考研考博-英语-山东商业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东商业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itisverykindofyoutooffer,butanymorepuddingwouldsimplybe（）.

问题1选项

A.exceptional

B.excessive

C.abundant

D.ample

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。exceptional"例外的;异常的";excessive"过多的;极度的";abundant"丰富的,多产的";ample"丰富的,足够的"。句意：你给的刚刚好,再多一点布丁都显得太过分了。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Themanager（）factsandfigurestomakeitseemthatthecompanywasprosperous.

问题1选项

A.beguiled

B.besmirched

C.juxtaposed

D.juggled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beguile“欺骗”；besmirch“弄脏，诽谤”；juxtapose“并置，并列”；juggle“歪曲，篡改”。句意：经理歪曲事实，并且篡改数据，使得公司看起来一片繁荣。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

TheancientChinesethoughtcometswerecelestialbroomswieldedbythegodstosweeptheheavensfreeofevil.IntheWesttheywerebelievedtopresagethefallofJerusalem,thedeathofmonarchsandsuchanomaliesastwo-headedcalves.TheNormanConquestofEnglandwasattributedtothe1006flybyofHalley’s,history’smostfamouscomet,whichhasbeenlinkedtoeverythingfromJuliusCaesar’sassassinationtothedefeatofAttilatheHun.ToldthatEarthwouldpassthroughHalley’stailduringits1910visit,manyAmericanspanickedandboughtgasmasksand“cometpills.”

AlanHalecallsthesewavesoffearandmysticism“cometmadness,”andascodiscovererofCometHale-Bopp,he’sseenmorethanhisshare.Eversincehisfindwasannounced,hehasbeeninundatedwithinquiries,pronouncementsandaccusationsfromthecometaryfringe.

Halehasfoundthatthearrivalofamajorcomet—especiallysoneartheendofamillennium—isstillwidelyregardedasanomenofupheavalanddisasterSeveralChristianFundamentalists,hewritesinthecurrentissueofSkepticalInquirer,haveproclaimedHale-Bopptobeoneofthe“signsoftheendtimes”foretoldintheNewTestament.TheyalsosuggestthatthecometmightbetheobjectdescribedinRevelation8:10asagreatstarnamedWormwoodthat“fellfromheaven,blazinglikeatorch.”Wormwood,accordingtotheBible,destroysathirdofalmosteverything:people,land,riversandseas.Othersclaimthatthecometissomekindofalienmothership“underintelligentcontrol.”

SpeculationreachedafeverpitchlastNovemberwhenChuckShramek,anamateurastronomerbasedinHouston,Texas,announcedonaU.S.radiotalkshowthathehadphotographeda“Satum-likeobject”thatseemedtobefollowinginHale-Bopp'swake.Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevatedHale-BoppfantasiesfromsupermarkettabloidstothemainstreampressandgeneratedthousandsofpoststomessageboardsandastronomyhomepagesontheInternet.Onefast-spreadingrumorhaditthattheobjectwasanalienspacecraftfourtimesthesizeofEarth.

Halewasbarragedwithreporters’queries,andinanefforttocalmthereporters,heinvestigatedShramek’sphotographanddeterminedthatthe“object”initwasanordinaryeighth-magnitudestar.AfterpostinghisconclusionsontheNet,HalebecamethetargetofafloodofhateE-mail,muchofitaccusinghimofbeingpartofaconspiracytosuppressthetruenatureofHale-Bopp.

Haleacknowledgesthatitwasonlynaturalforourancestorstobeapprehensiveaboutthefieryapparitionsinthenightsky.Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.“Iaskreaderstotreatalltheseirresponsiblereportswiththedisdaintheydeserve,”hesays,“andinsteadenjoythebeautyofthecometforitsownsake,”

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）

2.AlanHale’sattitudetowardshiscontemporaryastronomers’sreportsaboutnewlydiscoveredcometsis（）

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Judgingbythecontext,theword“inundated”inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans（）

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）

问题1选项

A.Comets,OmensofDisasters

B.TheDiscoveryofCometHale-Bopp

C.AlanHale,AGreatAstronomer

D.CrazyaboutComets

问题2选项

A.contemptuous

B.unconcerned

C.liberal

D.positive

问题3选项

A.ThereareavarietyofexplanationsofComet-Bopp.

B.IntheWest,cometsareregardedasomensofupheavalsanddisasters.

C.AlanHalehasdiscoveredmanyothercometsexceptcometHale-Bopp.

D.ManypeoplewerenotsatisfiedbyAlanHale’sinterpretationofChuckShramek’sfind.

问题4选项

A.relished

B.overwhelmed

C.charged

D.deprived

问题5选项

A.ChuckShramek’sclaimcausedagreatpublicconcernandinterest

B.AlanHaleisnotfondofE-mail

C.Fewastronomersaresuperstitious

D.MostAmericansarenotimpressionable

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文首段提到西方人们对彗星的恐惧，接下来主要讲了天文学家Hale对彗星的研究以及受到人们的指控。所以选项C更符合本文主题。

2.观点态度题。根据最后一段的第二句“Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.”但他对当代的天文学家们没有耐心，他认为他们应该知道得更多。由此推断，Hale

的是轻蔑的。选项A正确。unconcerned不关心的；liberal慷慨的；positive积极的。

3.细节事实题。文中只提到Hale发现了波普彗星，但没有说发现了许多其他的彗星，所以选项C表述错误。

4.词义题。根据原文：自从他宣布了自己的发现，他就被各种调查、声明和指控淹没了。选项B符合原文。relished品味；charged被指控；deprived被剥夺。

5.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句“Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevated...ontheInternet.”Shramek令人窒息的声明将Comet-Bopp的幻想从超市小报提升到了主流媒体，并在互联网上的留言板和天文学主页上发布了数千条帖子。选项A符合原文。

4.单选题

Thehospitalisnowdiscounting10standardoperations,________havingababytoundergoingaheartbypass.

问题1选项

A.rangingfrom

B.covering

C.consistingof

D.comprising

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“从……到……”；B选项“覆盖，包含”；C选项“包括，组成”；D选项“包括”。句意：这家医院现在不考虑（做）10种标准手术，（）接生到心脏搭桥手术。从句子关键词“to”，选项中和to搭配的只有rangefrom...to；所以答案选A。consistof和comprise后面列举的例子一般用and连接。

5.单选题

Customersmayalsobepermittedto（

）theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.

问题1选项

A.overextend

B.overdraw

C.overvalue

D.overpay

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overextend“过分张开，过分扩展”；B选项overdraw“透支”；C选项overvalue“对……估价过高，高估”；D选项overpay“付款过多，多付报酬”。根据currentaccounts（往来账户）可知B选项符合语境。句意：客户如预知有一笔存入款项即将办理，也可短时期透支其往来账户。

6.单选题

Idecidedtoquitthejobbecauseitis（

）tolistentoourboss’sconstantcomplaints.

问题1选项

A.delightful

B.sensational

C.preventive

D.irksome

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。Delightful“高兴的”；sensational“轰动的”；preventive“预防性的”；irksome“令人厌烦的”。句意：我决定辞职因为厌烦了老板持续不断的抱怨。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Themachineneedsacomplete（）sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.

问题1选项

A.amending

B.fitting

C.mending

D.renovating

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项amending（amend的现在分词形式）“修改”；B选项fitting“配件，安装”；C选项mending“修补”；D选项renovating“更新，修补”。根据句意可知，这个机器用了十几年，应该是需要修理，所以首先排除选项A和选项B；C选项mending多指修理机器，D选项多指翻新房屋建筑等，所以选项C更恰当。

8.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Scientificresearchisbynatureanuncertainundertaking.Likeanyexploratoryprocess,itisnotpossibletopredictwhatonewillfindorwhatitseventualutilitymightbe.Thatisthewholepointofresearch-investigatingwhatwedonotknow.Inotherwalksoflifewehavecometogripswiththenotionofstochasticphenomenathatarenotindividuallypredictable,butcanbetackledasagroup.Mutualfundmanagersdonotexpecteveryinvestmenttohavethesamereturn,nordoactuariesexpecteverypersontolivepreciselytothelifeexpectancy.Thewholepointofamutualfund,oraninsurancecompany,istocreateaportfolioofunpredictableentitiesthatintheaggregateyieldtostatisticalprediction.Givenasufficientlylargeportfolioofresearchprojects,andenoughtimetobringthemtofruition,thetrackrecordisclear:Scienceisatremendous,andverypredictable,investment.

Yetthisisnothowscienceisviewedbythosewhofunditingovernmentorindustry.Therefore,projectsaresubjectedtoascrutinywhollyinappropriatetotheirnature.Themostreliablewaytogetresearchfundsistopredicttheresearchresultsupfront,toguaranteelowriskoffailure,andtopresentaclearandcertainpathfromresultstogreatcommercialutility.

【答案】科学研究一项不确定的事业。就像任何探索过程一样，我们不可能预测人们会发现什么，或者它最终的效用是什么。研究-调查我们不知道的事情是整个重点。在其他行业，我们已经掌握随机现象的概念，这些现象不作为个体预测，而是可以作为一个整体来处理的。共同基金经理不期望每一个投资都有同样的回报，精算师们也不期望每个人都能精确地生活在预期寿命中。共同基金或保险公司的全部目的是创建一个不可预测的实体组合，这些实体在总体收益率上是用于统计预测的。倘若有足够大型的研究组合，以及有足够的时间让它们结出硕果，这种记录是清晰的：科学是一项巨大的、非常可预测的投资。

然而，政府或工业界的资助者并不是这样看待科学的。因此，项目受到完全不符合其性质的审查。获得科研经费最可靠的途径是提前预测研究成果，保证低风险的失败，并从研究成果向大商业应用的角度说明清晰、确定的路径。

9.单选题

Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy（

）everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.blamed

C.charged

D.accused

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批评”；blame“责备，归咎于”；charge“控诉，告诫”；accuse“控告，谴责”。blame常与for连用；charge后跟for；accuse后接of。根据“forhislackofsuccess”可知选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

问题1选项

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

问题2选项

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

问题3选项

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

问题4选项

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

问题5选项

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.现在，一份解雇通知书、一个糟糕的诊断，或者配偶的消失，都可能在几个月内把一个稳定的中产阶级家庭变成一个新的贫困家庭。”由此可知C选项“他们更容易受家庭经济情况变化的影响”正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在过去一年的大部分时间里，布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为储蓄账户模式，即退休人员将他们的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根据投资回报进行交易。”由此可知B选项“不安全的薪酬”正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.医疗保健的绝对成本和家庭承担的份额都上升了，而且新流行的医疗储蓄计划正从立法机构蔓延到沃尔玛员工，免赔额大大提高，家庭未来医疗保健的投资风险也增加了。”由此可知D选项“增加家庭的投资风险”正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影响已经开始，政治方面的影响可能也不远了。”由此可知C选项“经济问题可能会带来政治问题”正确。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。文章讲述美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变，面临着一系列危机，由此可判断B项“中产阶级在悬崖上”符合题意。

11.单选题

Inatyphoon,winds（）aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.

问题1选项

A.assume

B.accomplish

C.attain

D.assemble

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项assume“采取；呈现；承担”；B选项accomplish“完成；实现”；C选项attain“实现；获得；达到”；D选项assemble“集合；装配；收集”。句意：在台风中，风速达到每小时120公里。根据句中“Inatyphoon在台风中”可知“达到”符合语境，因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

It’shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemisamess.Foreignnationalshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforgingpassports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackerswerehereonexpiredvisas.That’sbeenasafebetuntilnow.TheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS)lackstheresources,andapparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2millionforeignerswhohaveintentionallyoverstayedtheirwelcome.

Butthislaxnesstowardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congresshasalreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedinthewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requirestheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder.

Butwhat’sreallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimedattighteningupbordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforarollbackofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohirehundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepillegalimmigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncethey’rehere.ReformersalsowanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholdersactuallyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.

Alltheseproposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybillthatpassedtheHouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies:universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they’vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhavepassedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedtobereintroducedandtopassnextyear.

Alsoontheagendafornextyear:aproposal,backedbysomeinfluentiallaw-makers,tosplittheINSintotwoagencies—agoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctionslikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrateonborderinspections,deportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonforthedivision,supporterssay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks.

1.Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof____.

2.WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.governmentagenciesto____.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept.11,alienswithexpiredvisas____.

4.ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS____.

5.BeforeSept.11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause____.

问题1选项

A.thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeigners

B.theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeople

C.theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpoints

D.thelowefficiencyoftheImmigrationandNaturalizationService

问题2选项

A.refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborder

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapers

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.

问题3选项

A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttrouble

B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagents

C.mightstayonforaslongastheywished

D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportation

问题4选项

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctions

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminately

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurity

D.hasignoredthepleasofthetwopowerfullobbies

问题5选项

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplabor

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmen

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurity

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcement

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof____.显然，恐怖分子利用了____。

A.thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeignersA.给予外国人的法律特权

B.theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeopleB.美国人民的盛情款待

C.theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpointsC.边境检查站官员的不负责任

D.thelowefficiencyoftheImmigrationandNaturalizationServiceD.移民归化局的低效率

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“很明显，恐怖分子在他们的计划中精明地考虑到了我们体系的弱点。”以及“移民和归化局既没有资源也没有倾向去追踪这些人。”由此可知恐怖分子是利用了移民归化局的不作为。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“给予外国人的法律特权”，文中没有提及给予外国人法律特权，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“美国人民的盛情款待”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“边境检查站官员的不负责任”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.governmentagenciesto____.我们从文章中了解到，美国各政府机构将协同努力____。

A.refusetherenewingofexpiredvisasA.拒绝延长过期签证

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborderB.在边境阻止恐怖分子嫌疑人

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapersC.防止伪造移民文件

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.D.限制移民美国的人数

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段最后一句“《美国爱国者法案》要求联邦调查局、司法部、国务院和移民局共享更多数据，这将更容易在边境阻止列入监视名单的恐怖分子（stopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder）。”因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“拒绝延长过期签证”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“防止伪造移民文件”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“限制移民美国的人数”，文中提及“他们还希望移民归化局雇佣数百名边境巡逻人员和调查人员，将非法移民拒之门外”但是这并不是美国政府各机构协同做的，该选项属于张冠李戴。

3.【选项释义】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept.11,alienswithexpiredvisas____.从文章中可以推断，在9•11事件之前，持有过期签证的外国人____。

A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttroubleA.可能会毫不费力地延长签证

B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagentsB.将受到联邦调查局特工的密切监视

C.mightstayonforaslongastheywishedC.可以想待多久就待多久

D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportationD.一直生活在被驱逐出境的恐惧中

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“长期以来，外国公民一直在用假证件偷渡边境，而合法抵达美国的游客经常在不受法律欢迎的情况下逾期居留，而没有受到惩罚。”以及最后一句“据估计，有200万外国人故意滞留时间过长，移民和归化局既没有资源也没有倾向去追踪这些人。”由此可推断这些外国人在9•11事件之前想呆多久就呆多久，因为没有任何惩罚，移民归化局也不会采取措施。因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“可能会毫不费力地延长签证”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“将受到联邦调查局特工的密切监视”，文中提到“他们还希望移民归化局雇佣数百名边境巡逻人员和调查人员，将非法移民拒之门外，并在他们抵达后进行追踪。”但是这是9•11事件后人们呼吁的，9•11事件前文中提到“据估计，有200万外国人故意滞留时间过长，移民和归化局既没有资源也没有倾向去追踪这些人。”由此可知他们并不受监视，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“一直生活在被驱逐出境的恐惧中”，文中提到“据估计，有200万外国人故意滞留时间过长，移民和归化局既没有资源也没有倾向去追踪这些人。”由此可知没有人去追踪他们，因此他们不生活在被驱逐出境的恐惧中，该选项属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS____.许多人认为，这些年来，INS____。

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctionsA.一直在履行两个相互矛盾的职能

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminatelyB.在不加区别地向游客和移民发放签证方面过于自由

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurityC.以国家安全为代价，过分强调其服务功能

D.hasignoredthepleasofthetwopowerfullobbiesD.一直无视这两个强大游说团体的请求

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“支持者说，造成这种分歧的一个原因是，移民局近年来过于专注于为游客和移民服务（becometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants）。”因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“一直在履行两个相互矛盾的职能”，文中提到“提议将移民局分成两个机构”，由此可知是提议将其分成两个机构，并不是一直都在履行两个矛盾的职能，该选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“在不加区别地向游客和移民发放签证方面过于自由”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“一直无视这两个强大游说团体的请求”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

BeforeSept.11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause____.在9•11事件之前，美国国会一直未能通过更严格的移民法，原因是____。

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplaborA.他们可能会把外国学生和廉价劳动力拒之门外

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmenB.协调国会议员们的努力是很困难的

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurityC.教育界和企业界对国家安全的关心甚少

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcementD.没有资源来执行它们

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第二段第二句“在9•11事件之前，这类立法曾被两大强大的游说团体阻挠：大学和商界，前者依赖外国学生的学费，而外国学生（foreignstudents）可能会被新法律拒之门外；后者则依赖外国人提供廉价劳动力（cheaplabor）。”由此可知如果新法律通过，那么外国学生和廉价劳动力会被挡在国外。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“协调国会议员们的努力是很困难的”，文中提及“如果不是国会的操纵，该法案本应在这次获得通过，预计该法案将在明年重新提出并获得通过。”这是发生在9•11事件之后的并不是之前，该选项属于张冠李戴；

C选项“教育界和企业界对国家安全的关心甚少”，文中提到“这类立法曾被两大强大的游说团体阻挠：大学和商界”，但是并不是说教育界和企业界不关心国家安全，该选项曲解原文，属于过度推断；

D选项“没有资源来执行它们”，根据文章可知，并不是没有资源执行它们，而是受到两大游说团体的阻挠，该选项属于反向干扰。

13.单选题

Althoughwecanimaginelifebasedonsomethingotherthancarbonchemistry,weknowofnoexamplestotellushowsuchlifemightariseandsurvive.Wemustlimitourdiscussiontolifeasweknowitandtheconditionsitrequires.Themostimportantrequirementisthepresenceofliquidwater,notonlyaspartofthechemicalreactionsoflife,butalsoasamediumtotransportnutrientsandwasteswithintheorganism.

Thewaterrequirementautomaticallyeliminatesmanyworldsinoursolarsystem.Themoonisairless,andalthoughsomedatasuggesticefrozeninthesoilatitspoles,ithasneverhadliquidwateronitssurface.Inthevacuumofthelunarsurface,liquidwaterwouldboilawayrapidly.Mercurytooisairlessandcannothavehadliquidwateronitssurfaceforlongperiodsoftime.Venushassometracesofwatervaporinitsatmosphere,butitismuchtoohotforliquidwatertosurvive.Iftherewereanylakesoroceansofwateronitssurfacewhenitwasyoung,theymusthaveevaporatedquickly.Eveniflifebeganthere,notraceswouldbeleftnow.

Theinnersolarsystemseemstoohot,andtheoutersolarsystemseemstoocold.TheJovianplanetshavedeepatmospheres,andatacertainlevel,theyhavemoderatetemperatureswherewatermightcondenseintoliquiddroplets.Butitseemsunlikelythatlifecouldbeginthere.TheJovianplanetshavenosurfaceswhereoceanscouldnurturethebeginningoflife,andcurrentsintheatmosphereseemdestinedtocirculategasandwaterdropletsfromregionsofmoderatetemperaturetootherlevelsthataremuchtoohotortoocoldforlifetosurvive.

AfewofthesatellitesoftheJovianplanetsmighthavesuitableconditionsforlife.Jupiter’smoonEuropaseemstohavealiquid-wateroceanbelowitsicycrust,andmineralsdissolvedinthatwaterwouldprovidearichbrothofpossibilitiesforchemicalevolution.Nevertheless,Europaisnotapromisingsitetosearchforlifebecauseconditionsmaynothaveremainedstableforthebillionsofyearsneededforlifetoevolvebeyondthemicroscopicstage.IfJupiter’smoonsinteractgravitationallyandmodifytheirorbits,Europamayhavebeenfrozensolidatsomepointsinhistory.

Saturn’smoonTitanhasanatmosphereofnitrogen,argonandmethaneandmayhaveoceansofliquidmethaneandethaneonitssurface.Thechemistryoflifethatmightcrawlorswimonsuchaworldisunknown,butlifetheremaybeunlikelybecauseofthetemperature.ThesurfaceofTitanisadeadly-179°C(-290°F).Chemica)reactionsoccurslowlyornotatallatsuchlowtemperatures,sothechemicalevolutionneededtobeginlifemayneverhaveoccurredonTitan.

Marsisthemostlikelyplaceforlifeinoursolarsystem.Theevidence,however,isnotencouraging.MeteoriteALH84001wasfoundontheAntarcticicein1984.ItwasprobablypartofdebrisejectedintospacebyalargeimpactonMars.ALH84001isimportantbecauseateamofscientistsstudieditandannouncedin1996thatitcontainedchemicalandphysicaltracesofancientlifeonMars.

Scientistswereexcitedtoo,butbeingprofessionallyskeptical,theybegantestingtheresultsimmediately.Inmanycases,theresultsdidnotconfirmtheconclusionthatlifeonceexistedonMars.SomechemicalcontaminationfromwateronEarthhasoccurred,andsomechemicalsinthemeteoritemayhaveoriginatedwithoutthepresenceoflife.Thephysicalfeaturesthatlooklikefossilbacteriamaybemineralformationsintherock.

SpacecraftnowvisitingMarsmayhelpusunderstandthepasthistoryofwaterthereandpaintamoredetailedpictureofpresentconditions.Nevertheless,conclusiveevidencemayhavetowaituntilageologistinaspacesuitcanwanderthedrystreambedsofMarscrackingopenrocksandsearchingforfossils.

Wearelefttoconcludethat,sofarasweknow,oursolarsystemisbareoflifeexceptforEarth.Consequently,oursearchforlifeintheuniversetakesustootherplanetarysystems.

1.Thewordautomaticallyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthewateronVenusistrue?

3.HowwillscientistsconfirmtheexistenceoflifeonMars?

4.Accordingtoparagraph5,whywouldlifeonTitanbeimprobable?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectstheauthor’sopinionaboutlifeinoursolarsystem?

问题1选项

A.partially

B.actually

C.occasionally

D.naturally

问题2选项

A.Thewaterevaporatedbecauseofthehightemperatures.

B.Thewaterbecamefrozeninthepolarregions.

C.Onlyalittlewaterisleftinsmalllak