USelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件

AmericanPresidential

ElectionPreparedby:May

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度AmericanPresidentialElection1StartwiththeConstitution(宪法)

quadrennial

TheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.BasicintroductionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度StartwiththeConstitution(宪法2ContentPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度ContentUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度3Terms:NomorethantwotermsortenyearsUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度USelectoralsystem美国选举制度4Rewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirementPresidentialJobDescriptionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度PresidentialJobDescriptionUS5党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的领导USelectoralsystem美国选举制度党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的6（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationprocess)总统候选人竞选正式选举(generalelection)primaryelction党的全国代表大会procedureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnextJan选举人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一

大选日选民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二

国会两院联席会议上计票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大选结果declareelectionresults1月20日宣誓就职nomination（1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制（2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制（3）1968年至今的预选提名制USelectoralsystem美国选举制度（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationproc7PresidentialElectionSystemElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.USelectoralsystem美国选举制度PresidentialElectionSystemEl8Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstate'sallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.

PresidentialElectionSystemTotalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度Moststatelawsestablishawi9“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:MaineandNebraskaWherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?USelectoralsystem美国选举制度“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:M1008年美国选举人分布USelectoralsystem美国选举制度08年美国选举人分布USelectoralsystem美国选11538electors100Senators435Congressmen3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia535RepresentativesinCongressUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度538electors1004353electors51250states538Senate100HouseofRepresentatives435ColombiaDC3选举人和选举人团制美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度50states538Senate100House134.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug-uration总统就职仪式ProcessofpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度4.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug14EachstatehasitsownelectorsEachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(选举委员会）大规模的USelectoralsystem美国选举制度Eachstatehasitsownelector15TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeupthe"ElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.

Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(>50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.IndirectDirectUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度IndirectDirectUSelectoralsyste16Thecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.

Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣传造势）.Thisprocesscostslots.

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度Thecandidatesofthemajorpa17总统大选电视辩论2012第一场USelectoralsystem美国选举制度总统大选电视辩论2012第一场USelectoralsys18turnoutin2008MaccineadmitedhisfailureObamawontheelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度turnoutin2008Maccineadmited19NationalRepresentativesConference

AfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidate

Theybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaims

theirownpoliticalprogrammes

votersgivepromises

Servethepeoplevotersgetmoresupport

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度NationalRepresentativesConfe20二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyoneself2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponentsUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyones21Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;USelectoralsystem美国选举制度Time:thefirstTuesdayafter225.Inauguration:JanuaryinthenextyearUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度5.Inauguration:Januaryinth23USelectoralsystem美国选举制度USelectoralsystem美国选举制度24FactorsinfluencingturnoutSatisfactionQualityofcampaigns:lackofrealissues;negativeadvertisingFrequencyandlengthofelectionsFrequentpublicpollsMuchcoveragebythemediaTroublesomeregisteringprocessUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度FactorsinfluencingturnoutUSe25NegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionVerycostlyandmoneyconsumingcampaign;2008electioncostmorethan1billionUSDUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度NegativeImpactof

Americanp26Inthefiercecompetition,alotofimmoraltrick

hasbeenused;personalattacksanddefamearealwaysbeenusedinthecampaignNegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度NegativeImpactof

Americanp27Theexistingelectionsystemmakeitdifficultforotherthirdparty(exceptDemocraticandPublic)tobeelected.NegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度NegativeImpactof

Americanp28USelectoralsystem美国选举制度2022/12/19USelectoralsystem美国选举制度2022/1229USelectoralsystem美国选举制度2022/12/19USelectoralsystem美国选举制度2022/1230Whatwecanlearnfrom

AmericanpresidentialelectionTotallytransparentelectionprocess;Fullycompetitiveelectionprocess;Maturedelectionsystemandculture

clickmeUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度Whatwecanlearnfrom

Ameri31THEENDUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度THEENDUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度32演讲完毕，谢谢听讲!再见，seeyouagainUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度2022/12/19演讲完毕，谢谢听讲!再见，seeyouagainUSel33AmericanPresidential

ElectionPreparedby:May

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度AmericanPresidentialElection34StartwiththeConstitution(宪法)

quadrennial

TheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.BasicintroductionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度StartwiththeConstitution(宪法35ContentPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度ContentUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度36Terms:NomorethantwotermsortenyearsUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度USelectoralsystem美国选举制度37Rewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirementPresidentialJobDescriptionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度PresidentialJobDescriptionUS38党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的领导USelectoralsystem美国选举制度党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的39（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationprocess)总统候选人竞选正式选举(generalelection)primaryelction党的全国代表大会procedureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnextJan选举人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一

大选日选民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二

国会两院联席会议上计票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大选结果declareelectionresults1月20日宣誓就职nomination（1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制（2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制（3）1968年至今的预选提名制USelectoralsystem美国选举制度（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationproc40PresidentialElectionSystemElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.USelectoralsystem美国选举制度PresidentialElectionSystemEl41Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstate'sallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.

PresidentialElectionSystemTotalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度Moststatelawsestablishawi42“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:MaineandNebraskaWherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?USelectoralsystem美国选举制度“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:M4308年美国选举人分布USelectoralsystem美国选举制度08年美国选举人分布USelectoralsystem美国选44538electors100Senators435Congressmen3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia535RepresentativesinCongressUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度538electors1004353electors54550states538Senate100HouseofRepresentatives435ColombiaDC3选举人和选举人团制美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度50states538Senate100House464.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug-uration总统就职仪式ProcessofpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度4.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug47EachstatehasitsownelectorsEachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(选举委员会）大规模的USelectoralsystem美国选举制度Eachstatehasitsownelector48TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeupthe"ElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.

Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(>50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.IndirectDirectUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度IndirectDirectUSelectoralsyste49Thecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.

Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣传造势）.Thisprocesscostslots.

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度Thecandidatesofthemajorpa50总统大选电视辩论2012第一场USelectoralsystem美国选举制度总统大选电视辩论2012第一场USelectoralsys51turnoutin2008MaccineadmitedhisfailureObamawontheelectionUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度turnoutin2008Maccineadmited52NationalRepresentativesConference

AfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidate

Theybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaims

theirownpoliticalprogrammes

votersgivepromises

Servethepeoplevotersgetmoresupport

USelectoralsystem美国选举制度NationalRepresentativesConfe53二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyoneself2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponentsUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyones54Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;USelectoralsystem美国选举制度Time:thefirstTuesdayafter555.Inauguration:JanuaryinthenextyearUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度5.Inauguration:Januaryinth56USelectoralsystem美国选举制度USelectoralsystem美国选举制度57FactorsinfluencingturnoutSatisfactionQualityofcampaigns:lackofrealissues;negativeadvertisingFrequency