英语语法时态的几种转换

形容词和副词

no

+…

二

介词I.

要点1、介词和种类(1)

简单介词，常用的有at,

in,

on,

about,

across,

before,

beside,

for

to,

without

等。(2)

复合介词，如

by

means

of,

along

with,

because

of,

in

front

of,

instead

of等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1)

和动词的搭配，如agree

with,

ask

for,

belong

to,

break

away

from,

care

about

等。(2)

和形容词的搭配，如afraid

of,

angry

with,

different

from,

good

at(3)

和名词的搭配，如answer

to

key

to,

reason

for,

cause

of,

visit

to等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,

just,

badly,

all,

well,directly,

completely

等少数几个副词。如：He

came

right

after

dinner.He

lives

directly

opposite

the

school.4、

某些介词的意义与用法举例(1)

at,

on,

in(表时间)表示时间点用

at,如

at

four

o'clock,

at

midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用

at,如

at

that

time,

at

Christmas等。指某天用

on,

如

on

Monday,

on

the

end

of

November,

指某天的朝夕用on,如

onFriday

morning,

on

the

afternoon

of

September

lst等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in

the

afternoon,

in

February,

in

Summer,

in

1999等。(2)

between,

among(表位置)between

仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用

between,

如I'm

sitting

between

Tom

and

Alice.The

village

lies

between

three

hills.among

用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He

is

the

best

among

the

students.(3)

beside,

besidesbeside

意为"在…旁边"，而

besides

意为"除…之外"。如：He

sat

beside

me.What

do

you

want

besides

this?(4)in

the

tree,

on

the

treein

the

tree

指动物或人在树上，而on

the

tree

指果实、树叶长在树上(5)on

the

way,

in

the

way,

by

the

way,

in

this

wayon

the

way

指在路上

in

the

way

指挡道by

the

way

指顺便问一句

in

this

way

用这样的方法(6)in

the

corner,

at

the

cornerin

the

corner

指在拐角内

at

the

corner

指在拐角外(7)in

the

morning,

on

the

morningin

the

morning

是一般说法

on

the

morning

特指某一天的早晨(8)by

bus,

on

the

busby

bus

是一般说法

on

the

bus

特指乘某一辆车II.

例题例

1

Do

you

know

any

other

foreign

language____

English?A

except

B

but

C

beside

D

besides解析：A、B

两项

except

等于

but，意为"除了…"，C-beside

意为"在…旁边"，不符合

D-besides, 意为"除了…"D除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例

2

He

suddenly

returned

____

a

rainy

night.A

on

B

at

C

in

D

during解析：我们均知道，at

night

这一短语，但如果

night

前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词

on

来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例

3

I'm

looking

forward

____your

letter.A

to

B

in

C

at

D

on解析：该题正确答案为

A。look

forward

to

为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。三

连词I.

要点1、

连词的种类(1)

并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and,

for,

or,

both…and,either…or,

neither…nor

等。(2)

从属连词用来引导从句，如that,

if,

whether,

when,

after,

as

soon

as等。除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。2、

常用连词举例(1)and

和，并且They

drank

and

sang

all

night.(2)

both…and

和，

既…也…Both

my

parents

and

went

there.(3)

but

但是，而I'm

sad,

but

he

is

happy.(4)

either…or

或…或…，

要么…要么…Either

you're

wrong,

or

am.(5)

for

因为

asked

him

to

stay,

for

had

something

to

tell

him.(6)

however

然而，可是Af

first,

he

didn't

want

to

go

there.

Later,

however,

he

decided

to

go(7)

neither…nor

既不…也不Neither

my

parents

nor

my

aunt

agrees

with

you.(8)

not

only…but(also)

不但…而且…He

not

only

sings

well,

but

also

dances

well.(9)

or

或者，否则Hurry

up,

or

you'll

be

late.Are

you

a

worker

or

a

doctor?(10)

so

因此，所以It's

getting

late,

so

must

go.(11)

although

虽然Although

it

was

late,

they

went

on

working.(12)

as

soon

as

一

…就

tell

him

as

soon

as

see

him.(13)

because

因为He

didn't

go

to

school,

because

he

was

ill.(14)unless

除非，如果不

won't

go

unless

it

is

fine

tomorrow.(15)until

直到…He

didn't

leave

until

eleven.

(瞬间动词用于

not…

until

结构)He

stayed

there

until

eleven.(16)while

当…时候，而

(表示对比)While

stayed

there,

met

a

friend

of

mine.

(while后不可用瞬间动词)My

pen

is

red

while

his

is

blue.(17)for

因为He

was

for

he

didn't

come.

(结论是推断出来的)(18)since

自从…

have

lived

here

since

my

uncle

left.(19)hardly…

when

一…

就

had

hardly

got

to

the

station

when

the

train

left.(20)as

far

as

就…

来说As

far

as

know,

that

country

is

very

small.You

may

walk

as

far

as

the

lake.

(一直走到湖那里)II.

例题例

1

John

plays

football

____,

if

not

better

than,

David.A

as

well

B

as

well

as

C

so

well

D

so

well

as解析：该题意为：John

踢足球如果不比

David

好的话，那也踢得和David

一样好。

和…一样好为

as

well

as.

故该题正确答案为

B。例

2

She

thought

was

talking

about

her

daughter,

____,

in

fact,

was

talkingabout

my

daughter.A

when

B

where

C

which

D

while解析：该处意为"然而"，只有

while

有此意思，故选D。例3

Would

you

like

a

cup

of

coffee

____

shall

we

get

down

to

business

right

away?A.

and

B.

then

C.

or

D.

otherwise解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为

C。四动词时态、语态I.

要点1、

一般现在时(1)

表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes,

always,

often,every

day

等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes,

we

go

swimming

after

school.(2)

表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The

earth

goes

round

the

sun.2、

现在进行时(1)

表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now,

at

present

等时间状语连用。如：What

are

you

doing

now?(2)

和

always,

continually

等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：He

is

always

doing

good

deeds.3、

现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能

just,

already,

so

far,

once,

never

:Have

you

ever

been

toBeijing?4、一般将来时

tomorrow,

next

year

等连用。如：

meet

you

at

the

school

gate

tomorrow

morning.We're

going

to

see

a

film

next

Monday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,last

year,

in

1998,

a

moment

ago

等词连用。如：It

happened

many

years

ago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：What

were

you

doing

this

time

yesterday?7、

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：The

train

had

already

left

before

we

arrived.8、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：He

said

he

would

come,

but

he

didn't.9、被动语态

被动语态的时态，以give

为例。时／式 一般 进行 完成现在

am

is given

are

am

is being

are

has been

given

have过去

was given

were

was being

given

were

had

been

given将来

shall be

given

will

shall have

been

given

will过去将来

should be

given

would

should have

been

given

wouldII.例题 例

1

learned

that

her

father

____

in

1950.A

had

died B

died C

dead D

is

dead解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的in

1950,

般过去时态。例

2

The

five-year-old

girl

____

by

her

parents.A

is

looked

B

has

looked

forC

is

being

looked

for

D

has

been

looked解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。五动词虚拟语气I.

要点表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。1、

虚拟语气的构成注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were

或

had,

should,

could有时可将

if

省去但要倒装。如：Had

you

(If

you

had)

invited

us,

we

would

have

come

to

your

party.2、

虚拟语气在各种从句的应用(1)

在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省)

＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一：It

is

necessary

(important,

natural,

strange,

etc)

that…句型二：It

is

a

pity

(a

shame,

no

wonder,

etc)

that…句型三：It

is

suggested

(requested,

proposed,

desired,

etc)

that…如：

It

is

strange

that

he

(should)

have

done

that.It

is

a

pity

that

he

(should)

be

so

careless.It

is

requested

that

we

(should)

be

so

careless.(2)

在宾语从句中用于suggest,

propose,

move,

insist,

desire,

demand,

request,order,

command

"(should)+动词原形"。如：

suggest

that

we

(should)

go

swimming.(3)

在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是

suggestion,

proposal,

request,

orders,

idea等。从句谓语形式是"(s