语言学教程测试题及答案

语言学教程测试题及答案语言学教程测试题及答案语言学教程测试题及答案资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月语言学教程测试题及答案版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：Chapter1

IntroductionstoLinguistics

I.

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

1.

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman

__________

A.contact

B.communication

C.relation

D.community

2.

Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.tree

B.typewriter

C.crash

D.bang

3.

Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is

__________.

A.interrogative（疑问）

B.directive

C.informative

D.performative

4.

InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.Interpersonal

B.Emotive

C.Performative√

D.Recreational

5.

Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.Transferability

B.Duality

C.Displacement

D.Arbitrariness

6.

Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage

—Aniceday,isn’tit

—Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.Emotive

B.Phatic

C.Performative

D.Interpersonal

7.

__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’s

knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.Performance

B.Competence

C.Langue

D.Parole

8.

Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

A.culturaltransmission

B.productivity

C.displacement

D.duality

9.

__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

A.Psycholinguistics

linguistics

C.Sociolinguistics

D.Appliedlinguistics

10.

__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.Linguistictheory

B.Practicallinguistics

C.Appliedlinguistics

D.Comparativelinguistics

II.

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.

Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnot

12.

Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingand

13.

Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunication

14.

Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforall

15.

Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegenetically

16.

Onlyhumanbeingsareableto

17.

F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchSwiss

18.

AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyof

19.

Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhuman

20.

Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwritten

III.

Fillintheblanks.(10%)

21.

Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__verbal_communication.

22.

Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__creativity________.

23.

Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis___metalingualfunction_______.

24.

Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__yo-he-ho________theory.

25.

Linguisticsisthe_scientific_________studyoflanguage.

26.

Modernlinguisticsis_descriptive_________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.

Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof___speech_______overwriting.

28.

Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_diachronic_linguistic________study.

29.

Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._langue_________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.

LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__competence________.

IV.

Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)31.

Designfeature

Designfeature:Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.

32.

Displacement

Displacement:Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.

33.

Competence

Competence:Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.

34.

SynchroniclinguisticsSynchroniclinguistics:Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.

V.

Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)35.

WhydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguageCanyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature（南开大学，2004）Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.

36.

Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.

VI.

Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.

Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific

（青岛海洋大学，1999）

Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientificprocedure:formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.

I.

1~5BACCC

6~10BACAC

II.

11~15FFTFF

16~20FFFFF

III.

21.verbal

22.productivity/creativity

23.metalingualfunction

24.yo-he-ho

25.scientific

26.descriptive

27.speech

28.diachroniclinguistic

29.langue

30.competence

Chapter2

SpeechSoundsI.

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

1.

Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonation

B.tone

C.pronunciation

D.voice

2.

Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).

A.allophone

B.phone

[]

C.phoneme

morpheme

3.

Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.

A.analogues

B.tagmemes

C.morphemes

D.allophones

4.

Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas

__________.

A.glottis

声门

B.vocalcavity

C.pharynx

D.uvula

5.

Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.

A.wide

B.closing

C.narrow

D.centering

6.

Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.

A.minimalpairs

B.allomorphs

C.phones

D.allophones

7.

Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.Acousticphonetics

B.Articulatoryphonetics

C.Auditoryphonetics

D.Noneoftheabove

8.

Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]

B.[m]

C.[b]

D.[p]

9.

Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:]

B.[u]

C.[e]

D.[i]

10.

Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.Voiceless

B.Voiced

C.Glottalstop

D.Consonant

II.

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.

Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordand

12.

Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeech

13.

Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferent

14.

[p]isavoicedbilabial

15.

Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeech

16.

Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetanda

17.

Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestake

18.

Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.

19.

ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymost

20.

Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthanthe

III.

Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.

Consonantsoundscanbeeither_voiceless_________or___voiced_______,whileallvowelsoundsare___voiced_______.

22.

Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing_friction_________.

23.

Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe___tongue_______andthelips.

24.

Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe___height_______towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.

25.

Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__obstruction________.

26.

Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__minimalpairs________.

27.

InEnglishthereareanumberofdiphthongs__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

28.

Coarticulation__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.

29.

__Phonemes________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

30.

Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__airstream________comingfromthelungs.

IV.

Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)

31.

Soundassimilation

Soundassimilation:Speechsoundsseldomoccurinisolation.Inconnectedspeech,undertheinfluenceoftheirneighbors,arereplacedbyothersounds.Sometimestwoneighboringsoundsinfluenceeachotherandarereplacedbyathirdsoundwhichisdifferentfrombothoriginalsounds.Thisprocessiscalledsoundassimilation.

32.

Suprasegmentalfeature

Suprasegmentalfeature:Thephoneticfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures;thesearethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.Themainsuprasegmentalonesincludesstress,intonation,andtone.

33.

Complementarydistribution

Complementarydistribution:Thedifferentallophonesofthesamephonemeneveroccurinthesamephoneticcontext.Whentwoormoreallophonesofonephonemeneveroccurinthesamelinguisticenvironmenttheyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.

34.

DistinctivefeaturesDistinctivefeatures:Itreferstothefeaturesthatcandistinguishonephonemefromanother.Ifwecangroupthephonemesintotwocategories:onewiththisfeatureandtheotherwithout,thisfeatureiscalledadistinctivefeature.

V.

Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)35.

Whatisacousticphonetics（中国人民大学，2003）Acousticphoneticsdealswiththetransmissionofspeechsoundsthroughtheair.Whenaspeechsoundisproduceditcausesminorairdisturbances(soundwaves).Variousinstrumentsareusedtomeasurethecharacteristicsofthesesoundwaves.

36.

Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation（南开大学，2004）

Whenthevocalcordsarespreadapart,theairfromthelungspassesbetweenthemunimpeded.Soundsproducedinthiswayaredescribedasvoiceless;consonants[p,s,t]areproducedinthisway.Butwhenthevocalcordsaredrawntogether,theairfromthelungsrepeatedlypushesthemapartasitpassesthrough,creatingavibrationeffect.Soundsproducedinthiswayaredescribedasvoiced.[b,z,d]arevoicedconsonants.

VI.

Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.

Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.（青岛海洋大学，1999）

(1)

voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop

(2)

lowfrontvowel

(3)

lateralliquid

(4)

velarnasal

(5)

voicedinterdentalfricative

答案I.

1~5

ACDAA

6~10DBABB

II.

11~15TTTFF

16~20TTTFF

III.

21.voiced,voiceless,voiced

22.friction

23.tongue

24.height

25.obstruction

26.minimalpairs

27.diphthongs

28.Co-articulation

29.Phonemes

30.airstream

36.

Chapter3Lexicon

I.

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

1.

Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.

A.lexicalwords

B.grammaticalwords

C.functionwords

D.formwords

2.

Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.

A.inflectional

B.free

C.bound

D.derivational

3.

Thereare__________morphemesintheword+nation+al+iz+ation

A.three

B.four

C.five

D.six

4.

InEnglish–iseand–tionarecalled__________.

A.prefixes

B.suffixes

C.infixes

D.stems

5.

Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:prefix,suffixand__________.

A.derivationalaffix

B.inflectionalaffix

C.infix

D.back-formation

6.

__________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

A.affixation

B.back-formation

C.insertion

D.addition

7.

ThewordTBisformedinthewayof__________.

A.acronymy

B.clipping

C.initialism

D.blending

8.

Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby__________.

A.blending

B.clipping

C.back-formation

D.acronymy

9.

Thestemofdisagreementsis__________.

A.agreement

B.agree

C.disagree

D.disagreement

10.

Allofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor__________.

A.lexeme

B.phoneme

C.morpheme

D.allomorph

II.

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.

Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.

12.

Foreasinforetellisbothaprefixandaboundmorpheme.

13.

Basereferstothepartofthewordthatremainswhenallinflectionalaffixesareremoved.

14.

Inmostcases,prefixeschangethemeaningofthebasewhereassuffixeschangetheword-classofthebase.

15.

Conversionfromnountoverbisthemostproductiveprocessofaword.

16.

Reduplicativecompoundisformedbyrepeatingthesamemorphemeofaword.

17.

Thewordswhimper,whisperandwhistleareformedinthewayofonomatopoeia.

18.

Inmostcases,thenumberofsyllablesofawordcorrespondstothenumberofmorphemes.

19.

Back-formationisaproductivewayofword-formations.

20.

Inflectionisaparticularwayofword-formations.

III.

Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.

An__________ispronouncedletterbyletter,whilean__________ispronouncedasaword.

22.

Lexicon,inmostcases,issynonymouswith__________.

23.

Orthographically,compoundsarewritteninthreeways:__________,__________and__________.

24.

Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainaroot__________.

25.

Asmallsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongto__________class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongsto__________class.

26.

__________isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessofshortening.

27.

__________isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendofMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.

28.

Wordsaredividedintosimple,compoundandderivedwordsonthe__________level.

29.

Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda__________,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda__________.

30.

Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:__________and__________.

IV.

Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)

31.

Blending

32.

Allomorph

33.

Closed-classword

34.

Morphologicalrule

V.

Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)

35.

HowmanytypesofmorphemesarethereintheEnglishlanguageWhatarethey（厦门大学，2003）

36.

WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheEnglishcompounds?

VI.

Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.

MatchthetermsunderCOLUMNIwiththeunderlinedformsfromCOLUMNII（武汉大学，2004）

I

II

(1)

acronym

a.

foe

(2)

freemorpheme

b.

subconscious

(3)

derivationalmorpheme

c.

UNESCO

(4)

inflectionalmorpheme

d.

overwhelmed

(5)

prefix

e.

calculation

Key:

I.

1~5

AACBB

6~10BCADB

II.

11~15FTFTT

16~20FTFFF

III.

21.initialism,acronym

22.vocabulary

23.solid,hyphenated,open

24.morpheme

25.close,open

26.back-formation

27.conversion

28.morpheme

29.derivative,compound

30.affix,boundroot

IV.

31.

Blending:Itisaprocessofword-formationinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningthemeaningsandsoundsoftwowords,oneofwhichisnotinitsfullformorbothofwhicharenotintheirfullforms,likenewscast(news+broadcast),brunch(breakfast+lunch)

32.

Allomorph:Itisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.

33.

Close-classword:Itisawordwhosemembershipisfixedorlimited.Pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,articles,etc.areallclosed-classwords.

34.

Morphologicalrule:Itistherulethatgovernswhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofbasetoformanewword,.–lycanbeaddedtoanountoformanadjective.

V.

Omit.

VI.

37.

(1)c

(2)a

(3)e

(4)d

(5)b

Chapter4

Syntax

I.

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

1.

Thesentencestructureis________.

A.onlylinear

B.onlyhierarchical

C.complex

D.bothlinearandhierarchical

2.

Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.

A.large

B.small

C.finite

D.infinite

3.

The________rulesaretherulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.

A.lexical

B.morphological

C.linguistic

D.combinational

4.

Asentenceisconsidered____whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammati¬calknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.

A.right

B.wrong

C.grammatical

D.ungrammatical

5.

A__________intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.

A.coordinator

B.particle

C.preposition

D.subordinator

6.

Phrasestructureruleshave____properties.

A.recursive

B.grammatical

C.social

D.functional

7.

Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand_____________.

A.howwordsandphrasesformsentences.

B.whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwords

C.howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentences

D.alloftheabove.

8.

Theheadofthephrase“thecityRome”is__________.

A.thecity

B.Rome

C.city

D.thecityRome

9.

Thephrase“ontheshelf”belongsto__________construction.

A.endocentric

B.exocentric

C.subordinate

D.coordinate

10.

Thesentence“Theywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoexposethemselves.”isa__________sentence.

A.simple

B.coordinate

C.compound

D.complex

II.

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.

Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerareknownaslinguisticcompetence.

12.

Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

13.

Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.

14.

Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.

15.

Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.

16.

InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.

17.

InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.

18.

Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisacompletelistofwordsandphrasesratherthangrammaticalknowledge.

19.

Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.

20.

Itisbelievedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.

III.

Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.

A__________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.

22.

A__________isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

23.

A__________maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.

24.

Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverboraverbphraseandwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalled__________.

25.

A__________sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.

26.

Inthecomplexsentence,theincorporatedorsubordinateclauseisnormallycalledan__________clause.

27.

Majorlexicalcategoriesare__________categoriesinthesensethatnewwordsareconstantlyadded.

28.

__________conditiononcaseassignmentstatesthatacaseassignorandacaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.

29.

__________aresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinoneway

oranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamongnatural

languages.

30.

Thetheoryof__________conditionexplainsthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.

IV.

Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)

31.

Syntax

32.

ICanalysis

33.

Hierarchicalstructure

34.

Tracetheory

V.

Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)

35.

Whatareendocentricconstructionandexocentricconstruction

（武汉大学，2004）

36.

Distinguishthetwopossiblemeaningsof“morebeautifulflowers”bymeansofICanalysis.（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

VI.

Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.

DrawatreediagramaccordingtothePSrulestoshowthedeepstructureofthesentence:

Thestudentwrotealetteryesterday.

Key:

I.

1~5DCDDD