介词的考点归纳

资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月介词的考点归纳版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：介词的考点归纳：（重点记忆一些方位介词、时间介词、方式介词及一些介词短语）介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。

一、

介词的种类和介词短语的用法

1．

介词的种类

介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。

简单介词知识一个单词，如：in，on，after等。

短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成，如：out

of，in

front

of，because

of，instead

of等。2．介词短语的用法

①

作定语

介词短语作定语时，一律后置。

The

book

on

the

desk

in

mine.桌子上的书是我的。

He

bought

a

house

of

five

rooms.他买了一所有五个房间的房子。

A

gentleman

in

white

came

into

the

hall.一个身穿白衣的绅士走进了大厅。

②

作状语

介词短语作状语时，修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。

Classes

begin

at

eight.（修饰动词）八点钟开始上课。

Jane

looks

young

for

her

age.（修饰形容词）珍妮看起来比她的实际年龄年轻。

The

school

is

not

far

from

my

house.（修饰形容词）学校离我家不远。

To

my

surprise,

Li

Ming

passed

the

exam

at

all.（修饰全句）使我吃惊的是，李明居然考试及格了。

③

作表语

He

is

in

danger.他处于危险之中。

We

are

against/for

you.我们反对/支持你。

It

was

because

of

the

heavy

rain,

we

couldn’t

go

out.因为这场大雨，我们出不去了。

④

作宾语补足语Make

yourself

at

home.放松一些，就和在你自己家一样。

We

made

him

out

of

danger.我们使他脱离了危险。二．表示时间的介词

表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on

表示时间的前后用in，before，after

表示期限等用by，until，till

表示期间等用for，during，through

表示时间的起点等用from，since

表示时间的经过等用in，within1．at、in、on用在时间上的区别：A.at+钟点/时间点/时间某一时刻(at9:00,at

lunch,at

breakfast,at

noon,atnight,at

that

time,

at

the

moment)B.in+某年/某月/某年某月/某个季节/某个世纪/泛指的早上/下午/晚上in

the

morningin

the

afternoonin

the

eveningin

the

21st

centuryin

September;

in

Mayin1995in

the

holiday

in

summerC.on+日期/星期/具体的某一天/具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上on

Mondayon

Tuesday

morningon

May

4thon

a

cold

nightonasunnymorningon

the

night

of

July（the）first在七月一日的夜晚注意：表示时间的名词前有this，last，next，every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this

morning今天早上；last

Monday上周一；every

week每周巩固练习：选择用at、in、on填空：1．_______10:40 2．________20053．________June3,2014 4．_________theafternoon5．________May,2012 6．________winter7．________Friday 8．_______the21stcentury9．_______ahotsummernight10._________Saturdaymorning2．in、after、before用在时间上的区别：A.in在……后in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。He

will

be

back

in

two

months.

B.after在……后After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。He

will

arrive

after

four

o’clock.

He

returned

after

a

month.She

went

to

Nanjing

last

May，and

she

came

back

after

a

month.C.before在……前Wash

your

hands

before

dinner.巩固练习：选择用in、after填空：1．HerfathercamebackfromFrance________twoyears.2．MyparentswenttoShanghaiyesterdayandtheywillreturntoGuangzhou________threedays.3.by，until/till

区别A.by

在…前（时间）；截止（到）….How

many

English

books

had

you

read

by

the

end

of

last

year?

到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？

She

had

left

by

the

time

I

arrived.我到时（之前）她已经走了。

例：by

the

end

of在„„底（之前）

by

then

到那时

by

the

time+从句

在„„之前

B.until/till直到…为止（时间）He

didn't

go

to

sleep

until/till

12

last

night.

We

didn’t

begin

to

watch

TV

until/till

nine

o’clock.4.for，during，through

区别A.

for

达…之久（表示经过了多少时间）

可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。

He

has

lived

here

for

20

years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。

We

will

stay

in

the

city

for

two

days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。

B.

during在…期间

(后决不能跟表数字的名词)they

are

going

to

have

a

good

rest

during

the

summer

holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。

C.

through一直…（从开始到结束）

They

played

the

cards

through

the

night.他们打了一整夜的牌。

He

stayed

in

London

through

the

winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。5.from，since区别A.

from从…起（时间）

表示“从…开始”时，一般都是用词组from„to„，The

meeting

will

be

held

from

eight

to

ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。

B.

since自从…以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）用于现在完成时后跟时间点

I

have

been

sick

since

yesterday.TomhasplayedthepianosinceJanuary.6.in，withinA.

in过…后（未来时间）

大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。

in

an

hour一小时之后

in

a

week

or

so大约一星期之后

he

will

be

back

in

five

hours.他五小时之后回来。

They

said

they

would

arrive

here

in

a

week.他们说他们一周后到达。

B.

within不超过…的范围

强调“在„„时间之内”，没有时态的限制within

3

hours

3小时之内；within

a

week一周之内

I

must

finish

painting

the

cat

within

five

minutes.三．表示方位介词表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，over，below,near，between，around表示方向的介词：into，out

of，along，across，through，up，past

1.at,

in,

on

at一般指小地方at

school；at

home；stand

at

the

door；at

a

factory；at

the

bus

stop；at

the

stationin一般指大地方或某个范围之内in

Beijing；in

the

world；in

China；in

the

street；in

bed；in

the

yardon往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。on

the

desk；on

the

map；on

the

screen；on

the

river；on

the

farm；on

the

floor巩固练习He

arrived_______

Shanghai

yesterday.

They

arrived

at

a

_______village

before

dark.

There

is

a

big

hole_______the

wall.

The

teacher

put

up

a

picture

_______

the

wall.

2．on、above、over、below、under这些方位介词的区别：on在……上面（与表面接触）There

are

two

maps

on

the

wall.above在……上面，表示在表面不接触的上方，不一定是正上方。Our

plane

flew

above

the

clouds.over在……上面，表示表面不接触的上方，指垂直在上的正上方。There

is

a

light

over

Li

Ming.below在……下面，指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，其反义词是above。There

are

a

lot

of

fishes

below

the

surface

of

the

water.under指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。The

dog

is

under

the

table.巩固练习：选择用on、above、over、below、under填空：1．Theywillbuildanewbridge________therivernearourschool.2．Becareful!Asnakeislying________theground!3．Villages,rivers,lakesarebecomingsmallerandsmaller________theplane.4．Afterhegotup,hedidn’tfindhisshoes________thebed.5．Todayisaniceday.Youcanseeblueskyandwhiteclouds________ourheads.3.along,cross,across,through,over,past,pass的用法区别：along介词。意思是“沿着”I

was

walking

along

the

river

when

it

began

to

rain.cross动词。意为“越过、渡过、横穿、横渡”(road,street,grass,river,bridge,dessert)across介词。表示从一边到另一边，在事物的表面“横过”、“越过”(road,street,grass,river,bridge,dessert)through介词。表示从内部空间“穿过”、“通过”(city,park,forest,window,door)over介词。意思是“越过”。从物体的一边到另一边Thedogjumpsoverthefence.Weclimboverthemountainatlast.pass动词“经过”（门外经过）Ipasstheparkpast介词“经过”（门外经过）Every

day

he

runs

past

the

city

hall.Iwalkpastthepark.巩固练习：选择cross、across或through填空：1．Thegirlhelpedtheoldmanwalk___________theroad.2．Thechildrenwalked_________thedooronebyoneintothecinema.3．Thecarran__________thebridgeandturnedrightintoapark.4．Abeautifulriverruns__________ourhometown.5．Hecouldswim__________theriverwhenhewasyoung.6．Whenthesunshinewent____________thewindowintohisbedroom,hefinishedwritinghisbookintheend.7．Don’t_________thebusystreetwhenthetrafficlightisred.8．Sheaskedherlittlesonnotto__________theriverbecauseitwasraininghard.9.The

dog

ran__________the

grass.

10.The

boy

swam__________the

river.

11.They

walked

__________the

forest.

12.I

pushed__________the

crowds.

4.in

front

of,

in

the

front

of区别in

front

of

表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in

the

front

of

表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。There

are

some

tall

trees

in

front

of

the

building.

The

teacher

is

sitting

in

the

front

of

the

classroom.

巩固练习1.Peteris_____________me.2.Thereisablackboardinthefrontofourclassroom.3.Thereisalakeinfrontofourclassroom.4.Theteacher'sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.5．between,among,around的区别：A.

between在两者之间

What’s

the

difference

between

A

and

B

My

teacher

is

sitting

between

Tom

and

Mike.B.

among后接人或物必须是三个或三个以上，在一群、一组或一个整体中间。There

is

a

beautiful

house

among

the

trees.He

is

very

popular

among

the

students.C.

around环绕，在…周围，在…四周

We

sat

around

the

table.

巩固练习：选择between,among,around填空：1．MissLialwaysstands___________thestudentsandteachesthemhowtolearnEnglish.2．Wewatchedafootballmatch__________JapanandChinayesterday.3．Sheisagirlwithfewwords___________herclassmates.4．Isawhimstanding___________thepeopleandsangsongsforthem.5．Themanhastofly__________GuangzhouandShanghai.6．Thereisalowwall__________thetworooms.7.The

earth

moves___________

the

sun.8.Therearemanytrees___________thehouse.四、其他介词1．表示手段和材料的介词with，in，by

A．in+语言/墨水/颜色/声调用in时，后面加物质名词，不能加冠词。She

wrote

a

letter

in

black

ink.

Don’t

write

it

in

pencil

but

in

ink.Can

you

speak

in

English

B.with+工具用……（工具）用“with”时，后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。Li

Li

cut

her

hand

with

a

knife.He

wrote

the

letter

with

his

new

penC．by+方式用……方式交通工具bycarbybus★一些固定的用法，如：inaway在某种程度上ina+adj.+way以……方式inthis/thatway用这种/那种方式intheway挡路bytheway顺便问问巩固练习：选择介词in、by、with填空：1．Don’ttalktotheoldman__________thisway.2．Helikesdrawingpictures__________apencil.3．__________theway,couldyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?

4．WecanimproveourEnglish_________listeningtosomeEnglishradioprogrammes.5．Hetoldhershecouldworkouttheproblem__________acleverway6．Shewasaskedtosingasong__________English.2．except/exceptfor/besides的区别A.except“除了……之外”（同一类别比较，但排除在外，后跟短语、从句）B.exceptfor“除了……之外”（不同类别比较，排除在外）C.besides“除了……之外还有”（包括在内，起强调作用,用法近似aswellas）巩固练习：用介词except/exceptfor/besides填空：1．Iwanttobuysomefood,somedrinks________somesmallpresentsforthecomingChildren’sDay.2．Everyoneishere________aboycalledJim.3．Allofourstudents________PetercanworkoutthisproblemthoughPeterisweakinmath.4．Thereisnothinginthebox________aletter.5．Hisarticleisverygood________afewspellingmistakes.五、介词短语

介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：

动词+介词

look

up查看，查（字典）；look

at注视；look

for寻找play

with

sth.玩某物（玩耍）；

think

of想起，想到；hear

from

sb.收到某人的信；

talk

about

sth.谈论某事；talk

to/with

sb.和某人谈论；listen

to倾听call

on

sb.拜访某人；

arrive

at/in

到达；take

care

of照顾；wait

for等待；agree

with

同意(某人)

arrive

at(in)

到达；ask

for

询问

；begin…with

从……开始；believe

in

相信

；break

into

闯入；

break

off

打断；break

out

爆发；breakup关系破裂；bring

down

降低；bring

in

引进；

bring

up

教育，培养

build

up

建立；call

back

回电话；

call

for

要求约请；

call

in

召来；

call

on

拜访

访问；

care

for

喜欢；

carry

on

继续开展

；carry

out

实行开展；

check

out

查明

结帐；clear

up

整理，收拾；

come

about

发生，产生

come

across

(偶然)遇见；come

out

出来

；come

to

共计

达到；compare…with

与……比较；

compare

to

比作；cut

off

切断

；depend

on

依靠；

dream

of

梦想；

fall

off

下降

；fall

over

跌倒

；

get

through

通过

；

give

in

让步，屈服；give

out

分发；

give

up

放弃

；go

abroad

出国

；go

through

浏览

grow

up

生长；

hear

about

听说

；

lead

to

导致

live

on

靠……为生；look

down

upon

看不起；

look

forward

to

盼望

；look

out

当心；

look(a)

round

仔细查看；set

up

建立；

show

off

炫耀

；

shut

up

住口

；speed

up

加速；

stick

to

坚持

；

think

of

考虑，想起；

try

out

试验

；turn

down

调低；

turn

off

关掉

；worry

about

担心2.

Be动词+形容词+介词

be

kind

to对（某人）亲切；be

good

at在„„做得好；擅长于；

be

late

for迟到；be

afraid

of害怕；be

sorry

for

sth.为„„抱歉；

be

absent

from缺席；be

proud

of以

…为自豪；

be

found

of

喜欢；

be

full

of

充满

be

interested

in

对…有兴趣

；

be

confident

in

对…有信心

；

be

short

of

缺乏

；be

tired

of

厌恶；be

proud

of

对…感到骄傲

be

worried

about

为…担心

be

aware

of

意识到；be

busy

with

忙于(某事)

；

be

different

from

和…不同

be

famous

for

因…而出名3.介词+名词

1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语：

at:

at

a

stretch

一连，连续地；

at

a

time

一次，每次；

at

ease

稍息，安心

；

at

first

最初，开始时

；

at

heart

在内心

；at

home

在家，随便

；at

last

最后

at

least

至少；at

length

最后,详细地

；at

most

至多

；

at

once

立即，同时

at

peace(war)

处于和平(战争)状态

；

at

play(work)

在玩耍(工作)

at

present

现在，目前

；

at

the

risk

of

冒…的风险

；at

the

same

time

(与此)同时

at

the

start

一开头；

at

the

time

此刻，这时

；by

accident

偶然

；

by

air

航空

；by

all

means

想一切办法；by

bus

(plane,

etc)

坐巴士(飞机等)

by

chance

偶然

；

by

cheque

用支票

；by

mistake

错误地，误把…

by

surprise

突然，出其不意

；

by

the

way

顺便说一in

a

sense

从某种意义上说

；

in

advance

事前

；

in

all

总共

in

case

要是，如果；

in

danger

处于危险中

in

debt

负债

；

in

demand

有需求

in

detail

详细地

；

in

fact

实际上

；in

general

一般说来

；in

one’s

opinion

在(某人)看来

in

part(s)

部分地

；

in

person

亲自

；

in

public(private)

公开(私下)地

in

regard

to

关于

；in

the

end

最后

；

in

the

middle

of

在…中间；

in

time

及时地，经过一段时on

fire

着火

；on

foot

步行

；on

holiday

在休假；

on

purpose

故意地

；on

sale

在出售

；

on

the

contrary

相反；

on

the

way

在路上

；

on

time

准时

on

the

top

of

在…上面；

out

of

danger

脱离危险；

out

of

doors

在户外；

out

of

fashion

不时新

out

of

reach

无法得到(拿到)

；out

of

work

失业练习题()1．---Whendidyourunclearrive_______China?

---HegottoGuangzhou_______themorningofthe16thofApril.A．at;in B．in;in C．to;on D．in;on()2．Itisbelievedthat_______December21st,1891,thefirstbasketballgameinhistorywasplayed.A．on B．in C．at D．by()3．YoucanimproveyourEnglish_______practisingmore.A．by B．with C．of D．in()4．Thisisadifficultproblem,but_______thesametimeitisveryinteresting.A．in B．at C．on D．for()5．Icouldn’tdoit_______yourgreathelp.Thanksalot!A．with B．without C．for D．to巩固练习：()1．---Whendidyouarrive______Guangzhou?

---Igothere______therainynightofthe10thofMarch.A．at;in B．in;in C．to;on D．in;on()2．Heoftengetsuplateandgoestoschool______breakfast.It’sbadforhishealth.A．with B．without C．have D．haven’t()3．Afterhewent______theforest,hegot_______abeautifulvillage.A．past;to B．across;to C．through;to D．cross;at()4．---Howsoonwillyourmothercomeback?

---Shesaidshewouldreturn______twohours.A．after B．in C．during D．for()5．---Listen!Someoneisknocking______thedoor.Whoisit?

---Maybeit’smyfriendMary.A．at B．in C．by D．for()6．---Didthechildrenhaveagoodtime_______thesummerholidays?

---Ofcourse!Andtheyreturned______theendoflastmonth.A．on;on B．at;at C．during;by D．during;at()7．---Tomorrowtherewillbeafootballmatch_____ourschoolandNo.6MiddleSchool.---Yes,weareallveryexcitedbecauseitisthelastmatch_____thetwentyschoolteams.A．between;among B．among;betweenC．both;between D．among;of()8．_____theageof20,hisfatherboughtanewcar______him.A．At;to B．At;for C．By;to D．In;for()9.

Children

get

gifts

____

Christmas

and

____

their

birthdays.

A.

on;

on

B.

at;

on

C.

in;

in

D.

in;

on

()10.There

is

nothing

______

tomorrow

afternoon,

is

there?

-No.

We

can

have

a

game

of

table

tennis.

A.

on

B.

in

C.

out

D.

up

()11.

A

lot

of

students

in

our

school

were

born

____

March,

1981.

A.

in

B.

at

C.

on

D.

since

()12.

He

suddenly

returned____

a

rainy

night.

A.

on

B.

at

C.

in

D.

during

()13.

My

grandfather

was

born

____

Oct.

10,

1935.

A.

on

B.

in

C.

at

D.

of()14.

The

train

is

starting

___

five

minutes.

A.

in

B.

at

C.

for

D.

still

()15.

Mike

does

his

exercises

____

seven

_____

the

evening.

A.

on;

to

B.

at;

in

C.

by;

of

D.

at;

on

()16.

The

population

of

the

world

has

grown

very

fast

____

four

hundred

years.

A.

for

past

the

B.

in

the

pass

C.

in

the

past

D.

for

past

()17.

We

returned

to

our

hometown___.

A.

next

week

B.

in

the

last

week

C.

last

week

D.

for

a

week

()18.

Great

changes

have

taken

place___.

A.

in

the

last

few

year

B.

in

the

last

few

years

C.

last

year

D.

on

the

last

year

()19.

Children

wake

up

very

early

____

the

morning

of

Christmas

Day.

A.

in

B.

on

C.

for

D.

at

()20.

____

a

cold

winter

morning,

I

met

her

in

the

street.

A.

In

B.

On

C.

At

D.

For

13.

()21.It

happened

to

be

very

cold____

the

morning

of

our

sports

meet.

A.

at

B.

on

C.

with

D.

of

()22.

Why

did

you

get

up

so

early

___

this

morning.

A.

on

B.

/

C.

at

D.

in介词专题练习

()1.

Children

get

gifts

____

Christmas

and

____

their

birthdays.

A.

on;

on

B.

at;

on

C.

in;

in

D.

in;

on

()2.There

is

nothing

tomorrow

afternoon,

is

there?

-No.

We

can

have

a

game

of

table

tennis.

A.

on

B.

in

C.

out

D.

up

()3.

A

lot

of

students

in

our

school

were

born

____

March,

1981.

A.

in

B.

at

C.

on

D.

since

()4.

He

suddenly

returned____

a

rainy

night.

A.

on

B.

at

C.

in

D.

during

()5.

My

grandfather

was

born

____

Oct.

10,

1935.

A.

on

B.

in

C.

at

D.

of

()6.

The

train

is

starting

___

five

minutes.

A.

in

B.

at

C.

for

D.

still

()7.

Mike

does

his

exercises

____

seven

_____

the

evening.

A.

on;

to

B.

at;

in

C.

by;

of

D.

at;

on

()8.

The

population

of

the

world

has

grown

very

fast

____

four

hundred

years.

A.

for

past

the

B.

in

the

pass

C.

in

the

past

D.

for

past

()9.

We

returned

to

our

hometown___.

A.

next

week

B.

in

the

last

week

C.

last

week

D.

for

a

week

()10.

Great

changes

have

taken

place___.

A.

in

the

last

few

year

B.

in

the

last

few

years

C.

last

year

D.

on

the

last

year

()11.

Children

wake

up

very

early

____

the

morning

of

Christmas

Day.

A.

in

B.

on

C.

for

D.

at

()12.

____

a

cold

winter

morning,

I

met

her

in

the

street.

A.

In

B.

On

C.

At

D.

For

()13.

It

happened

to

be

very

cold____

the

morning

of

our

sports

meet.

A.

at

B.

on

C.

with

D.

of()14.

Why

did

you

get

up

so

early

___

this

morning.

A.

on

B.

/

C.

at

D.

in

()15.

He

went

to

Shanghai___

September

3,

1991

and

came

back___

a

cold

morning

last

year.

()A.

in;

on

B.

on;

in

C.

on;

on

D.

in;

in

()16.

Lucy

was

born____

the

night

of

May

12,

1984.A.

on

B.

in

C.

at

D.

to

()17.

Mrs

Brown

came

to

China

____

1996.

A.

on

B.

of

C.

to

D.

in

()18.

___

the

morning

of

November

20,

1915,

the

workers

came

to

Chicago

to

show

themourning

___

Joe

Hill.

A.

On;

to

B.

In;

of

.

C.

On;

for

D.

At;

for

()19.

Ann

moved

___

Hangzhou

___

September,

1992.

A.

/;

in

B.

to;

in

C.

to;

on

D,

in;

in

()20.

They

started

off

___

an

autumn

afternoon.

A.

during

B.

at

C.

in

D.

on

()21.

He

often

goes

____

school

____

six

thirty

____

the

morning.

A.

for;

to;

in

B.

to;

at

in

C.

to;

for;

at

D,

for;

at;

to

()22.

He

arrived

___

Shanghai

___

9:

30

___

March

5.

A.

at;

in;

at

B.

to;

on;

at

C.

in;

on;

at

D.

in;

at;

on

()23.

The

English

teacher

told

me

to

get

there____

half

past

ten.

A:

in

B.

at

C.

on

D.

of

()24.

The

children

get

up

___

6

o'clock.

A.

at

B.

on

C.

during

D.

in()25.

The

doctor

worked___

five

hours___

a

rest.

A.

for;

with

B.

on;

without

C.

about;

having

D.

for;

without

()26.

I

worked

on

the

problem

____

a

long

time

and

I

worked

it

out____

myself____

last.

A.

for;

by;

at

B.

in;

with;

on

C.

on;

by;

in

D.

for;

for;

at

the

()27.

A

new

factory

will

be

set

up___

a

year.

A.

for

B.

in

C.

after

D.

on

()28.

Two

years___

he

began

to

write

another

story-book.

A.

after

B.

later

C.

in

D.

late

(