously

C.consistently

D.consequently

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他问了我一些无关紧要的问题，打断我的话。

副词辨析。continually不停地,持续地;continuously连续不断地;一贯地;consequently因此,所以。故A符合句意。

2.单选题

Ican’tworkwithyou（）allthetime.Goaway.

问题1选项

A.steppingonmytoes

B.breathingdownmyneck

C.standinginthegap

D.comingintoyourown

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项steppingonmytoes的原型是steponone’stoes，意思是“触怒某人”；B选项breathingdownmyneck的原型是breathedownone’sneck，意思是“紧跟着，紧盯着”；C选项standinthegap“挺身阻挡；首当其冲”；D选项comingintoyourown的原型是comeintoone’sown，意思是“进入繁盛期；得到自己该得的东西”。句意：你一直，我不能工作。走开。根据句意可知，“我”想让对方走开，那么很有可能是因为对方一直在监视自己，所以B选项正确。

3.单选题

Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps（

）aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofone’sowncultureaswell.

问题1选项

A.coach

B.forsake

C.foster

D.censor

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。foster“培养，促进”；coach“训练，指导”；forsake意为“遗弃，抛弃”;censor意为“审查，检查”。句意：最重要的是，这样的经历能促使人们对其他文化的感受性，并使他们更欣赏自己的文化。选项C符合题意。

4.写作题

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【参考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

5.单选题

Outdoorrecreationplaysalargeroleinnationallife.Norwegiansprizesolitudeandself-reliance,andmanypeoplechoosetowalkorskiorcampalone.

问题1选项

A.richness

B.aloneness

C.openness

D.fairness

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.richness丰富，富饶B.aloneness孤独感

C.openness诚实，率真D.fairness公正性，公平合理性

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】solitude的意思为“独处，独居”，这里指的是挪威人崇尚独处，aloneness与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】户外娱乐在国民生活中起着很大的作用。挪威人崇尚独处和自力更生，许多人选择独自散步、滑雪或露营。

6.单选题

Mostforeigntouristsdon’tfindluxurioushotelsveryattractive.Theyprefertheirholidaystobeexotic.

问题1选项

A.inexpensive

B.economical

C.plain

D.unusual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inexpensive“便宜的”；B选项economical“经济的”；C选项plain“朴素的”；D选项unusual“不同寻常的”。句意：大多数外国游客不觉得豪华旅馆有吸引力。他们喜欢有异国情调的假期。划线部分exotic是异国情调的意思。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

AspecialmemorialservicewillbeheldintheCathedraltothe（

）500thanniversaryofitsconstruction.

问题1选项

A.note

B.illustrate

C.mark

D.remember

【答案】C

【解析】句意:为纪念大教堂建造500周年，一场特殊的纪念仪式将在里面被举行。

考查动词辨析。Note注意,留意,指出;illustrate(用示例、图画等)说明,解释,表明…真实;mark做记号,做标记,留下痕迹;remember回想起,记得,记起。分析题干可知此处表示“几年500周年”,故选C。

8.单选题

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”Connerlysaid.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate.”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenonprofitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat________.

问题1选项

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented

B.minorityapplicantsshouldbegivenfavorableconsiderations

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

找句内线索

根据题干定位到第一段最后一句We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram…onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.（我们谈论……只适用于少数族裔的招生、奖学金等项目，或在这些方面录取标准的不同。），可知批评人士认为针对少数族裔，录取标准应当不同，C选项“录取少数种族学生的标准应该不同”正确。

排除干扰项

A选项“不应执行基于种族考虑的录取政策”：他们认为少数族裔的录取标准应该不同，参考了种族因素，属于反向干扰。

B选项“少数民族申请人应当优先考虑”：录取标准不同不等于优先考虑，属于过度推断。

D选项“名牌大学应该因为他们的歧视性政策而受到惩罚”：根据第一段第一、二句theSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.（最高法院周一的裁决支持多元化学生群体的目标。高等教育领袖们对这一决定表示了极大的欢迎，称这再次肯定了名牌大学所采用的政策。），可知名牌大学没有歧视行为，属于反向干扰。

9.单选题

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast£80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover£116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe£11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay£26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

问题1选项

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof£80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

问题2选项

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

问题3选项

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

问题4选项

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

问题5选项

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段。A选项“特易购是所有零售商中最坚决捍卫自己声誉的。”推测其他的零售商勾结，并没有体现出捍卫自身的声誉，可排除。B选项“事实已经证明，特易购与阿斯达、怀斯曼、乳品佳洁士和奶酪公司串通操纵乳品价格。”理解错误，特易购要证明自己并没有与其他零售商勾结。C选项“特易购正尽力证明自己在丑闻中的清白。”由题干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million”中文翻译：特易购正准备打一场法律战，以澄清自己卷入这起导致消费者损失2.7亿英镑的奶制品价格操纵丑闻的名声。符合题意，因此C选项正确。D选项“由于特易购对反竞争行为的快速反应，特易购获得了8000万英镑的宽大处理。”理解错误，如果Tesco不能证明自己的清白，将面临8000万英镑的罚款。D选项可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干，A选项“Retailchains”（零售连锁店），文中所说的零售商只是将奶制品的价格提供给公司，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“Famers”（农民），文中所说的不确定农民是否得到了钱。C选项“Dairycompanies”（乳制品公司），文中所说乳制品公司操纵了的价格，符合题意，C选项正确。D选项“Politicians”（政治家），文中所说，财政部获得了补偿，因此，也可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

3.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”，中文翻译为：特易购对此不以为然，并表示正准备为自己的行为进行强有力的辩护。A选项“自信的”，特易购正准备为自己的行为进行辩护，可推测他对行为很自信。A选项最符合词义。B选项“生气的”，文中没有体现特易购生气，可排除。C选项“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“挑战性的”，不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat

thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻译为：莫里森支持OFT对其接管的前Safeway业务的调查，但在一份声明中表示，莫里森仍在为OFT进行“强有力的辩护”。LactalisMcLelland的发言人表示，该公司正在与OFT“合作”。业内人士暗示，这三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的调查。判断出C选项“业内人士暗示，莫里森是在试图以不合作的方式拖延OFT的调查”正确。A选项“在处理OFT时，莫里森是最具防御性的”，这里并没有体现莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B选项“莫里森不愿支持对前西夫韦公司的调查”，文中所说，莫里森支持对前Safeway公司的调查，因此，B选项错误。D选项“莫里森公司确实拒绝承认与丑闻有关”，文中并没有提及，可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。

5.观点态度题。通读全文，A选项“objective”（客观的），文中作者对Tesco的态度比较客观，符合题意，A选项正确；B选项“biased”（有偏见的），文中并没有体现作者对于Tesco的偏见，可排除；C选项“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合题意，可排除；D选项“optimistic”（积极的），不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。

10.单选题

Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

问题1选项

A.very

B.too

C.so

D.enough

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：开车越小心就越好。B选项cannottoo加形容词“越……越好”，其余选项非固定搭配且不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Ringingchurchbellssetsup________intheAlpinevalleys.

问题1选项

A.resonance

B.forests

C.churchbuilding

D.priests

【答案】A

【解析】resonance共鸣,反响;priests牧师,神父。句意：教堂的钟声在阿尔卑斯山谷中回荡。选项A正确。

12.单选题

He’sdonestupidthingsbefore,buttolookfortheescapinggaswithamatchreallywasthe（

）silliness.

问题1选项

A.ultimate

B.unanimous

C.triumphant

D.trivial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ultimate意为“最好（或坏、伟大、重要等）的，最后的”；unanimous意为“全体一致的”；triumphant意为“成功的”；trivial意为“琐碎的，无价值的”。

句意：他以前做过愚蠢的事，但用火柴去寻找什么地方煤气漏气实在是最傻的事了。

13.单选题

There（

）nootherChineseinthetown,hewascalledbyallthepeopletheresimplyas“theChinese”.

问题1选项

A.having

B.being

C.havingbeen

D.been

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。逗号后面的句子完整，因此空格处只能用非谓语动词，此处是therebe句型，因此选项B符合题意。句意：镇上没有其他中国人，所有人都叫他“中国人”。

14.翻译题

Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.(1).Theofficialcasefor“academicmob-ility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialpro-gressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope，butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.

Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,theirsimul-taneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.(2).Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues:onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery，oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines，andthatonewasnotquitealone，confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years，theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.(3)Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane，makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible，andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughta-bouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.(4).Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandre-quirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearning，andafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.

(5).Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines，particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnum-berofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkinsomei-solationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.

【答案】1.现在经常称“学术流动”是世界经济和社会进步的必备基础，这在欧洲引发了广泛议论，但显然，这已不是什么新的事物了。

2.学习的目的在于分享——不管是与学生分享，还是和同事分享。有人认为只有偏执狂才对由惊人的发现或新技术带来的荣誉感没有任何兴趣。

3.当然，使这一切成为可能的工具是飞机，它让远隔重洋的学者们迅速取得联系变得可行，并且为知识的快速传播提供了条件。

4.有一些纯粹是数量上的，无需多言：更多的学习中心，以及比以前更多的学者和学生。

5.另外，人们必须承认，学科门类迅速增加，特别是在科学领域，通过拓宽整个高级研究的领域，从而产生了大量专注于某一特定领域的专家学者。

15.不定项选择题

Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividualperson.Itisconcernedwithdescribingandexplaininglanguageasamatterofhumanbehavior.Peoplespeakandwrite;theyalsoevidentlyreadandunderstandwhattheyhear.Theyarenotborndoingso;theyhavetoacquiretheseskills.Noteverybodyseemstodevelopthemtothesamedegree.Peoplemaysufferaccidentsordiseases,whichimpairtheirperformance.Languageisthusseenaspartofhumanpsychology,aparticularsortofbehavior,thebehaviorwhichhasasitsprincipalfunctionthatofcommunication.

Thetroublewiththeterm“behavior”isthatitisoftentakentoreferonlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.Yetpartoflanguagebehavior—thatofunderstandingspokenorwrittenlanguage,forexample—haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns.Itistruewecansometimesinferthatunderstandinghastakenplacebythechangesthattakeplaceintheotherperson’sbehavior.Whensomeonehasbeenprohibitedfromdoingsomething,wemayinferthathehasunderstoodtheprohibitionbyobservingthatthereafterheneverbehavesinthatway.Wecannot,ofcourse,beabsolutelysurethathissubsequentbehaviorisaresultofhisunderstanding;itmightbeduetoalossofinterestorinclination.Sobehaviormustbetakentoincludeunobservableactivity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.

Onceweadmitthatthestudyoflanguagebehaviorinvolvesdescribingandexplainingtheunobservable,thesituationbecomesmuchmorecomplicated,becausewehavetopostulatesomesetofprocesses,someinternalmechanism,whichoperateswhenwespeakandunderstand.Wehavetopostulatesomethingwecancallamind.Thestudyoflanguagefromthispointofviewcanthenbeseenasastudyofthespecificproperties,processesandstatesofthemindwhoseofoutwardwardmanifestationsareobservablebehavior;whatwehavetoknowinordertoperformlinguistically.

Thisapproachtolanguage,asaphenomenonoftheindividual,isthusprincipallyconcernedwithexplaininghowweacquirelanguage.anditsrelationlogeneralhumancognitivesystems,andwiththepsychologicalmechanismsunderlyingthecomprehensionandproductionofspeech;muchlesswiththeproblemofwhatlanguageisfor,thatis,itsfunctionascommunication,sincethisnecessarilyinvolvesmorethanasingleindividual.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Whatdoestheterm“behavior”inthesecondparagraphespeciallyrefertointhispassage?

4.Whatdoes“internalmechanism”(Line3,Para3)mean?

5.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.LanguageasMeansofCommunication

B.LanguageandPsychology

C.LanguageandtheIndividual

D.LanguageasaSocialPhenomenon

问题2选项

A.Languageisoftenregardaspartofhumanpsychology.

B.Peopledeveloplanguageskillsofdifferentdegreesasaresultofdifferentpersonalexperiences.

C.Languageisaspecialkindofpsychologicalbehaviorthatisbornwithanindividual.

D.Peoplelearntospeakandwritethroughimitationandtraining.

问题3选项

A.Itreferstoobservableandphysicalmovementsandacts.

B.Itreferstothepartoflanguagebehaviorthatinvolvesunderstandingorinterpretation.

C.Itreferstoboththeovertandtheunobservablelanguagebehaviorsincommunicating.

D.Itreferstoactsofspeakingandwriting.

问题4选项

A.Secretmachine.

B.Mentalprocesses.

C.Oversystem.

D.Mechanicoperation.

问题5选项

A.Itsindividualisticapproachtolanguageismeanttostudythepsychologicalprocessesoflanguageacquisition.

B.Theindividualisticapproachtolanguageismainlyconcernedwithhowlanguagefunctionsinsociety.

C.Thestudyoflanguageissuretoinvolvemorethanasingleindividual.

D.Psychologicalapproachtolanguageisconcernedwiththecomprehensionandproductionofspeech.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividualperson.（首先，我们可以把语言看作是个体的一种现象。）C选项“语言与个人”，通读全文可知，文章主要写“语言和个体”，由此可知C选项符合题意。A选项“语言是交流的手段”，B选项“语言和心理”，在文章第一段最后一句有提及，但不是文章的主要内容，D选项“语言是一种社会现象”，也可排除。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。A选项“语言常被认为是人类心理的一部分”。A选项在文章第一段最后一句有所提及，“语言被看作是人类心理的一部分”，故A选项排除。B选项“由于个人经历的不同，人们语言技能的发展程度也不同”。B选项在第一段第五、六句有所提及，并不是每个人都能达到同样的程度。人们可能会遭遇事故或疾病，从而影响他们的表现。故B选项排除。C选项“语言是个体与生俱来的一种特殊的心理行为”，C选项在文章没有提及。D选项“人们通过模仿和训练来学习说和写”，D选项在第一段第三句可推理出来，人们不会天生获得这种技能，由此可推测是后天的学习来进行说和写，可排除D选项。因此C选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“behavior”可定位到原文第二段Thetroublewiththeterm“behavior”isthatitisoftentakentoreferonlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.Yetpartoflanguagebehavior—thatofunderstandingspokenorwrittenlanguage,forexample—haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns…Sobehaviormustbetakentoincludeunobservableactivity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.（“行为”一词的问题在于，它常常被认为仅仅是指或多或少明显的、可描述的身体运动和行为。然而，语言行为的一部分——例如理解口语或书面语言——很少或根本没有物理上可观察到的迹象……所以行为必须包括不可观察的活动，通常只能从其他可观察的行为中推断出来）可知文章中所提到的“behavior”特别指的是明显的、可描述的身体运动和不可观察的语言活动，即C选项“交际行为是指交际中显性的和不可见的语言行为”正确；A选项“它指的是可观察到的物理运动和行为”，B选项“它是指语言行为中涉及理解或解释的部分”太过片面；D选项“它指的是说和写的行为”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“internalmechanism”可定位到原文第三段becausewehavetopostulatesomesetofprocesses,someinternalmechanism.（因为我们必须假设一些过程，一些内部机制）。B选项“心理历程”正确。A选项“保密机器”；C选项“超过系统”；D选项“机器操作”，A、C、D都可排除。因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。A选项“其个人主义的语言研究方法旨在研究语言习得的心理过程”，文章说的是，主要与解释我们如何习得语言有关，而不是心理过程，选项A可排除。B选项“个人主义语言观主要关注语言在社会中的作用”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“学习语言肯定不是一个人的事”，文章最后一段提到，语言作为交流的功能，因为这必然涉及到不只一个人，因此可知C选项正确。D选项“语言心理学研究涉及到对言语的理解和产生”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Whythisotherwiseexcellentnewspaperallowssuchanarticletobeprintedis（

）.

问题1选项

A.aboveme

B.beyondme

C.besideme

D.liptome

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。above“在…之上”；beyond“超过”；beside“在……旁边”；up“在…上方”。句意：我实在无法理解，这份本来很出色的报纸怎么会允许这篇文章被发表出来。beyondsb.超出某人能理解的范围。答案B

17.单选题

Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly（）familiarity

withtechnology.

问题1选项

A.inquestof

B.bymeansof

C.intermsof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不能仅从熟悉技术的角度来解释年轻人对立体音响的喜爱。

考查短语辨析。inquestof为了寻求…；bymeansof借助…手段；intermsof根据…；从……方面来说：byvirtueof凭借…的力量，由于。因此C项符合句意。

18.单选题

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onland,whereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.

问题1选项

A.scarce;common

B.accessible;marginal

C.unidentified;subsidized

D.plentiful;profitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。先看第一个空白处的选项，scarce“缺乏的，罕见的”；accessible“可到达的，可接近的，易懂的”，这个词的用法比较灵活；unidentified“不能辨认的，无法识别的”；plentiful“大量的，充足的”，根据题目前面部分中的关键词still和整个句意‘由于海底发现的许多矿物在陆地上仍然大量存在，且陆地上开采又相对廉价，因此，对海底开采还有待于变成一种有