每日一课100天已完结-04高级篇

AbrahamFourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.ItisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddoBut,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallow—thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthat ernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.一 词scoreskɔrnlibertylɪbɚti]nengageɪn’geɪdʒvtvicivil[‘sɪv(ə)l]adj.国民的；平民的portion[‘pɔrʃən]n.部分；一份consecratekɔnsi,kreit]vthallow[ˈhæləʊ]vt.把……奉为神圣detractdɪ’træktvinoblynəʊblɪadv.measuremeʒɚvt.&vi.测量；估量nvainveɪnadjperish[‘perɪʃ]vi.bringforthbeconceivedinbeengagedin忙于……；与……交战（正式用法civilwaraportionofinalargersenseinvainernmentofthepeoplebythepeopleforthepeopleperishfrom

够长久生存下去。我们在这场中的一个重要战场上，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场土地的一Fourscoreandsevenyearsyearsago，字面意思就是“4个20年和7年前”，也就是：87年前这是一个非常有话题性的表达，很多同学可能都会问：为什么不直接说87yearsago，还要这么绕弯可以明显感觉到，那就是无论从单个单词的发音，还是从整体措辞的韵律上来看，Fourscoreandsevenyearsago，都显然要比87yearsago听起来更加有力。 版》（KingJamesBible）的《旧约·诗篇》第90篇第10节里，就写着daysofouryearsarethreescoreyearsandten.（我们的是3个20年和1个10年——也就是“我们可以活70岁”的意思。）不管怎么讲，Fourscoreandsevenyearsago，因为林肯的这次，而变成了一个英语里非常有名有一个梦想》，在一开始就用到了Fivescoreyearsago，也就是“100年前”。ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewconceivedinLiberty,（这个国家）受孕于中，anddedicatedtotheproposition并且致力于一种主张什么主张呢？然后是一个that引导的定语从句：thatallmenarecreatedequal.人皆生而现，从林肯葛底斯堡的1863年倒推87年，正好是正式宣布从英国独立的那一年。则，那就是“自由和”，很高明地把人的心聚到了一起，也为林肯接下来的话做好了铺垫。我Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilbeengagedinsth.，表示“参与/卷入某事、忙于某事”。这句话我们可以理解whetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlong这个句子这么长，其实简化一下就是whetherAorBcanlongendure.（A或B是否能够长久持续下来。）其中的AB，指的是thatnationoranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated（那个国家Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.我们在这场中的一个重要战场上。Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,aportionof，表示“一部分”。asafinalrestingplace作为一个最后的安息之所forthosewhoheregavetheirlivesWehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.ItisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddoButinalargersense,但是从更大的意义上来讲，wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallow—thisground.dedicate,consecrate,hallow三个词一起说出来的时候，就形成了一种非常常见的技巧，也就是Thebravemen,那些的人们livinganddead,仍然在世或已经死去（的人），然后是一个who引导的定语从句来修饰这些人：whostruggledhere,在这里抗争过（的人），haveconsecratedit,已经把这块土地圣化了，faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,将几乎不会留意norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.但是却不会忘记他们在这里做过什么对应对应（做）。并且林肯讲这句话的出发点没有单纯放在，而是放在了世界（theworld），这也是一种把Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.整句话首先由一个句式贯穿，叫做：Itisforsb.todosth.，表示“就而言应该做某事”Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedtotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced（的事业）Itisratherforustobeherededicated在一定程度上来说，这要求我们在这里把自己奉献出来tothegreattaskremainingbeforeus奉献给停留在我们前方的伟大任务wetakeincreaseddevotion我们要汲取的献身（精神）tothatcause然后是一个forwhich引导的定语从句，来修饰thatcause：forwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureof—thatweherehighly什么样的决心呢？然后是一个that引导的宾语从句：thatthesedeadshallnothavediedinshallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—and ernmentofthepeople,属于人民（的），bythepeople,人民治理（的），forthepeople,为了人民（的shallnotperishfromtheearth.将不会从地球上 ernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople（民有、民治、民享的政Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion——要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取的献身精神，来完成他们已—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom——要使这个国家在上帝下—andthaternmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.——要使这个民有、民治、民享的永世长存。度来讲，大家可能会发现这篇讲稿可能并不是非常接地气，里面大量的诸如dedicated,noblyhonored,devotion,highlyresovle,God,birth,freedom等等之类的词汇，我们哪怕是真正需要的时候也不另外，2012年，出了一部叫做《拯救林肯》（SavingLincoln），演员汤姆·德茨（TomAbrahamFourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.ItisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddoBut,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallow—thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthat ernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.够长久生存下去。我们在这场中的一个重要战场上，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场土地的一scoreskɔrn.这个词和scar（刻痕）相关，指的是古代欧洲人的一种常见的“刻痕”，比如要数一些数量庞大的羊群，一条刻痕就代表“二十只羊”，这样就没必要刻太多的痕迹，所以score作名词也就有了“二十”的意思。而score后来演变成“分数”的意思，也是“刻痕计数”的延伸含义。libertylɪbɚti]n.就叫做StatueofLiberty。propositionprɑpə’zɪʃənn.提议；命题；主张proposeprə’pəʊzvt前缀pro-表示“向前”；后面的pose是“摆”。propose的字面意思是“上前摆个架势”，指的是“提出自己的看法、建议”，也就是动词“提议”的意思。比如说：Iproposemoreadvertisingforthisproject.（我提议对这个计划多做。）达。比如说：Herboyfriendproposedtoherlastnight.（男朋友昨晚向她求婚了。）toyou.（向您提个业务上的建议。）或者说：Theyweredebatingthepropositionthat"Allpeoplearecreatedequal”.（他们正就“人人生而”这一命题开展辩论。）engage[ɪn’geɪdʒ]vt.吸引住（注意力、）；聘用；与……交战vi.从是“承诺对别人服务付出的”。engage的字面意思，是“进入承诺当中”，作动词可以表示“吸引”，也就是“用某种表现将对方圈起来”，是一个比较正式的用法。比如说：Thisisamoviethatengagesboththemindandtheeye.（这是一部令人赏心悦目的。）todealwithallmypaperwork.（我雇用了一名来处理我全部的文书工作。）engageinsth.，表示“参与某事”。比如说：Heengagedinthatcriminalactivity.（他参另一个叫做engagesb.insth.，表示“让参与、从事某事”。比如说：Hetriedtoengagetheshyboyintheconversation.（他试着让那个的男孩参与到当中来。）在生活当中，还有一个很常见的表达，叫做beengagedtosb.，表示“和订婚”，也就是“承诺和在一起”。比如说：She’sengagedtoPeter.（她和彼得订了婚。）另外再跟大家补充一个点，刚才我们提到一个词，叫做wage（工资），有的同学可能和salary分不清工的工资”，就叫做wage；而salary往往指的是“固定每月或者每年的工资”，大家不要搞混。civilsɪv(ə)l]adj.这个词和city（城市）是同源词。civil作形容词，最开始指的是人类从散居发展到城市生活之后的状Helicoptersaremainlyusedformilitaryratherthanciviluse.（直升机主要是用于军事，而不是民英语当中由civil延伸出来的单词，有一个非常常见，叫做：civilizesivilaizvt比如说：Hisparentshopedthatboardingschoolmightcivilizehim.（他的父母希望寄宿学校能够教化他。）这里的boardingschool，就是“寄宿学校”的意思。westerncivilization（西方文明）等等。portionpɔrʃənn.portpart（部分）相关，作名词表示“部分、一份”。比如说：Sheorderedaportionoffriedeggs.（她点了一份煎鸡蛋。）.前缀con-表示“共同、一起”，这里起到的是强调的作用；中间的-secr-是词根“神圣”，我们之前学过sacred（神圣的），就是词根-sacr-加上一个形容词后缀-ed。consecrate作动词，表示“使神圣、圣化”，是一个典型的的词汇。在当中，consecrate可以表示“把一个地方作为神圣的用途”，也叫做“祝圣”。比如说：Thechurchwasconsecratedin1853.（这座教堂于1853年祝圣。consecrate作动词，也可以表示“宣称一个人作为神职”。比如说：Hewasconsecratedasbishoplastyear.（他去年被祝圣为主教。）hallowˈhæləʊvt.把……这也是一个词汇，从用法上和consecrate一样，都可以表示“使圣化、把……奉为神圣”。比如说：ThebreadandwinehasbeenhallowedbybeingdedicatedtoGod.（面包和葡萄酒被作为圣detractdɪ’træktvi.示“减去、减分”，生活当中通常和from连用，表示“从某处减去、减分”。比如说：Hisbadmannersdetractfromhisgoodcharacter.（他的不礼貌给他的品质减分了。）measuremeʒɚvt.&vi.测量；估量n.measmeter（“米”，计量单位）相关。measure如说：He’smeasuringthespacetoseeifthetablefitsinthere.（他在测量那块空地，看看桌子放measureThereisnowayofmeasuringthedamagethestormcaused.（暴风雨造成的损失无法估量。）measure处理办法”。比如说：Wemusttakepropermeasurestoreducecrimesinthearea.（须采vainveɪnadj.in连用（invain），表示“处于徒劳的境地之中”。比如说：Hetriedtofixthetablebutinvain.生活当中，vain而已”。比如说：Heisveryvainabouthisappearance.（他对自己的长相非常自负。）vanityˈvænətin汉语当中对应把这个词翻译成“虚荣”，非常贴切。有个老牌生活杂志，叫做VanityFair（名利perish[‘perɪʃ]vi.前面的亡、”。比如说：Threehundredpeopleperishedintheearthquake.（300人在此次中丧生。）或者说：Earlybuildingsweremadeofwood,andhaveperished.（早期的建筑物是木质结'Four↗'score↗and'seven↗yearsa'go/'our↗fathersb'rought↗'forth↗on'this↗continent,a'new↗nation,b’rought尾音tforthoncon'ceived↗in'Liberty↗,and'dedicatedtothe'propo'sitionthat'allmenare语音：con'ceivedindedicated尾音dtotə]（全文标出）；that音t不读（that引导词全文标出，代词that除外）。'Now↗weareen'gaged↗ina'great↗'civilwar,'testingwhether'that↗nation,or'anynation'so↗con'ceived↗and'so↗'dedicated↗,can'long↗en'dure↘.Weare'met↗/ona'great↗'battle-fieldof'that↗Wehave'come↗todedicatea'portionof'that↗field,asa'final'restingplace/for'those↗whohere'gave↗their'livesthat'that↗'nation↗/'mightlive↘.语音：dedicateaportionofasathatthat1个that弱读+尾音t读，第2个’that尾音t不读；might尾音t不读。Itis'alto'gether'fitting↗/and'proper/thatweshould'doBut,ina'largersense,wecan'not↗'dedicate—wecan'not↗'consecrate—wecan'not↗'hallow—this'ground↘.语音：Butina3not尾音tThe'brave↗men,'livingand'dead,whos'truggledhere,have'consecratedit,'far↗above'our↗'poor↗powerto'add↗orde'tract↘.The'world↗/will'littlenote,nor'long↗remember/whatwe'sayhere,butitcan'never↗forget/whatthey'didhere↘.Itisfor'us/the'living,rather,tobe'dedicatedheretothe'unfinished'workwhich'they↗who'foughtherehave'thus↗farso'noblyad'vanced↘.Itis'rather↗for'us↗to'behere/'dedicatedtothe'great↗'taskre'mainingbe'fore—thatfrom'these↗'honored↗'dead/wetakein'creased↗de'votiontothatcausefor'which↗'they'gavethe'last↗'full↗'measureofde'votion—that'we↗here/'highlyre'solvethat'these↗deadshall‘not/have'died↗in—that'this↗'nation,'under'God,shallhavea'new↗birth/of—andthat ernment'of↗the'people,'by↗the'people,for↗/the'people,shallnot/fromthe语音：not尾音ttheearth'Four↗'score↗and'seven↗yearsa'go/'our↗fathersb'rought↗'forth↗on'this↗continent,a'new↗nation,con'ceived↗in'Liberty↗,and'dedicatedtothe'propo'sitionthat'allmenarecre'ated‘equal↘.'Now↗weareen'gaged↗ina'great↗'civilwar,'testingwhether'that↗nation,or'anynation'so↗con'ceived↗and'so↗'dedicated↗,can'long↗en'dure↘.Weare'met↗/ona'great↗'battle-fieldof'that↗war↘.Wehave'come↗todedicatea'portionof'that↗field,asa'final'restingplace/for'those↗whohere'gave↗theirlivesthat'that↗'nation↗/'mightlive↘.Itis'alto'gether'fitting↗/and'proper/thatweshould'dothis↘.But,ina'largersense,wecan'not↗'dedicate—wecan'not↗'consecrate—wecan'not↗'hallow—this'ground↘.The'brave↗men,'livingand'dead,whos'truggledhere,have'consecratedit,'far↗above'our↗'poor↗powerto'add↗orde'tract↘.The'world↗/will'littlenote,nor'long↗remember/whatwe'sayhere,butitcan'never↗forget/whatthey'didhere↘.Itisfor'us/the'living,rather,tobe'dedicatedheretothe'unfinished'workwhich'they↗who'foughtherehave'thus↗farso'noblyad'vanced↘.Itis'rather↗for'us↗to'behere/'dedicatedtothe'great↗'taskre'mainingbe'foreus—thatfrom'these↗'honored↗'dead/wetakein'creased↗de'votiontothatcausefor'which↗'they'gavethe'last↗'full↗'measureofde'votion—that'we↗here/'highlyre'solvethat'these↗deadshall‘not/have'died↗in'vain—that'this↗'nation,'under'God,shallhavea'new↗birth/of‘freedom—andthat' ernment'of↗the'people,'by↗the'people,for↗/the'people,shallnot'perish/fromthe'earth↘.1.语言点回顾：Abraham (二十)andsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty ),anddedicatedto (主张)thatallmenarecreatedNowweareengaged( )inagreat (国民的)war,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicatea (部分)ofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.Butinalargersensewecannotdedicate—wecan (圣化)—wecannot )—thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddor (减去).Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfar (高贵地；崇高地)advanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfull (测量；措施)ofdevotion—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedin (徒劳的)—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthat ernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnot()fromthe liberty自 engage与……交战 civil国民的；平民的 portion部分；一份consecrate使神圣，圣化 hallow把……奉为神圣 detract减去；减分nobly崇高地；高贵地 measure测量；措施 vain徒劳的perishAbrahamFourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.ItisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddoBut,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallow—thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Thewo