2022年住院医师规范化培训年度英语考试

2022年住院医师规范化培训年度英语考试考试时间60分钟，总分100分。您的姓名：[填空题]*_________________________________培训年级[单选题]*○2020级○2021级○2019级培训专业[单选题]*○儿科○妇产科一、单选题A1（请为画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项，每题只有一个正确答案，共80分，每小题2分）1、Ittookmeexactlyaweektocompletethework．（）[单选题]*A、startB、achieveC、finish(正确答案)D、improve2、He’sspentyearscultivatingaknowledgeofart．（）[单选题]*A、sharingB、usingC、denyingD、developing(正确答案)3、Jumpingspidershaveexcellenteyesightandcanseetheirpreyfromadistancetwentytimestheirownlength．（）[单选题]*A、victim(正确答案)B、targetC、nestD、prize4、AfterseeingsomeofLouisKahn’sarchitecturalplans，JonasSalkaskedhimtobuildalaboratoryinLaJolla，California．（）[单选题]*A、permittedB、wantedC、requested(正确答案)D、hired5、TheboatsoftheearliestvoyagerstotheNorthAmericancontinentwereexceptionallywellbuilt．（）[单选题]*A、shoesB、plowsC、barnsD、ships(正确答案)6、Americanjournalistsoftenoverstateasituationtomakethenewsmorestimulating．（）[单选题]*A、exaggerate(正确答案)B、inspireC、animateD、misinterpret7、Suchadatabasewouldbeextremelycostlytosetup．（）[单选题]*A、establish(正确答案)B、destroyC、updateD、transfe8、Didsheaccepthisresearchproposal?（）[单选题]*A、invitationB、plan(正确答案)C、offerD、view9、Pearlfishing，orthesearchforpearl-bearingoysters，takesplaceinshallowwaters．（）[单选题]*A、istaughtB、occurs(正确答案)C、isprohibitedD、starts10、I’mworkingwithaguyfromLondon．（）[单选题]*A、teacherB、studentC、friendD、man(正确答案)11、Makesurethetableissecurelyanchored．（）[单选题]*A、repairedB、clearedC、bookedD、fixed(正确答案)12、Maineisjustlyfamousforitsbeautifullakesandponds．（）[单选题]*A、onlyB、rightfully(正确答案)C、legallyD、simply13、IfweIeavenow，weshouldmissthetraffic．（）[单选题]*A、directB、stopC、mixD、avoid(正确答案)14、Thecompanyhastherighttoendhisemploymentatanytime．（）[单选题]*A、offerB、continueC、stop(正确答案)D、provide15、Theresidentoftheareaisunhappyaboutthenoise．（）[单选题]*A、managerB、occupant(正确答案)C、landlordD、caretaker16、We’vebeenthroughsomeroughtimestogether．（）[单选题]*A、longB、shortC、happyD、difficul(正确答案)17、WhataremychancesofpromotionifIstayhere?（）[单选题]*A、retirementB、advertisementC、advancement(正确答案)D、replacement18、Thepolicetookfingerprintsandidentifiedthebody．（）[单选题]*A、discoveredB、touchedC、recognized(正确答案)D、missed19、Thecourageousboyhasbeenthesubjectofmassivemediacoverage．（）[单选题]*A、extensive(正确答案)B、continuousC、instantD、quick20、Theherbmedicineeventuallycuredherdisease．（）[单选题]*A、nicelyB、apparentlyC、naturallyD、finally(正确答案)21、Weshouldnotsacrificeenvironmentalprotectionstofostereconomicgrowth．（）[单选题]*A、reduceB、promote(正确答案)C、realizeD、give22、Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners．（）[单选题]*A、similarB、badC、polite(正确答案)D、usual23、Theloveofmoneyistherootofallevil（）[单选题]*A、resultB、endC、cause(正确答案)D、force24、Sheonlyneedsaminuteamountofmoney．（）[单选题]*A、certainB、fairC、fullD、small(正确答案)25、Thechairmanproposedthatweshopthemeeting．（）[单选题]*A、statedB、announcedC、demandedD、suggested(正确答案)26、One’seconomicconditionoftenaffectshisorherwayoflife．（）[单选题]*A、determinesB、showsC、confinesD、influences(正确答案)27、Wepackedupthethingswehadaccumulated(积累)overthelastthreeyears．（）[单选题]*A、ateB、recentC、finalD、past(正确答案)28、Thepolicemanaskedhimtoidentifythethief．（）[单选题]*A、describe(正确答案)B、nameC、captureD、call29、ThoughhewasborninAmerica，hecanspeaksmoothChinese．（）[单选题]*A、perfectB、fluent(正确答案)C、poorD、flowing30、SincetheGreatDepression，theUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices．（）[单选题]*A、slightB、surprisingC、suddenD、harmful(正确答案)31、MaryjusttoldUSaveryfascinatingstory．（）[单选题]*A、strangeB、frighteningC、difficultD、interesting(正确答案)32、RodmanmetwithTonytotryandsettlethedisputeovertheircontract．（）[单选题]*A、solve(正确答案)B、avoidC、markD、involve33、Hepaused，waitingforhertodigesttheinformation．（）[单选题]*A、withholdB、exchangeC、understand(正确答案)D、contact34、Thetestproduceddisappointingresults．（）[单选题]*A、unsatisfactory(正确答案)B、indirectC、similarD、positive35、Joecametothewindowasthecrowdchanted“Joe!Joe!Joe!”（）[单选题]*A、repeated(正确答案)B、jumpedC、maintainedD、approached36、Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners．（）[单选题]*A、similarB、badC、polite(正确答案)D、usual37、Thethiefwasfinallycapturedtwomileawayfromthevillage．（）[单选题]*A、caught(正确答案)B、killedC、foundD、jailed38、Eventually，shegotajobandmovedtoLondon．（）[单选题]*A、CertainlyB、LuckilyC、NaturallyD、Finally(正确答案)39、Afundamentalpremiseofafree-enterpriseeconomicsystemisthatallsmallbusinessesfacedifficultcompetition．（）[单选题]*A、confront(正确答案)B、mockC、loseD、appreciate40、Shewasclosetosuccess．（）[单选题]*A、fastB、quickC、tightD、near(正确答案)二、共用题干题（每题子题只有一个或多个正确答案，共20分，每小题2分）41、（41.1至41.5题共用以下描述）

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

SpoiltforChoice

Choice，wearegiventolbelieve，isaright．Indailylife，peoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomakedecisionsonewayoranother．Inthemain，thesearejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpower，orduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto．Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions．Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoided，postponed，orputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionals，Iifestylecoaches，lawyers，advisors，andthelike．waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee．Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld，inrichandpoorcountries，choiceisaluxury，notaright．Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices，thewholesystemismerelyanillusion，createdbycompaniesandadvertiserswantingtoselltheirwares．

Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople’slivesisanxiety．Buyingsoreethingashasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple．Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness，evenparalysis，inmanypeople·endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway，orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinorder

tosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease．RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdarenotreallyneeded．Theadvert41.1、Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedecisiontoshopinacertainsupermarketandthedecisiontodropoutofcollegeaccordingtothefirstparagraph?[单选题]*A、Theformerisarightwhilethelatterisnot．B、Thelatterhasmoreimpactonlife．(正确答案)C、Theformermayhappenformanytimesinlife．D、Thelatterrequiresafee．41.2、Whenpeoplecannoteasilydecidewhattobuy，whatistheleastpossiblechoice?[单选题]*A、Giveup．B、Walkaway．C、Buyanunsuitableitem．D、Seekadvice．(正确答案)41.3、Whydoproductshaveshortlifespannowadays?[单选题]*A、Theyaremoreoftenreplacedwithbetterones．(正确答案)B、Theyhaveworsequality．C、Theyhavetoomanyversions．D、Computertechnologyadvancestoofast．41.4、Howdoesmigrationdifferfromthepast?[单选题]*A、Peoplenowmigrateacrossthewholeearth．B、Peoplenowmigrateforbetterlife．C、Peoplenowhavemorechoiceaboutwheretomigrate．(正确答案)D、Peoplenowmigrateforbetterenvironment．41.5、Whichisthebestsummaryofthewriter’sattitudetowardschoiceinacommercialsociety?[单选题]*A、Morechoice，moreanxiety．(正确答案)B、Bettermorechoicethannochoice．C、Betternochoicethanmorechoice．D、Allchoiceisnoteasy．42、（42.1至42.5题共用以下描述）请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。DanielandJamesareidenticaltwins，separatedwhentheywerebabiesbytheirparent’sdivorce．DanielwasbroughtupbytheirJewishfatherinTrinidad，Jameswenttolivewiththeirmother'sfamilyinCzechoslovakia．InfactJamesdidnotknowhewasJewishuntilDanielfoundhiminGermanyin1954．DanielisproudtobeaJew．butJamesstilldoesnotliketotalkabouthisJewishheritage．Yetthetwinsaresimilarinmanyways．Theybothlikespicyfoodandsweetdrinks．Inschooltheybothdidwellinsportsbutpoorlyinmathematics．

Arethoughtsandbehaviordeterminedbyheredity(遗传)orbyenvironment?Socialscientistshavelongbeeninterestedinthisquestion；theresultsof“twinstudies’’areparticularlyinterestingtothem．Therearetwotypesoftwins：identicaltwins，wholookexactlythesamebecausetheyhaveidenticalgeneticcharacteristics，andfraternaltwins，whohavedifferentgeneticcharacteristics．Ina1937study，Newman，Freeman，andHalzingerfoundthatidenticaltwinsaremoresimilarinheightandweightthanfraternaltwins．Becauseidenticaltwinshavethesamegeneticcharacteristics，theconclusionwasthatsizeisdeterminedmorebyhereditythanbyenvironment．In1962，Shieldscomparedtheheight，weight，andintelligenceofidenticaltwinswhowerebroughtuptogether(inthesameenvironment)withthoseofidenticaltwinsbroughtupapart(indifferentenvironments)．Hefoundthatalthoughthedifferencesweresmall，identicaltwinswhowerebroughtuptogetherweremoresimilarthanthosebroughtupapart．Shieldsconcludedthatheight，weight，andintelligencearelargelydeterminedbyheredity．However，becauseofthedifferencesbetweenidenticaltwinsbroughtuptogetherandthosebroughtupapart，thesecharacteristicsmaybepartlydeterminedbyenvironment．

InthecaseofJamesandDaniel，heredityseemstodetermine42.1、Aftertheirparents’divorce，JamesandDaniel_______.[单选题]*A、wenttolivewiththeirmother'sfamilyB、werebroughtupbytheirfatherC、neversaweachother