广东省阳江市2022-2023学年高二上学期期中四校联考英语试题（含答案解析）

第20页/共20页广东省阳江市2022-2023学年高二上学期期中四校联考英语试卷注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、班级和考号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分阅读(共两节;满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWanttobemoresuccessful?Ifso,thenyouneedtoreadafewself-helpbooks.Herearefourpopularonestogetyougoing.59Seconds(2009)byRichardWisemanThisisaself-helpbookwithadifference.Wiseman,ascientist,usessciencetoprovemanyself-helpmyths(神话)arefalse.Forexample,self-helpbookssaythatifyouwanttoachieveagoal,youshouldvisualizeit.ButWisemansaysthat'stheworstthingtodo.Studiesshowthatyouneedtovisualizethestepsrequiredtoachievethegoal.HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople(1936)—byDaleCarnegieThisisthebookthatlaunchedtheself-helptype.Carnegiesaysfinancialsuccessis15%professionalknowledgeand85%theabilitytoexpressideas,assumeleadership,andmotivatepeople.Thebookisfullofpracticaladviceonhowtoinfluencepeoplebymakingthemlikeyou.TheMillionaireNextDoor(1996)byThomasStanley&WlliamDankoTheauthorsofthisbookspentyearsinterviewingAmericanmillionairestofigureoutthesecretsoftheirsuccess.Andtheydiscoveredthatamajorityofmillionairesdon'tliveluxurylifestyles.They'rerichbecausetheylivebelowtheirmeansandreinvestwhattheyearn.WhoMovedMyCheese?(1998)-bySpencerJohnsonWhoMovedMyCheese?AnAmazingWaytoDealwithChangeinYourWorkandinYourLife,publishedonSeptember8,1998,isamotivationalbusinessfable.Thetextdescribeschangeinone'sworkandlife,andfourtypicalreactionstothosechangesbytwomiceandtwo“littlepeople”，duringtheirhuntforcheese.1.Whatisthekeytoachievingsuccessin59Seconds?A.Toemployscience. B.Tofollowexamples.C.Topictureprocedures. D.Tovisualizethegoal.2.WhatisDaleCarnegie'sbookmainlyabout?A.Howtomasteroccupationalknowledge. B.Howtoapplypracticaltechniques.C.Howtogainstrongmanagement. D.Howtobecomepopularpersons.3.Whichbookcanhelpyouadapttochangeinyourlife?A.59Seconds B.WhoMovedMyCheese?C.TheMillionaireNextDoor D.HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四本有助于变得更成功的自助书籍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据59Seconds(2009)byRichardWiseman部分中Studiesshowthatyouneedtovisualizethestepsrequiredtoachievethegoal.可知研究表明，你需要设想实现目标所需的步骤。由此可知，要想在59秒内取得成功，关键是要把步骤想象出来。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople(1936)—byDaleCarnegie部分中Thebookisfullofpracticaladviceonhowtoinfluencepeoplebymakingthemlikeyou.可知这本书里有很多实用的建议，教你如何通过让别人喜欢你来影响别人。由此可知，DaleCarnegie的书主要讲了如何成为受欢迎的人。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中WhoMovedMyCheese?AnAmazingWaytoDealwithChangeinYourWorkandinYourLife,publishedonSeptember8,1998,isamotivationalbusinessfable.Thetextdescribeschangeinone'sworkandlife,andfourtypicalreactionstothosechangesbytwomiceandtwo“littlepeople”，duringtheirhuntforcheese.可知1998年9月8日出版的《谁动了我的奶酪？处理工作和生活变化的神奇方法》是一个励志的商业寓言。文章描述了工作和生活的变化，以及两只老鼠和两个“小人物”在寻找奶酪的过程中对这些变化的四种典型反应。由此可知，《谁动了我的奶酪？》这本书可以帮助你适应生活中的变化。故选B。BLastyear,thebushfiresinAustraliaburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplewerekilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thatwasthemostcasualties(伤亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweathermadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason."Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia'sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,"HausfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverity(严重)ofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledbumsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣).4.Whatarethenumbersaboutinparagraph1?A.ThecausesofAustralianfires. B.TheresultsofAustralianfires.C.ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires. D.ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains''susceptibleto"inthesecondparagraph?A.Veryquicklytoadaptto.B.Veryseriouslytofocuson.C.Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.D.Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst.6.WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A.Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.B.Globalwanningisalsoamaincauseofthebushfires.C.Warmeroceantemperaturesleadstothefiresdirectly.D.Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.TostresstheeffectsofAustraliafires.B.Toshowthemethodsforlandmanagement.C.TopredicttheseriousnessofAustraliafires.D.Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingfiredamage.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚森林大火产生的条件和蔓延的原因。【4题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed(这个季节，澳大利亚的森林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000座房屋被毁)”可知，本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严重后果。故选B项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。由第二段“ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason(加州大学伯克利分校地球分校的能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克·豪萨福尔说，气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，并延长了火灾季节的长度)”可推测，气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，moresusceptibleto意为“更容易受到……影响”，与C项“Verylikelytobeinfluencedby(很容易受……的影响)”意思相近。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由第三段的“Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger(他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾发生和蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长)”可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，气候专家强调，气候变化不是野火严重的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也会影响火灾可用燃料的数量。诸如控制性燃烧和其他因素等做法可能会影响对人和财产的风险，火灾管理资源分配方式改变的同时，改变这些政策有很大的潜力限制未来野火造成的损害。可推断在最后一段作者想要介绍一些关于减少火灾损失的建议。故选D项。CIntheUnitedStates,acompanyisworkingonaprojectthatcouldchangethewaywethinkaboutpublictransportation.Itsplannedsystemwouldmovepeoplearoundinsteeltubes.Thosepassengerswouldbetravelingatspeedsofupto1,200kilometersperhour.ThefuturistictransportationsystemiscalledHyperloop.WorkersplantotestthesystemnextyearinaspeciallybuiltcommunitycalledQuayvalley.Thetownwillbepoweredentirelybyenergyfromthesun.TheHyperlooptransportsystemistheideaofbusinessmanElonMusk.DirkAhlbornisheadofHyperloopTransportationTechnologies.HesayshiscompanyhastakenMr.Musk'sideaandisdevelopingasystemthatwillbesafe,environmentallyfriendlyandfast.It’s100percentsolar-powered...we’renotgoingtogetupto760milesperhour,butwebelievewecanactuallybreaktherecordsthatareexitingrightnow.”Thismeansthatafour-hourdrivefromLosAngeles,CaliforniatoLasVegas,Nevada,couldsomedaytakeonly30minutesbyHyperloop.Thesysteminvolvesaseriesofcapsulesthatfloatinsidealongtube.Thesecontainerswouldn’tneedtotravelalongapathwayortrack.Thesystemhasbeendesignedtooperateaboveorbelowground.Insidethetubethereisalow-pressureenvironmentverysimilartoanairplanethat’sathighaltitudes.Sonowthecapsuletravellinginsidethetubedoesn’tmeetwithasmuchresistance,andthereforecantravelreallyfastwithverylittleenergy.DickAhlbornandhiscompanywilluseaneight-kilometertrackinQuayValleytofindthebestwaytosetuppassengertrafficandrepaircapsules.Alargersystemwillcostanestimated6—10billiondollarstobuild.IfMr.Ahlbornandhiscompanysucceed,wemayonedayseetheseveryfastHyperloopcapsulesspeedingthroughtubesaroundtheworld.8WhatdoweknowabouttheHyperlooptransportsystem?A.Ittravelsalongapathwayortrack. B.Itwasalreadytestedinacommunity.C.Itwasdevelopedbyabusinessman. D.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.9.WhycantheHyperloopcapsulestravelfast?A.Theyaresolar-powered. B.Theytravelathighaltitudes.C.Thereislessresistanceinsidethetube. D.Thereisapowerfulenginetodrivethem.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheHyperlooptransportsystem?A.Objective. B.Doubtful. C.Subjective. D.Dissatisfied.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SteelTubs B.ACreativeBusinessmanC.HyperloopTransportSystem D.QuayValley【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外国人正在研发一种号称时速高达1200公里的既安全又节能的新型交通工具。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“HesayshiscompanyhastakenMr.Musk'sideaandisdevelopingasystemthatwillbesafe,environmentallyfriendlyandfast.(他说，他公司已经采纳了马斯克的想法，正在开发一种安全、环保、快速的系统)”可知，超级高铁运输系统是环保的。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Sonowthecapsuletravellinginsidethetubedoesn’tmeetwithasmuchresistance,andthereforecantravelreallyfastwithverylittleenergy.(所以现在运输仓在管道内移动不会遇到太多阻力，因此可以用很少的能量快速移动)”可知，在管道里几乎没有阻力，因此可以运行飞快，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者客观描述了超级高铁运输系统这一新型交通系统的研发情况及其工作原理，可推知，作者对超级高铁运输系统呈客观态度。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“ThefuturistictransportationsystemiscalledHyperloop.WorkersplantotestthesystemnextyearinaspeciallybuiltcommunitycalledQuayvalley.Thetownwillbepoweredentirelybyenergyfromthesun.(这种未来的交通系统被称为“超级高铁”。工人们计划明年在一个名为码头谷的特别建造的社区测试该系统。这个城镇将完全由太阳能供电)”结合文章主要介绍了外国人正在研发一种号称时速高达1200公里的既安全又节能的新型交通工具。可知，C选项“超级高铁运输系统”最符合文章标题。故选C。DSixpeopleareabouttofindoutwhatitwouldbeliketoliveonMars—withouteverleavingtheEarth.ThreemenandthreewomenwillspendeightmonthslivinginaspecialhabitatonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.TheyarepartofanexperimentbeingdonebyNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)thatisdesignedtomimic(模仿)lifeonMars.Somepeoplemaybecomeunhappyorboredlivingunderthoseconditions.Certainpersonalitytypesmaynotgetalong,andlivingtogetherforalongtimecouldcausethemtoargue.BystudyingpeoplelivinginsimilarconditionshereonEarth,NASAhopestolearnhowtochoosethebestpeopleforaspacemission,andhowtohelpthemgetalong.Thecrew(全体工作人员)willliveinatwo-storydome-shaped(圆顶形)building.Thedomeislocatedinanareaabout2,400metresupthesideofMaunaLoa,thesecondbiggestvolcanointheworld.MaunaLoaisanactivevolcano,butithasnoteruptedsince1984.Itismonitoredallthetimeforsignsofvolcanicactivity.NASAchosethelocationbecausetheenvironmenttherelooksverysimilartoMars.Duringtheexperiment,thecrewwillonlybeabletocommunicatebyemail.TomakeitmorelikebeingonMars,therewillbea20-minutewaitingtimebetweenthetimeamessageissentandwhenitisreceived.Thatmeansitwilltake40minutestogetareplytoanemail.Thecrewwillbeperformingscientificworkwhiletheyarethere,includingsometripsoutsidethedome.Whentheygooutside,theywillhavetowearspacesuits,justasiftheywereonMars.ThecommanderofthecrewisMarthaLenio,a34-year-oldCanadian.Leniostudiedengineeringandisinterestedinspaceexplorationandenvironmentalproblems.Duringthemission,shewillrunexperimentsongrowingfoodandmakingcompost(堆肥)insidethedome.Theothercrewmembershavebackgroundsinphysicsandastronomy.Theywerechosenfromabout150peoplewhoappliedtotakepartintheexperiment.Noneofthemareastronauts.12.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheexperiment?A.Tostudypeople’sbehavior.B.Tocompleteachallengingtask.C.Togetfamiliarwithournaturalworld.D.TopreparevolunteersforlifeonMars.13.Whenlivinginagroupvolunteersshould_________.A.trytoshowtheirownpersonalityB.learntogetalongwitheachotherC.havenochancetogooutsideD.communicatebyphone14.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.MarthaLeniousedtobeanastronaut.B.Theexperimentwilltakeabouttwoyears.C.Allsixmembershaveprofessionalbackgrounds.D.Allmemberswillrunexperimentsongrowingfood.15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Atravelmagazine.B.AsciencemagazineC.Abiologytextbook.D.Ageographytextbook.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个NASA在进行的关于模拟火星生活的实验。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“ThreemenandthreewomenwillspendeightmonthslivinginaspecialhabitatonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.TheyarepartofanexperimentbeingdonebyNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)thatisdesignedtomimiclifeonMars.(三男三女将在夏威夷一座火山边上的一个特殊栖息地生活8个月。他们是美国国家航空航天局正在进行的模拟火星生命实验的一部分)”可知，这项实验中邀请了6位志愿者参与模拟在火星的生活，由此可推知，该实验的目的应是让志愿者为火星生活做准备。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段和第四段内容“Certainpersonalitytypesmaynotgetalong,andlivingtogetherforalongtimecouldcausethemtoargue.BystudyingpeoplelivinginsimilarconditionshereonEarth,NASAhopestolearnhowtochoosethebestpeopleforaspacemission,andhowtohelpthemgetalong.(某些性格类型的人可能无法相处，长时间住在一起可能会导致他们争吵。通过研究地球上生活在类似条件下的人们，NASA希望了解如何为太空任务选择最优秀的人，以及如何帮助他们相处)”可知，在这个实验里，志愿者们需要学习与他人彼此相处。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第八段和第九段内容“Leniostudiedengineeringandisinterestedinspaceexplorationandenvironmentalproblems.(莱尼奥学的是工程学，对太空探索和环境问题很感兴趣)”以及“Theothercrewmembershavebackgroundsinphysicsandastronomy.(其他队员都有物理学和天文学背景)”可知，6个志愿者都具有专业背景。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“ThreemenandthreewomenwillspendeightmonthslivinginaspecialhabitatonthesideofavolcanoinHawaii.TheyarepartofanexperimentbeingdonebyNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)thatisdesignedtomimiclifeonMars.(三男三女将在夏威夷一座火山边上的一个特殊栖息地生活8个月。他们是美国国家航空航天局正在进行的模拟火星生命实验的一部分)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个NASA在进行的关于模拟火星生活的实验，由此可推知，文章应该来自于科学杂志。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的(A、B、C、D、E、F、G)选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。在答题卡上将最佳选项涂黑。Therearenumerousbenefitsofreadinggoodbooks.___16___Whateveryourfieldmightbe,it'sveryimportanttocreateagoodhabittoreadbeyondyourhorizons.Herearetipstohelpyoucultivateabetterandconsistentreadinghabit:●Determineyourreadinggoal.___17___Thisgoalshouldbeclearandbackedupwithapurpose.Startbythinkingabouthowaconsistentreadingpatterncanhelpyougrowindifferentareasofyourlife-spirit,academics,career,relationshipsandmore.●___18___Onceyou'redonesettingyourreadinggoalfortheyear,you'llneedalisttobackitup.Writeoutalistoftheamazingbooksyouwanttoread.Askforrecommendationsfromfriendsandinstructors.Itsimportanttokeepajournallistingthebooksyou'llliketoreadforeachmonth.●Getaresponsiblereadingpartnertopromoteyourreading.Goalsneedtobebackedupinordertohelpputacheckandencourageyouduringtimesyoudon'tfeelmotivated.___19___Todevelopareadingculture,youmustfirstanalyzeyourcurrentreadinghabits.Doyoureadatall?___20___Inordertotrulyachieveyourreadinggoalsandbuildaconsistentreadinghabit,you'llneedtosetupsimplesystems，findresponsiblepartners，andgenerallybehungrytogrowbeyondyourcomfortzone.A.Doyoustudyhardatschool?B.Makealistofbooksforeachmonth.C.Doyoustartoffandstopatsomepoint?D.Getupearlyandgotobedlatetobackupyourgoal.E.It'simportanttostartoffbysettingagoaltocreateareadinghabit.F.Getafriendwillingtoread,andcreateaplantohelpyouachieveyourreadinggoals.G.Itcanmakeyouthinkdeeper,sharpenyourskillsandteachyoumoreaboutyourfield.【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.F20.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。读好书有很多好处。文章介绍了一些帮助你养成更好和更持久阅读习惯的小窍门。【16题详解】上文提示“读好书有很多好处。”承接上文，G项Itcanmakeyouthinkdeeper,sharpenyourskillsandteachyoumoreaboutyourfield.（它能让你思考得更深入，提高你的技能，并教会你更多关于你所在领域的知识。）切题。故选G。【17题详解】本段小标题“确定你的阅读目标。”再根据下文提示“这个目标应该是明确的，并有一个目的作为后盾。”承接标题和下文，E项It'simportanttostartoffbysettingagoaltocreateareadinghabit.（通过设定一个目标开始养成阅读习惯是很重要的。）切题。关键词“goal”，故选E。【18题详解】此空是段落小标题，应该用段小精悍的祈使句，所以在B/D/F中选。再结合空格下文提示“以记日记的形式列出你每个月想读的书是很重要的。”承接下文内容，B项Makealistofbooksforeachmonth.（列出每个月的书单。）故选B。【19题详解】上文提示“当你感到没有动力的时候，你的目标需要被支持，以帮助你检查和鼓励你。”承接上文，F项Getafriendwillingtoread,andcreateaplantohelpyouachieveyourreadinggoals.（找一个愿意阅读的朋友，制定一个帮助你实现阅读目标的计划。）切题。故选F。【20题详解】根据上文提示“要培养一种阅读文化，你必须首先分析你当前的阅读习惯。你读书吗？”承接上文，C项Doyoustartoffandstopatsomepoint?（你会在某一点开始并停止吗?）切题。故选C。第二部分语言知识与运用(共两节;满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C,D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“LittleAnnie”Sullivan,asshewascalledwhenshewasyoung,wasnostrangertohardship.Shewas___21___sightlessherselfandwas,atonetime,diagnosed(诊断)ashopelesslyinsane(精神病的)bythedoctors.Shewaslockedinthebasementofa___22___institutionoutsideofBoston.Attimes,LittleAnniewouldviolently___23___anyonewhocamenear.Mostofthetimeshegenerally____24____everyoneinherpresence.Anelderlynurse___25___therewashope,however,andshemadeuphermindtoshowlovetothechild.EverydayshevisitedLittleAnnie.Forthemostpart,thechilddidnotacknowledge(理会)thenurse’spresence,butshestill___26___tovisit.Thekindlywomanleftcookiesforherandspokewordsofloveandencouragement.ShewassurethatLittleAnniecould___27___,ifonlyshewereshownlove.Eventually,doctorsnoticeda___28___inthegirl.Wheretheyoncesawangerandhate,theynownotedgentlenessand___29___.Theymovedherupstairswhereshecontinuedto____30____.Thenthedayfinallycamewhenthisseemingly“hopeless”childwassetfree.AnneSullivan____31____intoayoungwomanwitha(n)hopetohelpothersasshe,herself,washelpedbythekindlynurse.Itwasshewho____32____thegreatpotentialinHelenKeller.Shelovedher,trainedherandplayedwithher.AnneSullivanworked____33____inHelen’slife;butitwasthelovingnursewhofirstbelievedinLittleAnnieandlovinglychangedanuncommunicativechildintoakind-heartedteacher.ThenameofHelenKellerwouldhave____34____unknownifithadnotbeenforAnneSullivan._____35_____wouldthenameofAnneSullivanifithadnotbeenforthekindanddevotednurse.Andsoitgoes.Justhowfarbackdoesthechainofloveextend(延伸)?Andhowforwardwillitlead?21.A.almost B.still C.rather D.only22.A.cultural B.religious C.mental D.private23.A.attract B.attack C.watch D.touch24.A.blamed B.caught C.greeted D.ignored25.A.suggested B.determined C.imagined D.thought26.A.continued B.forgot C.refused D.failed27.A.return B.recover C.remember D.reply28.A.chance B.trouble C.change D.fault29.A.love B.worry C.anxiety D.wish30.A.play B.study C.shout D.improve31.A.ran B.grew C.looked D.knocked32.A.showed B.reached C.owned D.saw33.A.doubts B.decisions C.plans D.wonders34.A.remained B.seemed C.become D.proved35.A.Either B.And C.So D.Neither【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.D26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.D33.D34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述HelenKeller的老师AnnieSullivan是如何在一位护士的帮助下从几乎失明的，被诊断为精神病的小女孩变成一个乐于助人的正常人的故事。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她自己几乎失明，有一次被医生诊断为无可救药的精神病。A.almost几乎；B.still仍然；C.rather相当；D.only仅仅。根据上文““LittleAnnie”Sullivan,asshewascalledwhenshewasyoung,wasnostrangertohardship.(苏利文年轻时被称为“小安妮”，她对苦难并不陌生。)”可知她遭受了苦难，所以应该是几乎是失明的，故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她被锁在波士顿城外一家精神病院的地下室里。A.cultural文化的；B.religious宗教的；C.mental精神的；D.private私人的。根据上文“diagnosed(诊断)ashopelesslyinsane(精神病的)bythedoctors”可知被诊断为精神病，所以应该在精神病院，故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，小安妮会暴力攻击任何靠近她的人。A.attract吸引；B.attack攻击；C.watch观看；D.touch接触。根据上文“violently”可知是攻击靠近她的人，故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数时候，她通常忽视别人的存在。A.blamed责备；B.caught抓住；C.greeted问候；D.ignored忽视。根据上文“LittleAnniewouldviolently___3___anyone”和下文“thechilddidnotacknowledge(理会)thenurse’spresence”可知是她大部分时间忽视别人的存在，故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，一位老护士认为还有希望，她下定决心要向孩子表达她的爱。A.suggested建议；B.determined决定；C.imagined想象；D.thought认为。根据下文可知老护士坚持照顾和爱护小女孩，所以她认为小女孩还有希望好起来。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，孩子不承认护士的存在，但她仍然继续去看她。A.continued继续；B.forgot忘记；C.refused拒绝；D.failed失败。根据but可知上下文是转折关系，虽然孩子不理那个护士，但她仍然继续去看她，故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她相信，只要有人爱小安妮，她就能恢复健康。A.return返回；B.recover恢复；C.remember记住；D.reply回答。根据下文“Eventually,doctorsnoticeda___8___inthegirl.”可推测那位护士坚信她能恢复健康，故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，医生注意到女孩的变化。A.chance机会；B.trouble麻烦；C.change变化；D.fault错误。根据下文“Wheretheyoncesawangerandhate,theynownotedgentlenessand___9___”可知从前他们看到的是愤怒和仇恨，现在他们看到的是温柔和...，所以她们看到小女孩发生了变化，故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从前他们看到的是愤怒和仇恨，现在他们看到的是温柔和爱。A.love爱；B.worry担心；C.anxiety忧虑；D.wish希望。根据上文“angerandhate”可知对应的应该是温柔和爱，故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们把她搬到楼上，她在那里继续好转。A.play演奏；B.study学习；C.shout大喊；D.improve改善。根据下文“Thenthedayfinallycamewhenthisseemingly“hopeless”childwassetfree.”可知小女孩的状况继续好转，故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安妮·沙利文长成了一个希望帮助别人的年轻女子，就像她自己得到那位好心的护士的帮助一样。A.ran跑；B.grew成长；C.looked看；D.knocked敲。根据下文“ayoungwomanwitha(n)hopetohelpothersasshe,herself,washelpedbythekindlynurse”可知小女孩慢慢长大，成为一位像那个护士一样乐于助人的人，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是她看到了海伦·凯勒的巨大潜力。A.showed展示；B.reached到达；C.owned拥有；D.saw看见。根据下文“Shelovedher,trainedherandplayedwithher.”可知她看到了海伦·凯勒的巨大潜力，才会爱她，帮助她，故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：安妮·沙利文在海伦的生命中创造了奇迹。A.doubts疑虑；B.decisions决定；C.plans计划；D.wonders奇迹。根据下文“butitwasthelovingnursewhofirstbelievedinLittleAnnieandlovinglychangedanuncommunicativechildintoakind-heartedteacher.”可知正是那位有爱的护士对安妮·沙利文的爱使她成为一名好老师，所以她才能在海伦的生命中创造奇迹，根据常识我们知道海伦一个又聋又哑的小女孩后来成为了名人，故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是因为安妮·沙利文，海伦·凯勒的名字就不会为人所知。A.remained仍然是；B.seemed似乎；C.become成为；D.proved证明。解析同上，要是没有安妮·沙利文，海伦·凯勒就不会出名，故选A。【35题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这位善良而忠诚的护士，安妮·沙利文的名字也会如此。A.Either任意一个；B.And并且；C.So这样；D.Neither也不。So+主动词+主语，表示前面的肯定内容也适用于后者，而本句说的如果没有这位善良而忠诚的护士，安妮·沙利文的名字也一样不会被人所知，故选C。第二节语篇填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。FlorenceNightingalewasnamedafterherbirthplace,Florence,Italy.Whenshewasalmostayearold,she_____36_____(return)withherfamilytoEngland.Florenceoftenhelpedhermotherdeliverfoodtothepoorandsick.Asshegrew______37______(old),shedecidedtobecomeanurse.Herfamilywasshockedbecausenursingwasnota_____38_____(respect)profession.ButFlorencewasdetermined.Shestudiedbooksonmedicine.Later,shevisitedhospitalsinFrance,GermanyandIrelandandlearnedeverythingshecould._____39_____returninghome,shewasanexpertonhospitalmanagement.In1854,England_____40_____(fight)awarwithRussiainTurkey.AtthefrontmanyBritishsoldierswerewoundedorsick.Thewounded_____41_____(soldier)layonthehardfloorsofadirtyarmyhospital.Intheevening,theytriedtosleep,butratsranovertheirbodies.Theconditionsforthemwereterrible.ReportsofthesufferingsofthewoundedinthefrontcreatedangerinBritain.____42____response,thegovernmentappointedFlorenceNightingaletohirefemalenurses____43____(work)inthemilitaryhospitalsinthefront.FlorencearrivedinCrimeawiththirty-eightnurses.Atfirst,thedoctorsdidnotbelievethatwomencouldhelp.Butinfact,thenursesdidmake____44____difference.Byday,nursescleanedthewardsandcaredforthesoldiers.Atnight,Nightingaletookalampandwalkedaroundthehospital_____45_____(attend)thepatients.ThesoldiersbegantocallFlorence“TheladywiththeLamp”.【答案】36.returned37.older38.respected39.Upon##On40.wasfighting41.soldiers42.In43.towork44.a45.attending【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述FlorenceNightingale经过多年的努力，使护理成为一个令人尊敬的职业。【36题详解】考查时态。句意：当她快一岁时，她和家人一起回到了英国。根据从句的谓语动词was可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应变过去式。故填returned。【37题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：随着年龄变得更大，她决定成为一名护士。根据句意及句子结构可知，grew后接形容词的比较级，作表语。故填older。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：她的家人感到震惊，因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。根据句子结构可知，此处应填形容词作定语，respected“受人尊敬的”符合题意。故填respected。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：回国后，她是医院管理方面的专家。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填介词upon/on，upon/ondoingsth.表示“一……就……”。位于句首，开头字母需大写，故填Upon/On。【40题详解】考查时态。句意：1854年，英国正在土耳其与俄罗斯开战。根据句意可知，此处描述过去一段时间正在发生的事情，故用过去进行时，主语England是单数，be动词用was。故填wasfighting。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：受伤的士兵躺在肮脏的军队医院的坚硬地板上。分析可知，空处应填soldier的复数形式表泛指，故填soldiers。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：作为回应，政府委派FlorenceNightingale去雇用女护士在前线的军事医院工作。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“作为回应”，故用短语inresponse，位于句首，开头字母需大写，故填In。【43题详解】考查不定式。句意：作为回应，政府委派FlorenceNightingale去雇用女护士在前线的军事医院工作。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语hiresb.todosth.，表示“雇用某人做某事”，设空处故填不定式，作宾补。故填towork。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：但事实上，护士确实大有作为。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语makeadifference，表示“有作用，有影响”，故填a。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：晚上，南丁格尔拿着一盏灯，在医院里走来走去，照顾病人。根据句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。主语Nightingale与attend主谓关系，设空处故填现在分词attending。故填attending。第三部分词汇&写作第一节单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)根据句子的意思和括号里的中文提示，写出下列的单词的正确形式，每空限填一词，并把答案写在答题卷相应的横线上。46.Heevaluatedalltheevidencebeforedrawinga________________(结论).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】conclusion【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他在得出结论之前评估了所有的证据。根据汉语提示和空格前不定冠词a可知，应使用单数可数名词conclusion作宾语，构成短语drawaconclusion，意为“得出结论”。故填conclusion。47.This

gives

you

the

opportunity

to

pray

for

and

___________(祝福)

theother.(根据汉语意思填空)【答案】bless【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：这给了你为他人祈祷和祝福的机会。根据汉语意思“祝福”可知应填动词bless，结合上文theopportunitytoprayforand可知此处为不定式作定语，故应填动词原形。故填bless。48.Asac_________(由于)ofbeinginhospital,Shellydecidedthatshewantedtobecomeanurse.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】consequence##onsequence【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：由于住院的缘故，雪莉下定决心以后当一名护士。根据句意和中英文提示可知，应使用名词consequence作宾语，构成介词短