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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe21stcentury—conservation,sustainableresources,recycling,andrealcost,forexample.[D]Thoreaualsoarguedthatlarge-scaleeconomicdevelopmentcannotexistwithoutslavery.Headvocatedaninternal-market“naturaleconomy”inwhichtheindividualwouldcultivateonlyenoughlandtoprovideforpersonalneeds,retaineconomicindependencealongwiththedignitythatentailed,andenjoygreaterleisuretime.

Today,theinterrelatednessoftheglobaleconomyisforcingustorecognizethateconomicgrowthdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum.Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.Noweconomistsandecologistsoftenfindthemselvesoccupyingcommonground.Indeeditmaynolongerbepossibletolookateconomicdevelopmentasanactivitydivorcedfromitsenvironmentalandhumanconsequences.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedinparagraph2?

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

7.Accordingtothepassage,itwasAdamSmith’sargumentthat().

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

8.Whichofthefollowingwasmentionedasaconsequenceofpeoplemovingfromthecountrysidetothecity?

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthecommonlyheldviewofKarlMarxironic?

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

10.Thewordrampantisclosestinmeaningto().

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitthathasresultedfromfreemarketcapitalism?

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

12.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

问题1选项

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

问题2选项

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

问题3选项

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

问题4选项

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

问题5选项

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

问题6选项

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

问题7选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:C

【解析】6.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.(城市居民打工族开始出现,工厂批量生产出低价商品,销往海外。),说明工厂产出低价商品在海外市场销售,由此可知外销市场在自由市场经济体制下一开始就是发展的基础。因此A选项“在其初始阶段,资本主义自由市场经济依赖于出口”正确。B选项“为海外市场生产是资本主义自由市场经济发展的第二个阶段”,C选项“出口市场对资本主义自由市场经济的发展并不像国内市场那样关键”与原文表述的意思相反,所以B,C错误。D选项“各国政府积极推动出口市场的扩大,以增加国家财富”,原文没有说到政府在整个经济发展过程里所扮演的角色,所以D错误。

7.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句an“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(他认为有一只由自我利益操控的“看不见的手”指引着自由经济),说明亚当•史密斯认为个人利益就像一只隐形的手,可以指引自由市场经济,也就是说自由市场经济不需要政府的干预,可以自我调节。因此C选项“资本主义自由市场经济可以自行调节”正确。A选项“资本主义自由市场经济需要一些政府的监管”,由原文onewithnogovernmentinterference(这是一只不掺有政府干预的手)可知,自由市场经济不需要政府的监管,所以A错误。B选项“工人在资本主义自由市场经济中被不公平地利用了”,由原文offeringthefairestcompensationtotheworker(为工人提供最公平的补偿)可知,这样的体系也将为工人带来最公平的待遇,所以B错误。D选项“资本主义自由市场经济需要被其他类型的经济体系所平衡”,由原文可知,史密斯的理论并未提及其他的经济体系,所以D错误。

8.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段倒数第二句Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.(这样导致以前工作在牧场的农奴似的人民现在发现自己依旧在工厂里如奴隶一般工作,领着可怜巴巴的薪水。),说明原来在乡下过着奴役般生活的人们移居到城市,结果仍然受到压迫,生活一点也没有改善。因此C选项“工人的生活条件没有改善”正确。A选项“他们中许多人的生活质量得到了提高”与原文表述的意思相反,所以A错误。B选项“不同种族和民族群体之间发生了冲突”,D选项“劳动者离开农村的迁移严重损害了农业生产力”在文中没有提及,所以B,D错误。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.(这是非常讽刺的,被人们认为是资本主义宿敌的马克思对于经济增长持相当传统的观念;马克思同意史密斯的观点,即经济增长是为人们所需要且必须的,但是他认为财富分配并没有达到应有的公平。),说明马克思一般被认定是资本主义的反对者,但具有讽刺意味的是,他对资本主义的看法却是传统的;他只是反对财富分配的方式,而非全面否定经济发展的价值。因此C选项“他同意一些资本主义原则”正确。A选项“他是自由市场资本主义的早期反对者”,原文没有说到是早期的反对者,所以A错误。B选项“他认为资本主义是不公平的”,D选项“他反映了梭罗的观点”在文中没有提及,所以B,D错误。

10.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“rampant”可以定位到文中最后一段第三句Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.(另外,人口过剩、污染和气候变化等不受欢迎的经济迅猛增长的副产品已经把世界带到生态危机的边缘。),说明“rampant”在文中是指“猖獗、凶猛”的意思。因此D选项“不受约束”正确。A选项“理性”,B选项“适度”,C选项“规范”均不符合题意,所以A,B,C错误。

11.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第二句Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.(在过去的两百年里,自由市场经济模式给许多人带来了丰富的物质财富,以及医学、科学和技术方面的革命性进步。),说明自由市场资本主义带来的好处有物质财富、医学进步、科技发展,所以A选项“更好的医疗服务”,C选项“科学的进步”,D选项“物质的丰富”都属于自由市场资本主义带来的好处,排除A,C,D。B选项“人口膨胀”,由原文可知,人口过多是自由市场资本主义带来的危害,因此本题选B。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.(在他的观念里,这是一套完全不自由的经济系统。)讲的是某个人强烈反对自由市场经济体系的看法,C处前文说到梭罗反对“自由市场”,那么下文应该进一步解释说明文意,提供更多证据。因此该句放在C处最合适。

2.单选题

Youwillhavetoworkhardto(

thetimeyoulost.

问题1选项

A.makeuseof

B.makeupfor

C.makewayof

D.makeroomfor

【答案】B

【解析】makeuseof利用;makeupfor弥补,补偿;makewayfor让路,为...开路;makeroomfor为...腾出空位。句意:你必须努力工作来弥补你失去的时间。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandsleepdeprivation.

B.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandsleepdeprivation.

C.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandphysicalexercise.

D.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandphysicalexercise.

问题2选项

A.Morethan68000.

B.Morethan60800.

C.Morethan60080.

D.Morethan60008.

问题3选项

A.Seven-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanfive-hourones.

B.Five-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethanseven-hourones.

C.Short-sleeperswere15%morelikelytobecomeobese.

D.Short-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanlongsleepers.24.

问题4选项

A.Overeatingamongthesleep-deprived.

B.Littleexerciseamongthesleep-deprived.

C.Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.

D.Highermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.25.

问题5选项

A.Exerciseeveryday.

B.Takedietpills.

C.Goonadiet.

D.Sleepmore.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】Here’sadreamyweight-lossplan:takeanap.That’sthemessagefromworkbySanjayPatelatCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio.(21)(22)(23)Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight.

Controllingforotherdifferencesbetweenthegroups,Patelfoundthatwomenwhoslept5hoursorlessgained0.7kilogramsmoreonaverageover10yearsthan7-hoursleepers.Theshort-sleepinggroupwasalso32percentmorelikelytohavegained15kilogramsormore,and15percentmorelikelytohavebecomeobese.

Significantly,theshort-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanthosewhoslept7hours,saysPatel,whopresentedhisresultsthisweekattheAmericanThoracicSocietyInternationalConferenceinSanDiego,California.Thisfindingoverturnsthecommonviewthatovereatingamongthesleep-deprivedexplainssuchweightdifferences.

(24)Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleepmaybethereasonbehindtheweightgain,Patelsuggests.(25)“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight,”hesays.

21.WhatdidPatel’sstudyindicate?

【解析】根据录音内容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知,应该讲的是睡眠不足与体重增加的问题。故选B。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidPatelhaveinhisstudy?

【解析】根据录音内容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfound...”可知,受试对象超过68000。故选A。

23.AccordingtoPatel’sstudy,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

【解析】根据录音内容“Hisstudyofmorethan68000womenhasfoundthatthosewhosleeplessthan5hoursanightgainmoreweightovertimethanthosewhosleep7hoursanight”可知,A选项恰与之意思相反。故选A。

24.AccordingtoPatel,whatmightbethereasonbehindtheweightdifferences?

【解析】根据录音内容“Lowermetabolicratebehindtheweightgain”可知,由于睡眠时间少而导致的代谢缓慢可能是体重增加的原因。故选C。

25.WhatsuggestionwillPatelgivetothosewhowanttoloseweight?

【解析】根据录音内容“Itobviouslyalsosuggeststhatgettingpeopletosleepmoremightbearelativelyeasywaytohelppeopleloseweight”可知,对于要减肥的人们来说,多睡会儿可能会起作用。故选D。

4.单选题

Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,buthewasobstinate.Elainesawthisasanactofsheerdefiance.Shewasincensed,herangerexacerbatedbythefactthatJustinhadbreezedintothehouse,foundherinthekitchen,takenoffhisshirtwithasmileandsaid,“Gotit!”“No,Justin.Letmetellwhatyou'vegot,”Elainesaidangrily.“You'vegotfiveminutestogoupstairsandpackabag.IamtakingyoutoPop-Pop's.”TheridetoPop-Pop’shousewaschilly,tosaytheleast.ElaineberatedJustinforeverythingshecouldthinkof,whichwasn’tmuchbecausehewasastraightAseniorwithafullacademicscholarshiptohistopcollegepick.Hehadakindheartandstartedafoundationintheninthgrade,whichdonatedusedsportingequipmenttounderprivilegedkidsinSouthAfrica.Elainepulleduptoherfather’sdoorandorderedJustinout.Not10minuteslater,hercellphonerang.“Elaine,haveyoulostit?Youarekickingaboyasgoodashimoutthehouseforatattoo-thatsays‘Blessed’,noless?”herfatherasked,incredulous.“Youwillmisshimsomuch.Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface,Elaine.Comepickthisyoungmanup.”Elaine,havinggrownupobeyingmostofherparents’demands,turnedhercararoundandwentbacktopickupherson.Justinwassurprisinglycontrite.“Sorryforbeingsodisrespectful,Mom,”hesaidearnestly.“Iwilltrytofollowhouserulesfromnowon.”

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?

问题1选项

A.“HouseRules”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”

C.“StraightA’s”

D.“BodyPiercings”

问题2选项

A.cautiouslyjubilant

B.willfullydefiant

C.convincinglycontrite

D.noticeablymelodramatic

问题3选项

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.

问题4选项

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?1.什么标题最适合这篇文章?

A.“HouseRules”A.“家规”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”B.“拜访爷爷”

C.“StraightA’s”C.“优等生”

D.“BodyPiercings”D.“身体穿刺”

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据文章首尾两句“贾斯汀的妈妈伊莱恩自信满满地定下了家里的规矩”,以及“从现在开始,我会尽量遵守家里的规矩”,可以知道,首尾两句都提到了houserules(家规)这个词语,可见本文主要是围绕家规展开的。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“‘拜访爷爷’”、C项“‘优等生’”和D项“‘身体穿刺’”都是文中的细节,不是主旨,属于以偏概全。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?2.当贾斯汀给他妈妈看纹身时,他是什么态度?

A.cautiouslyjubilantA.谨慎地高兴

B.willfullydefiantB.故意挑衅

C.convincinglycontriteC.令人信服地忏悔

D.noticeablymelodramaticD.引人注目地夸张

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第六、七、八句“不,贾斯汀不笨,但他很固执(obstinate)。伊莱恩认为这是公然的挑衅(anactofsheerdefiance)。她被激怒了,贾斯汀轻快地走进房子(Justinhadbreezedintothehouse),发现她在厨房里,他脱下了衬衫,微笑着(withasmile)说,‘知道了!’”,由Justinhadbreezedintothehouse(贾斯汀轻快地走进房子)和withasmile(带着微笑)可以看出,贾斯汀的态度是任性固执又带有挑衅的,B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“谨慎地高兴”和D项“引人注目地夸张”根据解题思路可知,该两项不符合原文,属于曲解原文;

C项“令人信服地忏悔”,是贾斯汀去了爷爷家之后的态度,不复合题干,属于张冠李戴。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?3.以下哪一个细节不能让读者同情贾斯汀?

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.A.他被描述为固执。

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.B.他被描绘成一个善良的人。

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.C.他被描述成一个优等生。

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.D.他获得了大学全额奖学金。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据原文可知,贾斯汀是一个心地善良的人,每门学科都拿A,获得了全额奖学金,这些都是他的优点,能够引起读者的同情,但他固执这一点,无法引起读者的同情,所以本题选A项“他被描述为固执”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】B项“他被描绘成一个善良的人”、C项“他被描述成一个优等生”和D项“他获得了大学全额奖学金”,根据解题思路可知,这三项都是让读者同情的地方,属于反向干扰。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?4.下面哪一项是对段落中划线习语的最佳诠释?

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.A.说一些并不坏的事情。

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.B.试图教一些太难的东西。

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.C.爱一个人不是因为他所做的事。

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.D.在报复的过程中伤害了自己。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到划线句子所在处,即文章倒数第五句“不要割下自己的鼻子来和脸过不去(Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface)”,结合上下文语境:贾斯汀因为纹身惹恼了妈妈,妈妈生气地把车开到爷爷家,将贾斯汀赶下车自己走了。爷爷打来电话告诉贾斯汀的妈妈:这么优秀的孩子,你会十分想念他的。由此可以推断,划线句意为不要为了报复反而伤害了自己。选项D符合原文。

【干扰项排除】A项“说一些并不坏的事情”、B项“试图教一些太难的东西”和C项“爱一个人不是因为他所做的事”根据解题思路可知,属于曲解原文。

5.单选题

Itisknowntoallthatchildreninthisregionhavestrong()toswimminginsummer

becauseofthehotweather.

问题1选项

A.inclination

B.exposure

C.flux

D.correlation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。inclination倾向;exposure暴露;flux涨潮;熔化;correlation相互关

系,相关性。句意:由于夏天天热,这个地区的孩子对于游泳都有强烈的。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Themanhadto()theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

问题1选项

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕,包围”;B选项circle“盘旋,环绕……移动”;C选项observe“观察,遵守”;D选项view“观察,考虑”。句意:为了熟悉飞机的操纵,这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。

7.不定项选择题

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateisthechairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront,Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreasetoS17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglikeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatinthefaceofanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholder’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,”saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor______.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Levin,accordingtothetext,isprobably______.

4.Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman______.

5.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe______.

问题1选项

A.itsself-examinationofsoul

B.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

问题2选项

A.SteveRossisnolongeralive.

B.GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.

C.LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.

D.TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.

问题3选项

A.adefendantofrapmusic

B.apioneerofstreetculture

C.anadvocateofmusicreform

D.anopponentofmusicinnovation

问题4选项

A.changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjection

B.softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicy

C.receivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberboard

D.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

问题5选项

A.ADebateonMoralDecline

B.AFormofCreativeFreedom

C.ALawfulOutletofStreetCulture

D.ACompanyunderFire

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor______.1.参议员罗伯特•多尔指责时代华纳公司______。

A.itsself-examinationofsoulA.对灵魂的反省

B.itsemphasisoncreativefreedomB.对创作自由的强调

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibilityC.对社会责任的忽视

D.itsraisingofthecorporatestockpriceD.对抬高公司股价的行为

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段的内容“没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。参议员罗伯特•多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说:‘难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子不成?’”可知,多尔指责的是该公司带来的社会影响;然后根据第三段最后一句中公司董事长莱文的话“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由”,也就是说强调创作自由,而后第四段莱文改变态度,倒数第二句提到“但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题”,可见,多尔参议员所指责的正是公司的音乐作品所带来的不良社会影响,即忽视了社会责任,故该题选择C项“对社会责任的忽视”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“对灵魂的反省”,第一段倒数第二句指出“对时代沃纳公司来说,多尔所质疑的问题只不过是公司自1990年创立以来一直所进行的自我反省(soul-searching)的最新表述”可知,多尔质疑的这些问题是该公司对自身的反省,但并不是多尔真正指责的地方,该项曲解原文;

B项“对创作自由的强调”根据解题思路来看,多尔并没有关心该公司的创作自由,而是该公司董事长莱文关注的重点,该项张冠李戴;

D项“对抬高公司股价的行为”根据解题思路来看,多尔关心的并不是该公司的经济状况,该项出处错位。

2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?2.根据文章,下列哪个选项是正确的?

A.SteveRossisnolongeralive.A.斯蒂夫•罗斯已经去世了。

B.GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.B.杰拉尔德•莱文很容易妥协。

C.LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.C.卢斯是时代华纳的发言人。

D.TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.D.面对这场争论,时代华纳团结一致。

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫•罗斯(thelateSteveRoss)的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德•莱文是争论的焦点人物”可知,前董事长斯蒂夫•罗斯已经去世了,其中late表示“迟到的,已故的”,一般来讲,该词加在人名或称呼前时译作“已故的”,所以该题选择A项“斯蒂夫•罗斯已经去世了”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“杰拉尔德•莱文很容易妥协”根据第三段最后一句莱文所说的话“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”可以看出,莱文并非是个易于妥协的人,该项属于反向干扰;

C项“卢斯是时代华纳的发言人”,根据最后一段第二三句“但内部人士(insiders)表示,他们中的一些人已经表达了对此事的担忧。鲁斯说,我们中的一些人多年来早就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制,我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点。”可知,他的话说明了公司领导内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上的不同看法、也暗含着对公司一贯政策(过于强调创作自由)的批评;可见,他并非公司指派的发言人,而仅代表自己,该项曲解原文;

D项“面对这场争论,时代华纳团结一致”根据C项的解题思路可知,时代华纳公司内部并非团结一致的,该项曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Levin,accordingtothetext,isprobably______.3.根据文章,莱文可能是______。

A.adefendantofrapmusicA.说唱音乐的被告人

B.apioneerofstreetcultureB.街头文化的先驱

C.anadvocateofmusicreformC.音乐改革的倡导者

D.anopponentofmusicinnovationD.音乐创新的反对者

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“莱文一向以它(说唱音乐)是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐”和第三句“1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后备受谴责时,莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式,它应该有自己的宣泄途径”可知,莱文对于说唱音乐是非常拥护的,并且他认为这是街头文化的一种合法表达方式,综合理解可以推断,莱文可能是街头文化的先驱者,所以B项“街头文化的先驱”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“说唱音乐的被告人”根据解题思路可知,莱文是支持说唱音乐的,不可能成为其被告人,该项属于反向干扰;

C项“音乐改革的倡导者”,原文没有提及音乐改革,该项无中生有;

D项“音乐创新的反对者”根据第四段最后一句“莱文还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准”可知,莱文并不反对,反而很支持,该项属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

4.Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman______.4.面对最近对公司的攻击,董事长______。

A.changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjectionA.改变了态度,不再反对

B.softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicyB.语气变软,并采取了一些新政策

C.receivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberboardC.从15名董事会成员那里得到了

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