考研考博-英语-山东医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Weshouldbejudgedbythequalityofourproductsandthevalueinvestors___fromthem.

问题1选项

A.deride

B.derive

C.elude

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deride“嘲笑；嘲弄”；B选项derive“源于；得自；获得”；C选项elude“（尤指机智地，巧妙地）避开，逃避，躲避；使无法得到；使无法达到；使不记得；使不理解”；D选项evade“逃避；规避；逃脱”。句意：我们应该根据我们产品的质量和投资者从中___的价值来判断。本句表达“投资者从中获得的价值”，因此B选项正确。

2.翻译题

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)Anewcommittee,setupbytheeditorsofnineprominentmedicaljournals,calledlastweekforgovernmentstotacklescientificmisconductandfraudulentpublicationinamoresystematicway.

“Casesarestillexposedmostlybychance,andweworryaboutthescaleoftheproblem,”saysRichardSmith,editoroftheBritishMedicalJournalandamemberoftheCommitteeonPublicationEthics(COPE),whichisoneofseveralorganizationsinEuropecurrentlylookingintowaystobeefupmechanismstodealwithpublicationmisconduct.(2)COPE,whosemembersincludetheeditorsoftheLancet,Gut,andTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,invitedmorethan100othereditorsheretodiscussthescopeoftheproblemandhowtodealwithevidenceofmisconductinpublicationssubmittedtothemforreview.Editorsrelatedtheirexperienceswithincidentsincludingtheforgingofsignaturesofpatientsandmembersofethicscommitteesthatmonitorresearchprograms,plagiarismofresearchpublishedinmajorWesternjournalsforrepublicationinEasternEuropeanjournals,publishingreportsofpatientswhocouldbeidentifiedwithouttheirconsent.

(3)Theseincidentsweredescribedwithoutrevealingnamesbecauseofworriesaboutlibellawsandsothatthecareersofwhistleblowerswhobroughtcasestolightwouldnotbejeopardized.

COPE,saysSmith,willpublishalistofreportedcasesofmisconducteachyeartosensitizeeditorstotheproblems.

COPE’seffortsarebeingmatchedbyotherinitiativesinEurope.(4)TheMaxPlanckSociety,Germany’spremierresearchorganization,isalsocarryingoutareviewofproceduresitmayadopttohelpcountermisconduct,andtheresultsarealsoexpectedshortly.AndatthemostrecentmeetingoftheEuropeanheadsofresearchcouncilsinDublinlastmonth,theproblemofscientificmisconductwasatthetopoftheagenda.ThecouncilheadsarelookinginparticularatDanisheffortsthathaveculminatedinanewnationalcommitteeonscientificdishonesty.(5)UnliketheU.S.OfficeofResearchIntegrity,whichcaninvestigatemisconductclaimsonlywhentheyinvolvegovernmentfunds,theDanishcommitteecanworkacrossthescientificspectrum.COPEisalsointerestedintheU.S.andDanishefforts.“Editorscanonlygosofar,”saysKennedy.“Eventuallyyouneedanindependentbodytoinvestigateclaimsfairly.”

【答案】1.由九家著名医学杂志的编辑组建的一个新委员会上周呼吁各国政府以一种更系统的方式解决科学不当行为和虚假发表。

2.COPE的成员包括《柳叶刀》《肠道》和《美国医学会杂志》的编辑，邀请了100多名其他编辑在这里讨论这个问题的范围，以及如何处理提交给他们审查的出版物中的不当行为证据。

3.由于担心违反诽谤法，这些事件的描述没有透露姓名，这样将案件公布于众的告密者的职业生涯就不会受到损害。

4.德国首要的研究机构马克斯•普朗克学会(MaxPlanckSociety)也在对可能采取的帮助打击不当行为的程序进行审查，结果也将很快公布。

5.美国研究诚信办公室(OfficeofResearchIntegrity)只有在涉及到政府资金的情况下才能调查不当行为指控，与此不同的是，丹麦委员会可以在整个科学领域开展工作。

3.单选题

Allpartsofthissewingmachineare（

）sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.

问题1选项

A.mechanized

B.minimized

C.modernized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。mechanize意为“使机械化”；minimize意为“使最小化，使减少到最低限度”；modernize意为“使现代化”；standardize意为“使标准化，使符合标准（或规格）”。

由itisverysimpletogetreplacements（替换很简单）可推测Allpartsofthissewingmachine（缝纫机的所有零部件）应是“标准件”，因此选D。

句意：这台缝纫机的所有零件都是标准化的——所以很容易就能找到它们的替换件。

4.单选题

Howmanyofus（

）,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

问题1选项

A.attended

B.attending

C.toattend

D.haveattended

【答案】B

【解析】考查分词作定语。分析句子结构，“say”为插入语，“thatisirrelevanttous”为定语，句中主干为：Howmanyofus

ameetingwouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?wouldbeinterestedin是谓语，那么空格处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰名词us。不定式作定语表未发生的，现在分词作定语表主动关系，所指的时间既可以指过去，也可指现在。过去分词作定语表被动关系，因此选B。

句意：比如说，参加一个与我们毫不相干的会议，那么我们当中有多少人会对会议上的讨论感兴趣呢？

5.翻译题

顾客对产品和服务有不同的价值观。有的顾客要求价格低，购物方便；有的顾客对价格并不太在意，他们要求产品必须是最新款式，在市场上代表最先进的技术；还有的顾客要求产品或服务能满足他们特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成为领先市场的首脑公司并保持其竞争优势，就必须根据自身的条件集中在某个方面做出突出的表现，或者以低成本取胜，或者以最新名优产品取胜，或者以与特殊的顾客群建立紧密的关系取胜。

【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.

6.填空题

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改为bywhich

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】D部分到句子结尾是修饰means的定语从句，means为事物，引导词用which，结合短语bymeans，确定bywhich正确。

【句意】由于竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要来源，具有竞争力的商业机构受到尊重。竞争不仅本身有好处，它还是一种维护其他美国价值观的方式，如个人自由、机会均等、勤奋工作等。

7.单选题

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall______sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

问题1选项

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项orrather“更精确的说，倒不如说”，B项ratherthan“而不是”，C项butrather“而宁可说是”，D项otherthan“除了”。根据句子可知，not…butrather…固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”。句意：有时病人遭受严重的疼痛可以通过“药物”来缓解，这些“药物”根本不是药物，而是不含任何活性化学元素的糖丸。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.翻译题

人类是一个不断自然进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的进程自45亿年前地球形成以来就一直未曾间断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致，因为人类已经获得了创新思维的能力。我认为这标志着进化进入了一个非常重要的阶段，使一个物种首次有能力掌握了自身命运。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】Humanbeingsaretheproductofacontinuousprocessofnaturalevolution,includingnumerousgenetictransformations:aninexorableprocessthathasbeengoingonuninterruptedsincetheearthformed4.5billionyearsago.Thisevolutionaryprocess,influencedbyenvironmentalfactors,throughrandommutation,formedamoreadaptablesystem,thusensuringitscontinuity.Intheanimalworld,thishasledtotheevolutionofhigherspecies,culminatinginhumans,whohaveacquiredtheabilitytothinkcreatively,thinkthismarksaveryimportantstageinevolution,thefirsttimeaspecieshasbeenabletocontrolitsowndestiny.

9.单选题

Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.

Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.

InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.

AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.

Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.

1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe（

）.

4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.

B.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothink

C.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.

D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.

问题2选项

A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.

B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.

C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.

D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.

问题3选项

A.thosewhomakenogestures

B.thosewhogesturecorrectly

C.thosewhogesturewrongly

D.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly

问题4选项

A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.

B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

C.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturing

D.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节题。题目提问‘为什么SusanGoldin-Meadow要进行这样的研究?’根据文章第一段第三句与第四句的“Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis.研究认为手势不仅能帮助人们进行交流，而且还帮助他们去思考。她打算通过实验来证明这些研究”确定C选项‘测试手势帮助人们进行交流和思考‘正确。A选项’测试手势仅仅帮助人们进行交流‘、B选项‘测试仅仅帮助人们进行思考‘只提及了一部分，不正确；D选项’测试手势帮助人们进行交流而不进行思考‘与原文不符。

2.推断题。题目提问‘我们能从第一段推断出什么?’A选项‘人类语言是无止境的科学研究的主题’是第一段中直接提出的，不是推断出的，排除；B选项‘意大利人表示无语的方式是手腕放在—起’与文中的“ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether.人们有时开玩笑说，让意大利人闭嘴的方法是将他们的手腕绑在一起’意思不符，排除；C选项‘在交谈的时候都会做出一些意义丰富的手势’与“almosteveryone几乎所有人”不符排除；根据文章第一段第一句“Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.人类语言一直是科学研究的主题，但伴随语言而来的手势却出人意料地被忽视了。”推断出D选项‘对伴随讲话的手势研究还不尽人意‘正确。

3.细节题。题目提问‘根据苏珊的研究，学到最少的小孩可能是……。’根据文中倒数第二段最后两句“itwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly”stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.研究发现手势正确的小孩学到的最多。但是也发现手势不正确的小孩学到的仍然比没有使用手势的小孩多”确定A选项‘没有做手势的那些小孩’正确。

4.细节题。题目提问‘这篇文章的最后一句话可能是指……。’根据文章最后一句“Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.的确，它是如此发人深省，以至于即使是错误的姿态也有一定的价值。”确定B选项‘正确的和错误的手势都能激励学习’正确。

10.单选题

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary（

）ithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

问题1选项

A.bythat

B.atthat

C.onthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：批评和自我批评是必要的,因为它有助于我们发现和改正错误。inthat为固定搭配,意为"由于,因为",在这里引导原因状语从句。所以本题选D。

11.单选题

Thehindsightbiasreferstoapervasivehumantendencyforpeopletoberemarkablyadeptatreferringaprocess______theoutcomeisknownbutbeunabletopredictoutcomes______onlytheprocessesandprecipitatingeventsareknown.

问题1选项

A.although;if

B.once;when

C.when;incase

D.where;for

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.although;if尽管；如果B.once;when曾经；当

C.when;incase当；以防万一D.where;for哪里；为了

【考查点】连词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“‘事后诸葛亮偏见’指的是一种普遍存在的人类倾向，即______结果已知，人们就会非常熟练地引用某个过程，但______只有过程和突发事件已知时，他们却无法预测结果”可知，第一个空格处表示的是条件，知道了结果，才会熟练引用某个过程，所以第一个空格填入if或者once符合；第二个空格根据句意可知，此处表示时间，填入when符合；故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项由解题思路可知，这三项不符合句子逻辑。

【句意】“事后诸葛亮偏见”指的是一种普遍存在的人类倾向，即一旦结果已知，人们就会非常熟练地引用某个过程，但当只有过程和突发事件已知时，他们却无法预测结果。

12.单选题

Themostprominentcharacteristicsofhandwritingareundoubtedlyletterformationandslant.

问题1选项

A.presumably

B.inmanycases

C.surely

D.withoutbias

【答案】C

【解析】presumably大概，推测起来，可假定；inmanycases在许多情况下；surely当然，无疑；withoutbias不偏不倚。undoubtedly意为毫无疑问地，选项C与之意思最为相近。

13.单选题

Mary’sdeparture______withTom’sreturn.

问题1选项

A.complied

B.retarded

C.coincided

D.collaborated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项comply“遵守，顺从”，complywith表示“照做，遵守”；B项retard“延迟，组织，妨碍”；C项coincide“一致，符合，同时发生”，coincidewith表示“符合，与……相一致”；D项collaborate“合作，勾结”，collaboratewith表示“合作，通敌”。根据句子可知，departure“离开”和return“回来”都与时间有关，只有C项可以表达时间，所以符合句意。句意：玛丽的离开与汤姆的回来正好吻合。因此，该题选择C项正确。

14.单选题

Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedle—ashotofnovocaine—thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.

Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves—andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves-wewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.

Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakirwhositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.

Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.Ifthedentistsays,thiswillhurtalittle,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout____________.

2.Thesentence“Butwepayforoursensitivity”inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat____________.

3.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhat____________.

4.Themostimportantthingtohandlepainis____________.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspainis____________.

问题1选项

A.howtosufferpain

B.howtoavoidpain

C.howtohandlepain

D.howtostoppain

问题2选项

A.weshouldpayadebtforourfeeling

B.wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomething

C.ourpainisworthfeeling

D.whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit

问题3选项

A.Indiansarenotatallafraidofpain

B.peoplemaybesenselessofpain

C.somepeopleareabletohandlepain

D.fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms

问题4选项

A.howwelookatpain

B.tofeelpainasmuchaspossible

C.toshowaninterestinpain

D.toacceptthepainreluctantly

问题5选项

A.Pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.radical

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句Butthereisawaytohandlepain.（但有种方法可以缓解疼痛），可知下文的内容在讲如何缓解疼痛，故C选项“如何缓解疼痛”正确，A选项“如何承受疼痛”和D选项“如何停止疼痛”：文章没有提到，故错误。B选项“如何避免疼痛”：文章只是讲到通过打针避免疼痛，但这不是主要内容，故错误。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第二段倒数第二句Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.（当我们身体的任何部位出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛。），可知疼痛反映身体部位的情况，故D选项“我们感到疼痛时，代表我们的身体正在承受疼痛”正确。A选项“我们应该为我们的感觉偿还债务”：句意不通，故错误。B选项“如果我们有感觉就会受伤”：有感觉和受伤没有因果关系，故错误。C选项“我们的疼痛值得感受”：文章没有提到疼痛是否值得，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.（保持放松，把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待，我们就能处理疼痛而不会崩溃。），可知个人对于疼痛的承受力可以改变，苦行僧就是一个例子，故C选项“有些人能够承受疼痛”正确。A选项“印度人一点也不怕疼痛”：苦行僧不等同于印度人，故错误。B选项“人们可能对痛苦毫无知觉”：上文说到我们的身体出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛，故错误。D选项“苦行僧有把针穿过他们手臂的魔法”：这不是苦行僧的魔法，只是他们对疼痛的耐受力比较高。没有提到。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.（在忍受痛苦的过程中，最重要的是我们对它的态度。），可知我们如何看待疼痛是最重要的，故A选项“我们如何看待疼痛”正确。B选项“尽可能多地感受疼痛”：文中没有提到，故错误。C选项“对疼痛感兴趣”：文中说的是treatingthepainasaninterestingsensation（把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待），而不是对疼痛本身感兴趣，故错误。D选项“不情愿地接受疼痛”：根据文章，自愿接受疼痛才是可行的，故错误。因此A选项正确。

5.观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.（毕竟，虽然疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它仍然是一种感觉，而感觉是生命的组成部分。），可知作者对疼痛持正向包容态度，认为疼痛是正常的，并不是多么可怕的坏事，故B选项“乐观的”正确。A选项“悲观的”，C选项“激进的”和D选项“讽刺的”都不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

问题1选项

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的，会感染的”；A选项spreading“扩散的”；B选项contemptible“可鄙的”；C选项contented“满足的，心安的”；D选项depressing“沉闷的，阴沉的”。句意：问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。

16.单选题

Hersondidn’tgetpaidverymuch,butmotherandsonmanagedtoget______.

问题1选项

A.over

B.off

C.by

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项getover“克服；恢复；熬过；原谅”；B选项getoff“动身；免于受罚；从……下来；脱下（衣服等）”；C选项getby“通过；（生活）过得去；过活；获得认可”；D选项getdown“下来；吞下；使沮丧”。句意：她的儿子挣的钱不多，但母子俩设法使生活过得去。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

问题1选项

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

问题2选项

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

问题3选项

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

问题4选项

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

问题5选项

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲中枢神经系统和大脑的起源，因此C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(诸如水螅和海葵等腔肠动物)。由此可知，B项“腔肠动物”正确。

第3题:词义题。对于短语“tookto”的理解可参考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先进的哺乳动物，如猴子、猿和人类（灵长类动物）的大脑是由祖先进化而来的，它们…在树上生活)，taketo本意为“开始从事”。

第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的鱼相比最大的昆虫有更大的头脑)。由此可知，A项“大脑”正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干为:由文章可知，什么有助于协调哺乳动物复杂的身体活动?倒数第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同时，后脑获得了巨大的小脑来协调复杂的运动)。由此可知A项“小脑”正确。

18.单选题

Prof.Flynnfoundnostudentsinthelecturehallwhenhearrived.Onlythendidherealizethathecame（

）early.

问题1选项

A.toomuch

B.muchtoo

C.somuch

D.muchso

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。Toomuch“太多”，为形容词短语，修饰名词；muchtoo“太······，非常······”，为副词短语，修饰形容词或者副词；somuch“这么”，副词短语，放在动词后修饰动词，或者作形容词短语修饰名词；mushso这个短语不存在。句意：Flynn教授到达阶梯教室时没有看见一个学生。直到那时他才意识到他来得太早了。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Icouldn’theartheprogrambecausetherewastoomuch（

）.

问题1选项

A.grasp

B.globe

C.superior

D.interference

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我听不清节目，因为干扰太大。

考查名词辨析。Grasp紧抓,紧握,控制,理解(力);globe地球,世界(尤用以强调其大);superior级别(或地位、职位)更高的人,上级,上司;interference干涉,干预,介入,(无线电信号的)干扰。故D符合句意。

20.单选题

Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike‘PaleolithicMan’,‘NeolithicMan’,etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.’

Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Hisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:‘Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?1sawthesea.’Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays‘I’vebeenthere.’Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay‘I’vebeenthere’—meaning,‘Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.’

Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.

1.Anthropologistslabelnowadaysmen‘Legless’because（）.

2.Travelingathighspeedmeans（）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsay‘wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes’?

4.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

5.Whatdoes‘abird’s-eyeview’mean?

问题1选项

A.peopleforgethowtousehislegs.

B.peopleprefercars,busesandtrains.

C.liftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.

D.therearealotoftransportationdevices.

问题2选项

A.people’sfocusonthefuture.

B.apleasure.

C.satisfyingdrivers’greatthrill.

D.anecessityoflife.

问题3选项

A.Peoplewon’tusetheireyes.

B.Intravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.

C.Peoplecan’tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.

D.Peoplewanttosleepduringtraveling.

问题4选项

A.Legsbecomeweaker.

B.Modernmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.

C.Thereisnoneedtouseeyes.

D.Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.

问题5选项

A.Seeviewwithbird’seyes.

B.Abirdlooksatabeautifulview.

C.Itisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingdown.

D.Ascenicplace.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第三、四句“Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs….当人类学家将目光转向20世纪，他们肯定选择“无腿人”这个标签。这个时代的历史大概是这样的：在20世纪，人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿….”后面具体举例来论证这个观点，比如人们坐车，乘电梯，坐电缆车等，由此可知，人类学家之所以给20世纪的人贴上“无腿人”这个标签是因为人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段的首句“Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.当你高速旅行的时候，现在对于你来说毫无意义：你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间都在盼望到达另一个地方。”也就是说，当人们高速旅行的时候，关注的是未来，所以选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的一、二句“Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wef