考研考博-英语-安徽农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka（

）viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

问题1选项

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。lenient宽大的，仁慈的；divergent有分歧的；dim暗淡的，昏暗的；cautious小心的，谨慎的。句意：让所有人出乎意料的是，裁判员对这次犯规采取了宽容的态度，一点也没有惩罚参赛选手。由didnotpunishtheplayeratall可知裁判采取了宽容的态度。A项正确。答案A

2.单选题

It’shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemisamess.Foreignnationalshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforgingpassports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackerswerehearonexpiredvisas.That’sbeenasafebetuntilnow.TheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS)lackstheresources,andapparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2millionforeignerswhohaveintentionallyoverstayedtheirwelcome.

Butthislaxnesstowardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congresshasalreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedinthewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requiredtheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder.

Butwhat’sreallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimedattighteningupbordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforarollbackofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohirehundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepillegalimmigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncethey’rehere.ReformersalsowanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholdersactuallyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.

Alltheseproposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybillthatpassedtheHouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies,universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they’vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhavepassedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedtobereintroducedandtopassnextyear.

Alsoontheagendafornextyearaproposal,backedbysomeinfluentiallaw-makers,tosplittheINSintotwoagencies-asgoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctionslikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrateonborderinspectionsdeportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonforthedivision,supportersay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks.

1.Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof（

）.

2.WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.Governmentagenciesto

（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept,11,alienswithexpiredvisas（

）.

4.ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS

（

）.

5.BeforeSept，11，theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeigners

B.theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeople

C.theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpoints

D.thelowefficiencyoftheimmigrationandNaturalizationService

问题2选项

A.Refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas.

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborder

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapers

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S

问题3选项

A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttrouble

B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagents

C.mightstayonforaslongastheywished

D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportation

问题4选项

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctions

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminately

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurity

D.hasignoredthepicasofthetwopowerfullobbies

问题5选项

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplabor

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmen

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurity

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcement

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句提到“但是自911事件以来，很明显的是恐怖分子们狡猾地利用了美国移民系统的弱点来实施他们的计划”（ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans），选项D“移民规划服务的低效率”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句提到“更容易将黑名单上的恐怖分子挡在国境之外”（whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder），选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到“合法到美国的游客经常超过其合法停留时间而不受处罚”（andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished），因此选项C“能一直待下去”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章最后一段最后两句话提到“支持者认为造成这种分歧的一个原因是移民规划局近来过于关注游客和移民服务。911事件后，移民管理局应该为数百万依赖美国边境安全的普通美国人服务”（Onereasonforthedivision,supportersay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks）。选项C“以国家安全为代价来过分重视它的服务功能”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章第四段第二句提到“在911事件之前，这类法案被两个强大的游说团体阻扰：一个是依赖外国留学生缴纳学费的各大高校，一个是依赖廉价劳动力的工商界，而留学生和劳动力都有可能因此而被拒绝入境”（BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies,universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor），选项A“可能组织留学生和外国廉价劳动力”符合题意。

3.单选题

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

问题1选项

A.complaint

B.claim

C.reservation

D.lodging

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complaint“抱怨，控诉”；B选项claim“宣称，声称”；C选项reservation“预约，预订”；D选项lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根据thehotelwascompletelyfilled（酒店客满了）可知C选项符合语义，makeareservation表示“预订”。句意：当他试图预订时，他发现他想要的旅馆因为一个会议而客满。

4.单选题

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

问题1选项

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vivacious“可爱的，活泼的”；B选项perilous“冒险的，危险的”；C选项introverted“内向的，不喜欢交往的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的，赚钱的”。由and可知空格处与talkative（健谈的）表示的意思相同，因此选A。句意：喜欢穿红衣服的人更有可能健谈、活泼。

5.单选题

Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.

Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.

Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic（includingotherscientists）receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.

Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappealtobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationpfrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.

Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogetherchallenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”

1.Paragraph1statesthattheprocessofdiscoveryhasthecharacteristicsof（）.

2.Paragraph2suggeststhatcredibilityprocessrequires（）.

3.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit（）.

4.AlbertAzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.logicalityandobjectivity

B.uncertaintyandcomplexity

C.systematicnessandregularity

D.misconceptionanddeceptiveness

问题2选项

A.sharedefforts

B.strictinspection

C.individualwisdom

D.persistentinnovation

问题3选项

A.hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists

B.hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic

C.hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity

D.hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers

问题4选项

A.Scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges

B.Discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch

C.Effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified

D.scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind

问题5选项

A.NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment

B.CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery

C.ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience

D.EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词thefirstparagraph和theprocessofdiscovery可定位至原文第一段第二句。由原文信息可知，在日常的科学实践中发现的过程通常是含糊和复杂的。选项B中的uncertainty和complexity分别为ambiguous和complicated的同义替换，故本题正确答案为B选项。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词credibilityprocess定位至第二段第三四句。这两句话介绍了可信性的证实过程。由原文信息可知，经过集体的详细审查和认可一项科学发现声明才能变为可靠的科学发现。在这个过程中，单个研究者的“我”、“这里”和“现在”变成了科学界里的“任何人”、“任何地方”和“任何时间”。由此可知，可信性证实过程需要整个科学界的审查和认可，是集体努力的结果，因此本题正确答案为A选项。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息可定位至文章第三段。作者在这一段详细介绍了科学发现可信性的证实过程，指出在科学界复杂的社会结构下，研究者发表发现内容，编辑和审查者审核论文发表过程，其他科学家利用该发现的成果，最后，大众知晓这一发现，这一可信性证实过程是在大家的共同努力下得以完成。后文又讲到，在一项发现声明被业界审查的过程中，相关观点的融合和碰撞把个人的发现声明变成了科学界的可靠发现。由此可知，个人的发现声明需要经过整个科学界的审查才能变成可靠的发现。选项A.、B.、D.都只是可信性证实过程中的一个方面，不足以概括整个过程，均可排除。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。根据题干信息可定位至原文第四段第七句。这句话阐述了阿尔贝特•圣捷尔吉对发现的描述，即“见世人所见，思无人所思”。由此可知，阿尔贝特•圣捷尔吉强调科学发现不能循规蹈矩，要有创新精神和批判精神，所以D选项表述最符合原文含义。因此本题正确答案为D选项。

5.主旨大意题。本文首先指明日常科学研究充满了不确定性和复杂性。接着作者指出科学发现声明需要经过可信性证实过程才能变为可靠的科学发现。而在第三段，作者详细介绍了科学发现可信性的证实过程，并在第四段指出了可信性证实过程中存在的两个矛盾。第五段作者对科学的可信性证实过程进行了总结。综上所述，文章始终都在论述科学发现声明是如何变为可靠科学发现的过程，即科学可信性的证实过程。因此，D选项最适合作为文章的标题。

6.单选题

Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨碍)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.

“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.

ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining（抱怨），whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.

Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.

Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.

ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.

1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”？

2.AccordingtotheILOreport,（）.

3.TheILOreport（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?

问题1选项

A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.

B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.

C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.

D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.

问题2选项

A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels

B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms

C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms

D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms

问题3选项

A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.

B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.

C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.

D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.

问题4选项

A.Sexualharassment

B.Complaining

C.Protesting

D.Tryingtobefriendly

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“报告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思？”文章第一段最后一句话提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍”（“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks）；第一段提到国际劳动组织写的一篇报告，报告强调了女性进入高层的一些体制和态度上的偏见(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs)，因此选项A“（玻璃天花板）指存在于一些公司的偏见和体系”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据国际劳工组织报道……”。文章第一段第一句话提到“世界可能正在对女性变得友好，但是企业董事会却没有，联合国最近发布的一项调查显示，在西方公司，女性在最高管理职位中所占的比例不到3%”（Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently），由此可知选项D“除了在西方公司的董事会，女性的生活变好”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“国际劳工组织报道……”。文章第一段提到国际劳工组织报告称，女性占全球劳动力的40%以上，但即使她们通过了“玻璃天花板——由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍——她们的收入也远远低于男性”（Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid），由此可知选项C“悲观，因为即使少部分女性进入了高层，她们的收入还是少很多”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在与性骚扰作斗争时，女性没有采用下列哪项策略？”文章第三段提到抗议和抱怨使她们背负上了“女权主义者”和“发牢骚”的名号，同时想喝男性打成一片又招来了更多的骚扰（“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining，whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment），由此可知“抱怨”“抗议”“试图友好”都是女性采取的措施，所以选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Accuracyis______totheprogrammingofcomputer.

问题1选项

A.elemental

B.base

C.fundamental

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项elemental“基本的；主要的；自然力的；四大要素的（土、水、气、火）”（强调属于事物的基础或本质）；B选项based“基地在……的；在……居住（或工作）；（以某事）为基础，为根据”；C选项fundamental“基本的，根本的”（强调重要性，根基作用等，指重要程度即非常重要）；D选项inherent“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的”。句意：准确性是计算机编程的基础。befundamentalto...“基础的；基本的”。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

LuisFigueroalivesdownthestreetfromUCMerced,thenewestcampusintheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.Soit’snotsurprisingthatthe21yearsoldstudiesfromthecomfortofhisownhome.Buthe’snotenrolledatMerced:fromhisliving-roomcomputer,Figueroaisearninghisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessadministrationatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,some2,000milesaway.At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.Notonlythat,Figueroaisabletocontinueworkingfulltimeinamanagement-trainingjobwithAT&TinMerced,ajobhefeelsluckytohaveinthecurrenteconomicclimate.“OnceIrealizedIhadtimeconstraints,Iknewthetraditionalclassroomwouldn’twork,”hesays.“Coursesonlineareopen24hoursaday,andI’mabletogothereanytimeIwant.”

Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.Thesamestudyfoundthatonlineenrollmentisgrowingataratemorethan10timesthatofthehigher-educationpopulationatlarge—12.9percentvs.1.2percentfortraditionalinseatstudents.NowhereisthegrowthfasterthanamongyoungerstudentslikeFigueroawhoareoptingforonlinelearning,evenwhenthetraditionalclassroomis—inhiscase—rightoutsidethefrontdoor.“Thisisagenerationthatlivesonline,”saysVickyPhillips,founderandCEOofG,aservicethatranksonlinelearninginstitutions.“Everythingisinstant,accelerated,andaccessible,andtheyexpecttheireducationtobethatwaytoo.Forthemthereisnoclearlinebetweenthevirtualworldandtheactualworld.”

Oncetargetedatolder,workingadults,distancelearninghasmovedintotheeducationmainstreamatstunningspeedoverthepastcoupleofyears,astechnologyallowsever-richer,more-interactivelearningexperienceonline—andascollegecostscontinuetoriseandclassroomsarepackedtocapacity.Fortraditionalbrick-and-mortarinstitutions,thathasmeantascrambletoenteralucrativemarketthatusedtobetheexclusiveterritoryoffor-profitinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofPhoenixandKaplanUniversity.Establishedbrand-nameeducators—includingStanford,Cornell,PennState,andMIT,whichhasplaceditsentirecurriculumonlinethroughitsOpenCoursewareprogram—nowofferextensiveonlinelearningoptionsandarecompetingwiththefor-profitsforstudents.“Thestigmaisgone,”saysPhillips.“Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.”

Onlineofferingsthesedayscansometimesevensurpasstheclassroomexperience.AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.MeetinginSecondLifeinsteadofaphysicalclassroom,saysWalsh,allowsforsomefeatsthatgravityrendersimpossible,likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.Usingvideos,podcasts,livechats,Webcams,andwikis,educatorsincreasinglyseeonlinelearningasawaytoengagethevideogamegenerationwithpedagogythatfeelsmorelikeentertainmentthandrudgery.Studentsinthenewhomeland-securitymaster’sdegreeprogramattheUniversityofConnecticutthisfall,forexample,willhavecourseworkthatresemblesGrandTheftAuto:dwellinginacyber-citycalledSanLuisReyplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacks,andotherdisasters.AtArizonaState,studentsinanIntroductiontoParentingclassraisea“virtualchild”.Theyhavetoposttheprogressoftheironlinechargethroughallthephasesofchildhood.“Theclassesaresomuchmoreinteractive,andIcanlogonwhenI’mmostreadytolearn,”saysJaquelynHolleran,ajuniormajoringinfamilyandhumandevelopmentatASU.“Ilikethatsomuchbetterthanhavingtorushtoclassorsitthroughalecturethat’sboring.”

Asthelargestgenerationsincethebabyboomattendscollegeatatimeofshrinkingbudgetsandsoaringcosts,manyeducatorsbelievethatonlinelearningholdsthegreatestpromiseforexpandingthecapacityoftheU.S.higher-educationsystem.AnddigitalclassroomswillsurelyplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheObamaadministrationpursueitsgoalofraisingthepercentageofcollegegraduatesintheU.S.tofirstintheworldby2020(atleast10othercountriesnowstandintheway).Thesurgeinstudentswithjobsandfamilies,andthoseinthemilitary,hasalsocausedonlineenrollmentstosoar.SarahGerke,anArmyprivatestationedinIraq,keepsupwithhercourseworkatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,despitetheoccasionalbombing.“EvenifIcouldattendinperson,”shewritesinane-mailfromCampLiberty,“IthinkIwouldstickwithonlineclassesfortheconvenience.”

ForpublicinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofMichiganandtheUniversityofMassachusetts,onlinelearningnotonlyextendstheirbrand,it’sacost-effectivewaytoservemorestudents.AtUMassOnline,enrollmentamongstudentsundertheageof25hasincreased91percentoverthepastthreeyears.AtThomasEdisonStateCollegeinTrenton,N.J.,thatgrowthrateoverthesameperiodismorethan100percent.“Thebestwaytolowerthecostofhighereducationistograduateontime,”saysUMasspresidentJackWilson.“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.”

1.ThestudybytheSloanFoundationshowsthat______.

2.AccordingtoPhilips,whatwastheattitudeofpeopletowardsonlinelearning?

3.ByImmersiveEducationmethod,studentscan______.

4.IfyoutakeacourseatUMassOnline,______.

5.Comparedwiththetraditionalform,onlineeducationhasalltheadvantagesEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.about4millionAmericanstudentstookonlinecoursesinthe2007-2008schoolyear

B.theonlineenrollmentisgrowingatarateofmorethan10timesperyear

C.theratiooftraditionalinseatandonlineenrollmentgrowthrateis12.9to1.2

D.thebiggestreasonthatsomanypeopletakeonlinecoursesisitsconvenience

问题2选项

A.It’saconvenientwayoflearning.

B.It’sacost-effectivewayoflearning.

C.It’sabad-reputedwayoflearning.

D.It’sanexcellentwayoflearning.

问题3选项

A.enjoysomefeatsinphysicalclassroomthatgravityrendersimpossible

B.gotoacityplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacksandsoon

C.learnhowtobeaparentbyraisinganadoptedchildthroughInternet

D.haveasimulatedtripthroughthehumanbodyinfrontofacomputer

问题4选项

A.you’llgetaspecialdegreedifferentfromcampus-goingcounterparts’

B.youcanspendashortertimetogetadegreethangoingtocampus

C.you’llreceivehigherstandardizedcurriculathantraditionaleducation

D.youcanacceptclasscounselingfromteachersatanytimeyouwant

问题5选项

A.onlinedegreecostsalotlessthanin-classeducation

B.onlineeducationhasmanyconveniences

C.onlineeducationisfarmoreinterestingthantraditionalformofeducation

D.onlineeducationprovidescolorfulactivitieswhichgreatlyenhancesociallife

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.（根据斯隆基金会的一项研究，这种便利性是2007-2008学年近400万美国学生至少选修一门在线课程的主要原因之一。）”，由此可知该项研究主要说明了线上学习的便捷性，因此D选项“很多人选择在线课程的最大原因是它的方便”符合题意。A选项“在2007-2008学年，大约有400万美国学生参加了在线课程”、B选项“网上报名正以每年10倍以上的速度增长”以及C选项“传统的座位上课方式和网上招生增长率之比为12.9:1.2”说法都正确，但都是该研究的内容，其主要目的还是说明线上课程的便捷性，因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第三段最后一句“Thestigmaisgone…Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.（坏名声的时代已经过去了。在线学习已为大众文化所接受。它再也不是高等教育世界里丑陋的后来者了。”可推断出，以前人们认为在线学习是不可取的，C选项“这是一种普遍认为很差的学习方法”符合题意。A选项“这是一种方便的学习方式”；B选项“这是一种经济有效的学习方式”；D选项“这是一种很好的学习方式”都与题干不符，因此C选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.（波士顿学院教授、前电子游戏设计师亚伦•沃尔什首创了沉浸式教育，这是一种通过虚拟世界进行教学的方法。）”，下文举例进行说明，其中提到“likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.（比如让艺术史学生飞到西斯廷教堂的天花板上，或者让生物专业的学生乘坐魔法学校的巴士进行人体内的旅行。）”，由此可推断出D选项“在电脑前模拟人体旅行”符合浸入式教育的虚拟环境，所以正确。A选项“在物理教室里享受一些重力使其不可能实现的壮举”；B选项“去一个有自杀式炸弹袭击，生化攻击等的城市”以及C选项“通过互联网学习如何抚养一个被收养的孩子”都不符合浸入式教育的虚拟环境条件，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.（我们越来越多地看到学生将在线学习作为一种加速器，一种更快地完成本科课程的方式。）”，由此可知在麻省大学，学生可以通过线上学习提前完成自己的本科学业，因此B选项“你可以花比去校园更短的时间获得学位”符合题意。A选项“你将获得一个不同于在校同学的特殊学位”；C选项“你将接受比传统教育更高的标准化课程”；D选项“你可以随时接受老师的辅导”都与原文内容不符，因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据第一段“At$630percourse—about$1,800perse