Unit 4 Earthquakes 单元知识点精讲课件-高三英语一轮复习人教版必修一

Book1Unit4Earthquakes单元知识点精讲1．(2020·新高考卷)Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek_________(掩蔽处)duringthedaytime.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Ihaveaverystrongfearthattheliewe’retellingisdoingspiritual________(伤害)toourchildren.3．Shehidherfaceinherhandsand_______(burst)intotears.4．________(bury)inhisstudy,hedidn’tnoticetheotherclassmateshadleft.

shelter

damage

burst

Buried

5．(2018·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.6．Thisisoneoftheworstnatural___________(disaster)evertohittheareahadbeentrapped

disasters

.7．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletely___________(destroy).8．Luckily,mykindneighbor_________(rescue)alittlegirlfromdrowninglastnight.

destroyed

rescued

(1)____n.

污垢;泥土→_____adj.脏的,肮脏的(2)________n.

苦难;痛苦→______vt.&vi.遭受;忍受→_______n.

患者;受害者(3)_______adj.极度的→_________adv.非常;极其;极端地dirtdirtysufferingsuffersuffererextremeextremely(4)______vt.

损害;伤害→______n.

伤害;损害→_______adj.受伤的;受损害的(5)________n.

幸存者;生还者;残存物→_______vt.&vi.幸存;幸免于injureinjuryinjuredsurvivorsurvive(6)______n.&vt.

援救;营救→_______n.

救援者(7)_______vt.

使惊吓;吓唬→_________adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→__________adj.令人恐惧的rescuerescuerfrightenfrightenedfrightening(8)_____________n.

祝贺;(复数)贺词→___________v.

祝贺(9)_____n.

裁判员;法官vt.

断定;判断;判决→_________n.

判断;裁判;判决书(10)_______vt.

表示;表达n.

快车;速递→_________n.

表达;表情;措辞congratulationcongratulatejudgejudgmentexpressexpressionⅡ.联想背短语1.__________立刻;马上2.____ 仿佛;好像3.______ 掘出;发现4._________ 代替;而不是5.____________ 轻视;认为……没价值6.___________ 埋头于rightawayasifdigoutinsteadofthinklittleofbeburiedin7.__________ 从……判断8.___________ 集资,筹款;募捐judgefromraisemoney9.____________ 做演讲10.atanend

__________11.inruins __________________

12.a(great)numberof ____________13.betrappedin _____

giveaspeech结束;终结严重受损;破败不堪许多;大量的陷入14.cutacross ______________

15.intheopenair _______抄近路,走近路在户外

n.判断makeajudgementabout…对……作出评价1．judgen.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判决；判断judgesb./sth.by/from…以……判断某人/某事judgingfrom/by…从……判断(常作插入语使用)judgesb./sth.(tobe)good/bad/fair认定某人/某事好/坏/公平asfarassb.canjudge据某人判断judg(e)ment夯基—单句语法填空。①(2018·江苏卷)Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadly________(judge).②I’mwritingtoinviteyoutobe___judgeatourEnglishspeechcontesttobeheldinourschoolonJune15．③_________(judge)fromtheabovestory,wecandrawtheconclusionthatwecan’tjudgeabook_________itscover.judged

a

Judging

by/from

judgingfrom/by…置于句首作状语。v.-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generallyspeaking一般来说；franklyspeaking坦白地说；considering…考虑到……。提能—完成句子。④__________________，hewillrefuseto_____________________thepresentsituation.据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。AsfarasIcanjudge

makeajudgementabout

2．ruinn.[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁坏；

毁灭；成为废墟；

使破产(1)lie/beinruins成为废墟come/go/falltoruin毁灭；灭亡

；崩溃bring…toruin使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产(2)ruinoneself毁掉自己；

自取灭亡ruinone’shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途2.ruin/damage/destroy辨析填空①Heknockedoverabottleofinkand______mypainting.②Aheavyraincamedownand________thecrops.③Thefarmer’shousewascompletely_________,sohedecidedtobuildanewone.ruineddamageddestroyed夯基—单句语法填空。①(北京卷)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin_______(ruin).②Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completely_________(ruin)ourholiday.③Ifyou’readdictedtoplayingcomputergames,you’llruin__________.ruins

ruining

yourself

提能—一句多译。他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。④Hemadeamistake,______________________ofgoingabroad.(定语从句)⑤Hemadeamistake,__________________ofgoingabroad.(分词作状语)whichruinedhischance

ruininghischance

3.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。【例析】①Notallprintdictionariesarethesame,asyouwillnoticewhenyouselectone.译:当你选择的时候你会注意到,________________________________。②Noteveryoneishappy.译:_____________________并不是所有的印刷字典都是一样的并不是每个人都高兴。【知识构建】(1)all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不是都;并非都”。(2)no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表达否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用,构成“全部否定”。*Bothofthetwomathproblemsarenotverydifficult.=

ofthetwomathproblemsareverydifficult.这两道数学题并非都很难。*Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.Notboth有学问的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。burst的多层含义4．burstv.(burst，burst)

4．burstv.(burst，burst)

(使)爆裂；突发

n.突发；爆裂(1)burst闯进来；突然插嘴burstinto突然爆发；闯入(2)burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing放声大笑

＝burstoutcrying放声大哭burstwithanger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支(3)aburstof…一阵……；突然爆发……burstintotears夯基—完成句子。①Uponhisappearancetherewas__________________

applause.他一出现就爆发了一阵掌声。②Hearingthebadnews,he________________anddecidedtotakeactiontofightback.听到这个坏消息，他勃然大怒，并决定采取行动反击。③Thepolice_________andarrestedthethief.警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。aburstof

burstwithanger

burstin

提能—一句多译。这个可爱的小男孩竟然当众哭了起来，这让所有的宾客哄堂大笑。④Thelovelyboy________________inpublic,whichmadealltheguests___________________.(burstinto)⑤Thelovelyboy________________inpublic,whichmadealltheguests__________________.(burstout)burstintotears

burstintolaughter

burstoutcrying

burstoutlaughing

【知识构建】theinjured伤员(2)injuryn.

伤;伤口;伤害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb. 伤害某人*Whatthenewsreported

herfame.新闻上报道的事情严重损害了她的名誉。5.injurevt.

损害;伤害(1)injuredadj.受伤的didagreatinjuryto【例析】单句语法填空①Asalways,youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntoprevent_______(injure).②I’mfeelingverysorrytotellyouthatIhavetochangeourplantovisitYunnaninJuly,becauseoneofmyfeetgot_______(injure).

injuriesinjured【易混辨析】injure多指意外事故造成的伤害,也可指对名誉、地位的损害wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤,身体上出现明显的伤口,多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt多指精神上受到伤害,也可指身体上的疼痛harm指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害,损害,有害于”。常用短语doharmto“对……有害”5．buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入(1)buryone’shead/faceinhands双手抱头/掩面(2)beburiedin＝buryoneselfin专心于beburiedinthought沉思表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：bedevotedtobelost/engaged/absorbedinfocus/concentrateonfix/concentrateone’sattentionon夯基—单句语法填空。①Hewalkedslowly,hishand________(bury)inhispocket.②_________(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.③Shesatthereandsaidnothing,________(bury)inthought.buried

Burying

buried

提能—句式升级。④Becausesheburiedherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.→_________________________，shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)→_________________，shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Buryingherselfinthefilm

Buriedinthefilm

7．agreatnumberof许多；大量largequantitiesof后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。largeamountsof后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形式。thenumberof后跟可数名词复数作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。夯基—单句语法填空。①Alargenumberofbooks________________(steal)fromthelibrarysofar.②Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacross_____________(decline)by50percentinrecentyears.③Morethanonedoctor_____________(involve)intherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.havebeenstolen

hasdeclined

wasinvolved

④Onesurveyshowsthatlargeamountsofwater___________(waste)everyyearinChina,andthatonethirdisavailabletobesaved.⑤Largequantitiesoflandinthearea__________________(reserve)fornationalparkstheseyears,which_____(be)nowhometobears,wolves,andotherwildanimals.⑥Agreatdealofmoney____________(donate)toauniversitybyanordinaryworker,whicharousedpublicattention.arewasted

havebeenreserved

are

wasdonated

3.injure适当形式填空The_______personwasbadly_______inthechest.Thedoctorcouldn’tseehis______,forhewaslyingonhisstomach.injuredinjuredinjury4.bury一句多译由于他埋头于书本,所以不知道外面下雨了。①_________________________________,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.②________________,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.③________________________,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.BecauseheburiedhimselfinhisbookBuriedinhisbookBuryinghimselfinhisbook5.judge适当形式填空_______fromhislooks,hemustbeanhonestman.Onthecontrary,heoftenrobsandsteals,sothe_____pointedoutthatamanshouldnotbe______byhislooks.Judgingjudgejudged6.用所给单词的适当形式填空①Afterthecrash,anambulancetookthe_______(injure)tohospitalimmediately.②________(shock)atthesadnews,myauntstoodtherestill,notknowingwhattosay.③Weofferedour______________(congratulate)toyouonyourpassingthe2015CollegeEntranceExamination.injuredShockedcongratulations④Whenpeopleusewordsand__________(express)differentfromthe“standardlanguage”,itiscalledadialect.⑤This_________(frighten)boywhosemotherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.expressionsfrightened第二板块常考短语句式1.atanend结束;终结【例析】①Myholidayisat___endandImustgobacktoworktomorrow.②Whydidtheboyhavetearsinhiseyes__theend?anin【短语串记】使……结束cometoanend 完成;结束intheend 最后makeendsmeet 量入为出;使收支平衡attheendof 在……尽头(末)bytheendof 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)(2)endupwith以……结束(3)ending n.

结局,结尾endless adj.无止境的;连续的too＋adj./adv.＋(forsb.)todosth.“(对某人来说)太……不能……”，表示否定意义。1.Inthefarmyard,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农家院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。too…to在下列情况下表示肯定意义：①当too前面有副词far，much，but，only修饰，此结构没有否定意义，而表示肯定。②too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，表示肯定意义。③too…to…中的too前面有never，can’t等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。can’t…too/enough…表示“无论……也不为过”。①(牛津高阶)It’s_____________anythingaboutitnow.现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。②You____________________whiledrivingacar.在开车时，你越小心越好。③Heisonly________________acceptyourinvitation.他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。toolatetodo

can’tbetoocareful

toodelightedto

④Uponhearingtheteacher’stalk,thechildrenprobablyfeltthatitsounded_________________.听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真实。toogoodtobetrue

没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。/任何事都是值得庆祝的。Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.Itseems/looksasif…“似乎/好像……”。asif引导表语从句。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界好像到了末日。(1)asif从句用陈述语气从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的(2)asif从句用虚拟语气从句所述不真实或极少有可能发生①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)③从句用would/could/mightdo形式(与将来的事实相反)夯基—单句语法填空①Don’thandlethevaseasifit______(be)madeofsteel.②ThemanIfollowedsuddenlystoppedasif_______(see)ifhewasgoingintherightdirection.were

tosee

③Look!Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit____(be)goingtorain.

④Whenapencilispartlyputintoaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____________(break).is

werebroken

提能—单句写作。⑦(福建高考书面表达)一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。Ayoungcoupleinaboatwereeat