小学英语情态动词知识点与练习题

情态动词【知识要点】:情态动词(Modalverbs)本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)mustnot.情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。

1原形过去式同文词组cancouldbeabletomaymightmustmust(hadto)has/havetohavetohadtomusthadbetterhadbetter可以是实意动词和情态动词，主要用于否定、疑问词句中「在肯定句中是实意动词needneededdaredaredshallshouldoughttowillwouldoughttooughttoshould【典型例题】：【专题一】：can和could的用法［例1】Canyouliftthisheavybox?（体力）解析】表示能力（体力、知识、技能）【练习】Maryspeakthreelanguages』知识）youskate?（技能）此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。I'llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。【例2】CanIgonow?Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.【解析】表示请求和允许。此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。【练习】——Icometoseeyoutomorrow?——Yes,you.No,you/I'mafraidnot.【例3】Canthisbetrue?解析】表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度）,用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。【练习】Thisbedonebyhim.Howthisbetrue?【专题二】may和might的用法：【例1】Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?No,youmustn't.【解析】表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can1・・・？在口语中更常见。【练习】——Itakethisbookoutoftheroom?——Yes,you.No,you【例2】Mayyousucceed!【解析】用于祈使句,表示祝愿。[例3]Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.【解析】表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。【练习】Yourmothernotknowthetruth.Heverybusynow.他现在可能很忙。【专题三】must和haveto的用法：【例1】Themanbeourteacher。那个人一定是我们的老师。【例2】Istudyhardbecauseofmydream.为了我的梦想我必须努力学习。【例3】1.Youcomeintime.你必须准时过来【解析】:must表示必须、必要。表示主观对事物的推测时，意为想必、一定,只用于肯定句中;表推测时，情态动词与动词原形（常为be动词）连用。而haveto强调客观需要。【练习】:1・Herplayisboring,Igonow.Yourmotherbewaitingforyounow.3.Igohome,becausemyfatherisill.【例4】---Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?--Yes,you--No,you【解析】：在回答由must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't,而用needn't,don'thaveto.must是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要。【练习】:---Musthegotoschoolnow?---Yes,he---No,he.【专题四】should及其否定式用法【例1】：Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.【解析】：should表示应该、劝告、建议和命令。【练习】:Yougotoclassrightaway.Iopenthewindow?【专题四】need的用法【例l】：Youneedn'tcomesoearly.【解析】need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替【练习】NeedIfinishtheworktoday?——Yes,you/No,you【专题五】should的用法【例1】Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.【解析】should表示应该【练习】Youtakecareofthebaby・【例2】Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.【解析】表示劝告、建议和命令。在疑问句中常用should。【练习】Iopenthewindow？【专题六】will和would的用法【例1】Iwilldoanythingforyou.【解析】表示询问，请求,将要。【练习】youpassmethebook?2.Shegotothelibrary.【例2】wouldyoutellmethewaytotheschool?【解析】表示过去的意愿或委婉提问自我检测（一）用适当的情态动词填空。MustIborrowthebookwithmyIDcard?No,youIuseyourcar?Yes,youIgohomenow?No,youstayhereandwaitfortheteacher.Mymotherisill.Istayathomeandlookafterher.5.1sendanemailtomyfriend.Youtakemoreexercise.youtellmehowtogettothePark?Wehelpeachother.youliketogofishingwithme?weplayfootballthisafternoon?（二）按要求改写句子。1.1canrunfast.（否定句）Ifast.Youmustreturnthebooknow.（—般疑问句）Ireturnthebooknow?No,you.Hecanplaybasketballwell.（—般疑问句）Hebasketballwell?Theymusttakethebooksoutoftheroom・（否定句）Theythebooksoutoftheroom.Hewillgetupearly.（否定句）Hegetupearly.（三）选择题。1.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIforher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitouD.oughttowriteitout2.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—Itacomfortablejourney.A.can'tbeB.shouldn'tbeC.mustn'thavebeenD.couldn'thavebeenIt'snearlyseveno'clock.Jackbehereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.canJohnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn'tThefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—Theybereadyby12:00.

A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needA.canB.shouldC.mightD.need—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed—AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?—I'mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.mightIwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.mayAleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebagsbeleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.willIwonderhowhethattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsayWhenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.mightIthasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shallHowyousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlyapartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may—Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoin.Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.C.ShallD.ShouldA.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should■答案解析.（一）、1.needn't/don'thaveto2.Cancan3.Maymust4.haveto5.will6.should7.can/could8.must/should9.Would10.can（二）l.Can'trun2.Mustneedn't3.Canplay4.can'ttakewouldn't（三）1.C°“oughtto/shouldhave+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做但却没做某事。“…也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”D°“couldn'thave+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。Conearly暗示“时间不早了”，Jack“按理应当（should）随时（atanymoment）”都有可能到达这里。must语气过强；can一般不用于肯定推测;need意义不通，也不用于肯定句。Bomustn't（不许、千万不）表示禁止。may表示可能性。句意为“你千万不要玩刀子，可能会弄伤自己的”。Do表示过去具体某次“能够”做成某事只能用was/wereableto而不用couldoBoshould表示按理应当，大概。can一般不用于肯定推测;用might语气太不肯定，顾客可能走掉。Aocouldhavedone表示本可以做但却没有做的事。句意为“你本来可以住在Barbara那儿的”湎musthavedone只表示有把握的肯定推测，这与前面具有疑问语气的Oh,didyou?不符。D。语境明显提示“我可能(might)要去听音乐会”。B。表示轻微的责