第一次世界大战-英文课件-World-War-I

WorldWarIWorldWarI1InevitabilityofwarJune28,1914ArchdukeFrancisFerdinandofAustriaassassinatedJuly5,1914GermanyissuesA-H“blankcheck”pledgingmilitaryassistanceifA-HgoestowaragainstRussiaJuly23,1914AustriaissuesSerbiaanultimatumInevitabilityofwarJune28,12TheinevitabilityofwarJuly28,1914A-HdeclareswaronSerbiaJuly29,1914RussiaordersfullmobilizationofitstroopsAugust1,1914GermanydeclareswaronRussiaAugust2,1914GermanydemandsBelgiumdeclareaccesstoGermantroopsTheinevitabilityofwarJuly23“Belgiumisacountry,notaroad”KingAlbertIofBelgiumdeniedpermissionAugust2,1914GermanydeclaredwaronFranceWhy???TheSchlieffenPlan!August4,1914GreatBritaindeclaredwaronGermanyforviolatingBelgianneutrality“Belgiumisacountry,notar4第一次世界大战-英文课件-World-War-I51914–1915IllusionsandStalemateManyEuropeanswereexcitedaboutwar“Defendyourselfagainsttheaggressors”Domesticdifferenceswereputaside1914–1915IllusionsandStal61914–1915IllusionsandStalemateWarwouldbeoverinafewweeksIgnoredthelengthandbrutalityoftheAmericanCivilWar (prototypetoWorldWarI)1914–1915IllusionsandStal71914–1915IllusionsandStalemateBeliefthatModernindustrialwarcouldnotbeconductedformorethanafewmonths“HomebyChristmas”1914–1915IllusionsandStal81914–1915IllusionsandStalemate“Fatalattractionofwar”ExhilaratingreleasefromeverydaylifeAgloriousadventureWarwouldridthenationsofselfishnessSparkanationalre-birthbasedonheroism1914–1915IllusionsandStal9TheSchlieffenPlan’s

DestructiveNatureTheSchlieffenPlan’s

Destruc10TheSchlieffenPlanInvadewesternfront1stAfterdefeatingFranceconcentrateontheEasternfrontAvoidfightinga2frontwarTheSchlieffenPlanInvadewest11TheSchlieffenPlan’s

DestructiveNatureGermanymadevastencirclingmovementthroughBelgiumtoenterParisUnderestimatedspeedoftheBritishmobilizationQuicklysenttroopstoFranceTheSchlieffenPlan’s

Destruc12TheSchlieffenPlan’s

DestructiveNatureSept6-10,1914BattleofMarneStoppedtheGermansbutFrenchtroopswereexhaustedBothsidesdugtrenchesforshelterSTALEMATETheSchlieffenPlan’s

Destruc13TheTrenchesTrenchesdugfromEnglishChanneltoSwitzerland6,250miles6to8feetdeepImmobilizedbothsidesfor4yearsTheTrenchesTrenchesdugfrom14TheTrenchesTheTrenches15第一次世界大战-英文课件-World-War-I16第一次世界大战-英文课件-World-War-I17LifeintheTrenchesElaboratesystemsofdefensebarbedwireConcretemachinegunnestsMortarbatteriesTroopslivedinholesundergroundLifeintheTrenchesElaborate18LifeintheTrenchesBoredomSoldiersreadtopassthetimeSarahBernhardtcameouttothefronttoreadpoetrytothesoldiersLifeintheTrenchesBoredom19“Deathiseverywhere”“Weallhadonusthestenchofdeadbodies.”Deathnumbedthesoldier’sminds.ShellshockPsychologicaldevastation“Deathiseverywhere”“Weallh20“Deathiseverywhere”MustardgasCarriedbythewindBurnedoutsoldier’slungsDeadlyinthetrenches

whereitwould

sitatthebottom“Deathiseverywhere”Mustardg21LifeintheTrenchesTrenchwarfarebaffledmilitaryleadersAttemptabreakthroughThenreturntoawarofmovementMillionsofyoungmensacrificedattemptingthebreakthroughLifeintheTrenchesTrenchwar22BattleofVerdun10months700,000menkilledBattleofVerdun10months23BattleofVerdun10months700,000menkilledBattleofVerdun10months24ThechangesofwarNewweaponscrippledthe“frozenfront”Poisongas(mustardgas)HandgrenadesFlamethrowersTanksAirplanesTanksSubsThechangesofwarNewweapons25ThechangesofwarAirplanesDogfightsintheairBombinginaccurateRomanticizedthebattlefieldsParisandLondonbombedPilotsfiredpistolsandthrewhandgrenadesThechangesofwarAirplanes26TheEasternFrontRussianarmymovedintoEasternGermanyonAugust30,1914DefeatedTheAustrianskickedoutofSerbiaItaliansattackedAustriain1915G.cametoAustrianaidandpushedRussiansback300milesintoownterritoryTheEasternFrontRussianarmy27TheEasternFrontMuchmoremobilemorethantheWestButlossoflifestillveryhigh1915:2.5millionRussianskilled,captured,orwoundedTheEasternFrontMuchmoremob28TheEasternFrontGermanyandAustriaHungaryjoinedbyBulgariainSept.1915AttackedandeliminatedSerbiafromwarTheEasternFrontGermanyandA29TheHomeFrontWomentookwarfactoryjobsReceivedlowerwagesthanmalesFoodshortagesmaderunningahouseholddifficultTheHomeFrontWomentookwarf30TheHomeFrontCensorshipNottoldabouthighdeathtollRomanticizedthebattlefields“soldiershavediedabeautifuldeath,innoblebattle,weshallrediscoverpoetry…epicandchivalrous”TheHomeFrontCensorship31TheHomeFrontCensorship“Newspapersdescribedtroopsasitchingtogooverthetop.”“Governmentreportedtothepressthatlifeinthetrenchespromotedgoodhealthandclearair”TheHomeFrontCensorship32TheHomeFront“OnLeave”TroopswouldstaytogethersotheycouldsympathizewitheachotherTheHomeFront“OnLeave”33TheHomeFrontImpossibletohidedeathWomeninmourningBadlywoundedsoldiersreturnedhomeOppositionbegantoemergeTheHomeFrontImpossibletohi34Thewarends1917–Russiasurrenders(aseparatepeace)U.S.joinsthewarontheAlliedsideNov.11,1918ArmisticeThewarends1917–Russiasurr35DeathTollofWarAlliedPowersCentralPowers42millionserved23millionserved22millioncasualties15millioncasualtiesDeathTollofWarAlliedPowers36SocialImpactMenlostlimbsandweremutilatedBirthratefellmarkedlyInvalidsunabletoworkEthnichostilityInfluenzaepidemicSocialImpactMenlostlimbsan37Psychologicalimpact“Neversuchinnocenceagain”BitternesstowardsaristocraticofficerswhoseliveswereneverindangerPsychologicalimpact“Neversuc38WorldWarIWorldWarI39InevitabilityofwarJune28,1914ArchdukeFrancisFerdinandofAustriaassassinatedJuly5,1914GermanyissuesA-H“blankcheck”pledgingmilitaryassistanceifA-HgoestowaragainstRussiaJuly23,1914AustriaissuesSerbiaanultimatumInevitabilityofwarJune28,140TheinevitabilityofwarJuly28,1914A-HdeclareswaronSerbiaJuly29,1914RussiaordersfullmobilizationofitstroopsAugust1,1914GermanydeclareswaronRussiaAugust2,1914GermanydemandsBelgiumdeclareaccesstoGermantroopsTheinevitabilityofwarJuly241“Belgiumisacountry,notaroad”KingAlbertIofBelgiumdeniedpermissionAugust2,1914GermanydeclaredwaronFranceWhy???TheSchlieffenPlan!August4,1914GreatBritaindeclaredwaronGermanyforviolatingBelgianneutrality“Belgiumisacountry,notar42第一次世界大战-英文课件-World-War-I431914–1915IllusionsandStalemateManyEuropeanswereexcitedaboutwar“Defendyourselfagainsttheaggressors”Domesticdifferenceswereputaside1914–1915IllusionsandStal441914–1915IllusionsandStalemateWarwouldbeoverinafewweeksIgnoredthelengthandbrutalityoftheAmericanCivilWar (prototypetoWorldWarI)1914–1915IllusionsandStal451914–1915IllusionsandStalemateBeliefthatModernindustrialwarcouldnotbeconductedformorethanafewmonths“HomebyChristmas”1914–1915IllusionsandStal461914–1915IllusionsandStalemate“Fatalattractionofwar”ExhilaratingreleasefromeverydaylifeAgloriousadventureWarwouldridthenationsofselfishnessSparkanationalre-birthbasedonheroism1914–1915IllusionsandStal47TheSchlieffenPlan’s

DestructiveNatureTheSchlieffenPlan’s

Destruc48TheSchlieffenPlanInvadewesternfront1stAfterdefeatingFranceconcentrateontheEasternfrontAvoidfightinga2frontwarTheSchlieffenPlanInvadewest49TheSchlieffenPlan’s

DestructiveNatureGermanymadevastencirclingmovementthroughBelgiumtoenterParisUnderestimatedspeedoftheBritishmobilizationQuicklysenttroopstoFranceTheSchlieffenPlan’s

Destruc50TheSchlieffenPlan’s

DestructiveNatureSept6-10,1914BattleofMarneStoppedtheGermansbutFrenchtroopswereexhaustedBothsidesdugtrenchesforshelterSTALEMATETheSchlieffenPlan’s

Destruc51TheTrenchesTrenchesdugfromEnglishChanneltoSwitzerland6,250miles6to8feetdeepImmobilizedbothsidesfor4yearsTheTrenchesTrenchesdugfrom52TheTrenchesTheTrenches53第一次世界大战-英文课件-World-War-I54第一次世界大战-英文课件-World-War-I55LifeintheTrenchesElaboratesystemsofdefensebarbedwireConcretemachinegunnestsMortarbatteriesTroopslivedinholesundergroundLifeintheTrenchesElaborate56LifeintheTrenchesBoredomSoldiersreadtopassthetimeSarahBernhardtcameouttothefronttoreadpoetrytothesoldiersLifeintheTrenchesBoredom57“Deathiseverywhere”“Weallhadonusthestenchofdeadbodies.”Deathnumbedthesoldier’sminds.ShellshockPsychologicaldevastation“Deathiseverywhere”“Weallh58“Deathiseverywhere”MustardgasCarriedbythewindBurnedoutsoldier’slungsDeadlyinthetrenches

whereitwould

sitatthebottom“Deathiseverywhere”Mustardg59LifeintheTrenchesTrenchwarfarebaffledmilitaryleadersAttemptabreakthroughThenreturntoawarofmovementMillionsofyoungmensacrificedattemptingthebreakthroughLifeintheTrenchesTrenchwar60BattleofVerdun10months700,000menkilledBattleofVerdun10months61BattleofVerdun10months700,000menkilledBattleofVerdun10months62ThechangesofwarNewweaponscrippledthe“frozenfront”Poisongas(mustardgas)HandgrenadesFlamethrowersTanksAirplanesTanksSubsThechangesofwarNewweapons63ThechangesofwarAirplanesDogfightsintheairBombinginaccurateRomanticizedthebattlefieldsParisandLondonbombedPilotsfiredpistolsandthrewhandgrenadesThechangesofwarAirplanes64TheEasternFrontRussianarmymovedintoEasternGermanyonAugust30,1914DefeatedTheAustrianskickedoutofSerbiaItaliansattackedAustriain1915G.cametoAustrianaidandpushedRussiansback300milesintoownterritoryTheEasternFrontRussianarmy65TheEasternFrontMuchmoremobilemorethantheWestButlossoflifestillveryhigh1915:2.5millionRussianskilled,captured,orwoundedTheEasternFrontMuchmoremob66TheEasternFrontGermanyandAustriaHungaryjoinedbyBulgariainSept.1915AttackedandeliminatedSerbiafromwarTheEasternFrontGermanyandA67TheHomeFrontWomentookwarfactoryjobsReceivedlowerwagesthanmalesFoodshortagesmaderunningahouseholddifficultTheHomeFrontWomentookwarf68TheHomeFrontCensorshipNottoldabouthighdeathtollRomanticizedthebattlefields“soldiershavediedabeautifuldeath,inn