中学英语语法精典总结

中学英语语法精典总结1.宾语从句:1.主句若是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用适当时态。Hesays(thathewillhaveawalksoon.Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.2.主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时。HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.3.无论主句是何时态,从句若表客观真理,要用一般现在时。Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词,都要用陈述句语序。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?(不是willyouDoyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe2.状语从句:1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等,则if(如果,unless(除非,when(当…的时候,assoonas(一…就…,before,after,until,till,as(当…的时候所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.IwillcallyouupifIleaveforShanghainextweek.Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.2而主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时,如:IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.3.定语从句:关系代词who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词,既指人,也可指物。关系词作主语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略。whom只指人,只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”,when指“在那时”。Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautilandkind-hearted.Sheisagirl(who/whom/thatIknowverywell.Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.(所属Thegirlwhoistallismysister./Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.Iboughtawatch(which/thatIpaid100yuanfor.(指物Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.(在这儿Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接todosth./sbtodosth./that从句.IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.Iwish(thatIcouldbeascientist.2hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihope(thateverythinggoeswell./Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.5.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢,后无补充的结果。Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn’tmakesuchmistakes.(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事,出现了后面的结果。6.感官动词用法之一:see,hear,listento,watch,notice,feel等词,后接宾语,再接动词原形/动词ing,分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时,以上的词也常跟动词原形。IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.(正进行Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(听的是全过程Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.(频率词若以上词用于被动语态,后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式:Wesawhimgointotherestaurantwithhiswife.→Hewasseentogointotherestaurantwithhiswife.7.感官动词用法之二:look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词,后接形容词。Helooks.Itsoundsgood.Theflowerssmellbeautil.Thesweetstastesweet.Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.这些动词不用于被动语态。Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是错误的。注意:如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词,而接名词或代词:Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.8.find和think部分用法:+宾语+宾语补足语。(代替宾从宾补有以下情况:1.名词短语,Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.2.形容词短语,Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式,Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.9.wouldlike/want/feellike:1wouldlike,和want类似:

都可接名词短语:Iwouldlike/wantanotherthreedesks.

都可接带to不定式:Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.

都可接sb,然后再跟带to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.2feellike:

后也可接名词短语:Doyoufeellikesometea?

后若接动词,须用动词ing形式:Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon’tfeellikedrinkingtea.【feellike常用于疑问句或否定句中。】10.词序易错的短语:1形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词,形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousinthefridge?Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.Iwanttogosomewherewarm.2else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词,也放在后面。Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?3enough修饰形容词和副词,enough放在后面。Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别:1Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?“你对…怎么看?”(How…?句中有like,是动词。2What’stheweatherlikein…?=Howistheweatherin…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like,是介词“像”。12.take,cost,pay,spend区别:1It+take+sb+sometime+todosth.Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.2物+cost+sb+钱:Thebagcostmethirtyyuan.(cost,cost,cost若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是”:Thebagcosts30Yuan.3人+pay+sb+钱+forsth:Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.(pay,paid,paid.(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。4人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(indoingsth.Thegirlspenttwohours(insearchingtheInternet.Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.spend有时可指“度过”:spendholiday/weekends/winter13.双宾结构:pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/show/buy/ask/tell/build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb+sth.其中pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show等可接sth+tosb.buy,build等可接sth+forsb.另外,若sth是代词时,不用双宾结构。Pleasepassittome.14.部分词作连词与介词:(连词接句子,介词接名词或代词Keepcarelwhenyouarelisteningtotheteacher.(连词Keepcarelwhenlisteningtotheteacher.(介词类似的,while,than,before,after,as,since,until等。如:I’llwaituntilIhearfromher.(连词I’llwaituntilnextFriday.(介词15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一:1.动词ed作形容词:表示被动或已发生,常作定语。TheboynamedPeterismyfriend.那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用,下同。He’seatingfriedchicken.他在吃炸鸡。Thereisnotimeleft.IhavereadanovelwrittenbyLuXun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。Helivesinahousebuilttwentyyearsago.2.动词ing作形容词:表示正进行或功能,常作定语。theingboy,arunningbus,therisingsun,abusrunningontheroad,theboyinginthecorner(正进行asittingroom,thesleepingcar,thebathingsuit(功能16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二:和心理感受有关,但ed修饰人,ing常修饰物。Ifilmis!/Iwanttogotoaplace17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语:Tobeateacherismydream.Workinghardbringsyousuccess.Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.Toplanttrees(谓语用单数Readingbooks谓语用单数Listeningandwriting谓语用复数18.later/after/ago/before:1later“…时间后”结构:时间段+later常用于一般过去时。fivedays(later单独在句尾,常用于将来时:I’llseeyoulater.2after“…时间后”结构:after+时间段,常用于一般过去时,和1相同。fivedays.(after也可加句子:I’llsendyouaneIgethome.hehadsearchedtheInternetforthirtyminutes.3ago“…时间前”结构:时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。fourweeks(since+时间段+ago,主句用现在完成时4before单独放在句尾,常用现在完成时:“以前”(若是时间段+before,则常用过去完成时,译为“…时间前”:twoweeksanhour19.四季:spring春;summer夏;autumn秋;winter冬;season季20.月:January,一月;February,二月;March,三月;April,四月;May,五月;June,六月;July,七月;August,八月;September,九月;October,十月;November,十一月;December,十二月。21.星期:Sunday,星期日;Monday,星期一;Tuesday,星期二;Wednesday,星期三;Thursday,星期四;Friday,星期五;Saturday,星期六。Sunday为第一天,Saturday为最后一天。22.“也”:either,用于否定句的末尾。also,通常挨着动词,少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾,前常有逗号。aswell,只用于句尾。注意:后三个词都不用于否定句。23.带to不定式用法之一:带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时,to后动词用及物动词,不及物时需加介词。TheapplesaretootallThezoo24.(alittle/(afew:1few,little“几乎没有;少”否定词。few加可数名词复数,little加不可数名词。2afew“一些”肯定词,加可数名词复数;alittle“一些;一点”也是肯定词,加不可数名词。3另外,在too,very,so等词后用few,little;在only,just,still等词后用afew,alittle.而quiteafew/alittle译为“很多”25.及物动词+副词:puton/off/away/up/down/out;breakoff/down;turnon/off/up/down;getback;useup;giveaway/out/up/back;tryout/on;ring/callup;letdown;cleanup/out;setup;thinkup;handin/out;fixup;workout;;dressup;pickup;helpout;keepoff/out/downcutdown;writedown;wakeup(叫醒;takeoff/away;sellout;lookup/over;eatup;throwaway/off宾语是名词时,可放在中间或后边,是代词时只放在中间。26.as……as用法:1和…一样…Hisroomisasbigasmine.HerunsasfastasI/me.2as…aspossible/sbcan“尽可能…”Wewentthereassoonaspossible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。Listentotheteacherascarefullyyoucan.3有些短语有几个意思:assoonas和…一样快;一…就…;asmuchas和…一样多;多达;aslongas和…一样长;长达;只要;aswellas和…一样好;和…一样;asfaras远达;就…来说;27.prefer用法:prefersth/doingsthtosth/doingsth比起…更喜欢…prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿…也不愿…prefertodosth/preferdoingsth更喜欢做某事28.some-,any-,every-用法:1some-“某~,一些~”,用于肯定的陈述句中。若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Whynotasksomebodytohelpyou?Shallwegivehimsomethingtoeat?WhataboutCould2any-,在疑问句中仍译为“某~,一些~”Doyouhave?Is?在肯定句和否定句中译为“任何~”Youmayputtheboxtheclass.Wedon’thaveanythingtoeatthismorning.3every-“每~”,强调所有,既包括此也包括彼。Iseverybodyhere?-No,TomandLucyhaveaskedforleave.29.动词时态和形式:八个时态:一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are+v.ing、一般将来时(will/shall/begoingto+动词原形、一般过去时、过去进行时(was/were+v.ing、现在完成时(have/has+v.过去分词、过去完成时(had+v.过去分词、过去将来时(would+v.原形六个形式:原形;过去式;过去分词;第三人称单数(加s/es;现在分词(v.ing;带to不定式。30.if/whether区别:if如果(引导条件状从/是否(引导宾从whether无论(引导让步状从/是否(引导宾从都译为“是否”时,whether可接ornot,也可接带to不定式。if则不可。另外,if可接any-单词,常不接some-单词。Ifyouhavewater,pleasegivemesome.31.因为:because,常是对why的回答,语气最强。since,位置:Sinceit’salreadylate,Imustgonow.for,位置:Idrovecarefully,forit’ssnowing.as有时也指“因为”,用法基本无限制。32.表推测:must,may,might,can,could,can’tmust“一定”,可能性最大,常用于肯定句。may/might“也许”一般用于肯定句,may比might可能性大。can/could“可能”could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。beright,butIdon’tthinkyouare.Thelightintheofficeisoff.Theteacherbetherenow.33.so与such区别:so是副词,后跟形容词/副词,tall/slowly…such是形容词,后跟名词短语。badweather/goodnews…;abeautifulgirl/animportantlesson/aheavystone…;kindboys/newdesks/friendlypeople/amazingmovies…;若名词前形容词是many,much,few,little时,不用such,而用so.manyflowers/muchrain/fewfriends/littlewater…也常有“so/such…that…”句型,译为“如此…以致于…”。34.so的另两个用法:1so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语,“…也”上下文所指不是同一个人或物。ThetwinsareIwill以及对话形式:A:Iwokeuplatethismorning.B:SodidI.2so+主语+be/情态动词/助动词,“的确…是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A:Wehavelunchatschool.又如:A:Brucecanworkouttheproblem.B:Sohecan.35.neither/nor用法之一:neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语“…也不”上文是否定句。Shedidn’t或对话形式:A:Jimhasn’thadbreakfast.36.keep,make,get,have用法:1keep+sb/sthsth“让…一直做…”I’msorryforkeepingyoukeep+sth“坚持做某事”2make+sb/sth让…做某事I’lltrytomakeyouIfeelsorrythatIhavemadehimwaitforlong.3get+sb/sthsth.让…做某事。HegotPetertobuyhimapen.4have+宾语+动词原形/ing/过去分词Havehimit,please.让他做它吧。Wehadthemachine.我们让那台机器一直工作着。Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们让人修理了那台机器(让那台机器被修理了。5也都可接形容词:keepsafe/busy,keepthedoor,makeusgetthedoorhaveeverything37.used短语:usedto+动原,“过去常常”Heusedto.beusedto译为“被用来…”,后接动原。Itisusedtothings.beusedto译为“习惯于…”,后接动词ing或名词/代词.如:He’susedtoworkinglate./Weareallusedtofollowingothers.beusedfor+目的(名词或动词ing如:Englishisusedforthings.38.through/past/across:都可作介词,“穿过”前常有位移动词。Hethewindowandsawwhathecouldtakeaway.HeHe【through,内部;past,旁边;across,表面。】位移动词+past相当于动词pass;位移动词+across相当于cross.39.thenumberof/anumberof:前者“…的数量”;后者“许多的”都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语,谓语用单数;后者作主语,谓语用复数。用单数is.用复数have.40.延续性动词:Howlong,since,for,(以上见84until/till等所在HowlongmayIthisnovel?I’vesince2002.Let’suntilhecomesback..但否定句中可用短暂性动词:Iforalongtime.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:1Allboys/Alloftheboysall接可数复数,谓语也用复数。Allofthewater若接不可数,谓语用单数。2Eachboy/Eachoftheboyseach接名词单数或接of+限定词+复数,后谓语都用单数。3Both后面谓语用复数。4Nonenone+of+限定词+复数,谓语用单、复数都可。另见885-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-EitherdayisOK./EitherofthedaysisOK.谓语用单数。6-Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-Sorry,Ihavetolookaftermymotherthesetwodays.Thatis,neithertimeofthedays谓语用单数。all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/“每一个”/“没有一个”。both/either/neither两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个”42.计量表达法:数量+单位+形容词。Thebuildingistwentymeterstall./Thestreetisfortymeterswide.Thefishisfivekilosheavy./Thisbabyisonlysixmonthsold.若计量表达的后面跟有名词,则要用连字符,单位不用复数。holefish.It’sapieceoficestreet.It’saholiday.(此处计量中的形容词long可省略。43.MustI/MayI/NeedI…?用法:1MustI…?我必须…吗?A:MustIfinishthework?.2MayI…?我可以…吗?A:MayIgooutforawalknow?3NeedI…?我有必要…吗?A:NeedIcleanthehouse?44.hundred/thousand/million/billion:前有具体数字,不加s及of.否则加s,加of.如:people.等。但前若有several,后常不加s和of:45.反意疑问句(QT部分用法:1something,nothing,anything,everything作主语,QT主语用it.Somethingiswrong,isn’tNothingisdifficult,is?2IthinkLucycandowellintheexam,?Idon’tthinkhewillQT要结合think后的从句而定。3祈使句的QT一般用willyou?而Let’s…用shallwe?Getupnow,willyou?Don’tbenoisy,willyou?Bequiet,willyou?Pleasedon’ttalk,willyou?Letusdoitnow,willyou?Let’s4Therebe句型,QT主语用there.Thereisamanworkinginthefield,ThereusedtobeameetingonFriday,Therewon’tbeamovieinthetheatre,46.puton,wear,dress,in:1puton,“穿上”后接物。表行为,是短暂动词。Youshouldputonyourcoatwhenyouleave.2wear,“穿,穿着”后接物,表状态,是延续性动词。Healwayswearstheyellowsweaterinwinter./Ilikewearingbeautifulclothes.3dress,“给…穿衣”后接人。Youcandressyourself,baby.Lucyisdressingherlittlebrothernow.bedressedin后常接具有某种特征的衣物。Theladyisdressedin可直接加表颜色的词。4in,“穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物,表状态,是介词,不可作谓语,可作状语。I’veseentheboy47.虚拟语气部分用法:在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气,即if从句中用一般过去时,而主句动词用would/should+动词原形,表示与现在相反的主观设想,也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。(注意:虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.与现在事实相反可能性很小48.other/others/theother/theothers/another:1如果不特定指出哪一个,是泛指,“另一个”要用another,后加可数名词单数。cupoftea.(没特定指出哪一杯茶,是泛指。cup是单数。another也可+数字+可数复数:sixdesks.2如果只有两个或只有两部分,就给出了范围,其中另一个或另一部分是特指(other前有the.,有如下用法:第一种,所说内容只有两个:Mrs.Greenhastwosons,oneisinterestedinmath,isgoodatscience.【只有两个,用theother,不加s,后面名词可省略。】又如:Thispairofshoesisstrange.Oneisblue,yettheotherisgreen.这双鞋子很怪,一只蓝色,而另一只绿色。第二种,只有两部分:此种情况下theother后接可数名词复数,或不接名词而只在theother后加s.Twofifthsofthestudentsinourclassareboys,aregirls/aregirls.Twochildrenwent,butstayed.(其他孩子都留下了。3如果没有显示出只有两部分,未给出范围,则是泛指,不加the.LeiFenglikedhelpingHaveyouanyAlicedidn’tlikethatdress,sosheaskedtoseesome4other的另一用法:用比较级的形式,体现最高级的含义。Heistaller划线中boy用单数=Heistaller划线中boy用复数他比班里任何男孩都高(他是班里男孩中最高的。49.howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar:1howlong是对长度或时间段提问。river?-It’s5,000kilometerslong.-Forfivemonths./Since2002.2howoften是对频率提问,如:never,sometimes,often,usually,always,onceaweek,twiceaday,threetimesayear,everyday等。-Everytwodays./Twiceaweek.【若只有次数,则用howmanytimes提问:-Twice./onlyonce.】3howsoon是对“in+时间段”提问:-Inaweek./Intwodays.4howfar是对时间段’s+walk/ride/drive或计量表达提问。-Fiveminutes’walk./Anhour’sride./Thirteenminutes’drive.或者说:It’sabout20kilometers(faraway.(问和回答不同。50.分数表达:二分之一:halfa/an或ahalf.如:halfanhour=ahalfhour半小时It’shalfpastseven.(省略冠词以下情况中,分子(基数词若超过一,分母(序数词需加s:三分之一:a/onethird三分之二:twothirds四分之一:a/onefourth或a/onequarter四分之三:threefourths或threequarters.五分之一:a/onefifth五分之二:twofifths其它类推。若分数所在of短语作主语,谓语依of后的名词而定:Twofifthsofthestudents(指名词复数时,谓用复Twofifthsoftheland(指不可数时,谓用单51.到达:1getto+地点gettoShanghai/London/China接地点副词时,不带to.getthere/home/here.2arrivein+大地点(Beijing/Zhengzhou,arriveat+小地点(school/hospital,arrive只作不及物动词。所以也可单独用:Pleaseringmeupwhenyouarrive.reach只作及物动词,后直接加地点:reachBeijing/England但常不说reachhome/there/here.52.感叹句:What+名词短语+主语+谓语!Whatlazyboys(theyare!Whathardwork!Whatgoodnews!Whatagoodidea!Whatbadweather(itis!Whatapity!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Howhardtheworkis!Howfastheruns!Howrudeyouare!Howcarefullytheyarelistening!Howbadtheweatheris!53.because/instead/out等与加of的区别:1because后接句子,becauseof接名词或代词。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill./becauseofhisillness.2instead是副词,单独在句尾。insteadof还要接名词或代词。Wedidn’thaverice,wehadnoodlesinstead./insteadof3out副词,可单独用,但若接地点,先加of.(也可作介词,“向…外”,可不加of.一般不要求掌握。或early.54.toomuch,toomany与muchtoo:muchtoo“过于”,加形容词或副词原级。big/slowly等。toomuch“太多的”,加不可数名词。work/rain等。toomany“太多的”,加可数复数。books/people等。55.alone/lonely:1alone,“独自一人;单独”不含感情色彩。可当形容词,但只在系动词后作表语:Jackisalone.杰克是单身。Theoldwomanisaloneinthehouse.那位老妇一个人在屋里。可当副词,修饰动词:Shelivesalone.她独居。Canyoumove你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗?Dickiswalking狄克独自在海滩漫步。(注意:不可说veryalone.但可说verymuchalone.是特例2lonely,“孤独的;寂寞的”带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。可在系动词后作表语:Theoldmanislonely.这位老人是孤独的。Hehasmanyrelatives,buthefeels他有很多亲戚,但感到孤独。(lonely和心理感受有关,而alone和心理感受无关。也可在名词前作定语:alonelyperson一位孤独的人alonelyvillage一个偏僻的村庄(alone不可作定语56.belongto与be:me/Lucy/mybrother.(人mine/Lucy’s/mybrother’s/hers.(某物是某人的57.by常见用法:1“通过”Istud2“截止到”WillThetrainhadleft3“被”Thisnovelwaswritten4“经过”Hepassed5“在……旁边”Sitbyme.Theyareplaying58.部分用in的短语:inEnglish,inagoodway,inahurry,inpen/ink(见105,intheday(见92,indifferentsizes,indifferentshapes,inadifficultsituation,ingoodhealth,inaredcoat/inred(见46,instyle,intheopenair(露天场所59.比较级与最高级部分要点:1不规则形式或易错形式:much/many→more→mostbad/badly/ill→worse→worstfar→farther/further→farthest/furthestlittle→less→leastfew→fewer→fewestold→older/elder→oldest/eldest以ly结尾的形容词常把-ly换成-lier/-liest.2常见比较级/最高级句型:thanme.(有thanthananyotherstudentintheschool.(参照48inhisclass.(某个范围内ofthetwo(boys.(两者,此句型中加theofthethree(boys.(三者teaormilk?(两者选择tea,milkorwater?(三者选择It’sthesecond(序数词后用最高级。3“越来越…”比较级+and+比较级Hecriedharderandharder.Sheisgettingtallerandtaller.类似:biggerandbigger/happierandhappier/fatterandfatter/strongerandstronger/richerandricher/worseandworse…另一种情况:moreandmorebeautiful/slowly/carefully/…4“越…,越…”“the+比较级”分别置于两句的开头,倒装。ThemoredifficultEnglishis,theharderyoushouldstudy.Theyoungerweare,themoreenergywehave.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillget.5“越来越多的…”moreandmore+名词peoplearegettingricherandricher.desks/paper/trees/water….6“…得多”much+形容词/副词比较级Thisroomismuch类似:muchtaller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better…以及:muchmorecareful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious…7“另外的…(个…”结构:数量+more+名词onemoretowel,threemoresuits,manymoretiles,muchmoretruth,somemoremeat,alotmorewood,alittlemoreexperience,oncemore=onemoretime=again.这种结构有时也可用another+数字+名词替代:fivemoretrees=anotherfivetrees(记住词的位置60.talk,tell,say,speak:1talk只作不及物动词。Don’tourEnglishstudy?histeacher.you?(talkwith/tosbtalkaboutsth2tell只作及物动词,“告诉;讲”。常接双宾结构。Mr.Litoldaninterestingstory.Whotoldthenews?3say必须接有内容。itnothing.“Idisagreewithyou.”saidTom.Whatsay若接sb,则需先加to:you.“Ioversleptthismorning.”hesaidme.4speak“说话”不及物动词。接人时先加介词to.MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?可表说话的能力。Thebabycanspeaknow.Thereissomethingwrongwithhisthroat,hecan’t“演讲,发言”Whowill“说”可作及物动词。61。sometimes/sometimes/sometime/sometime:sometimes:“有时”=attimes.Heisimeslateforschool.sometimes:“几次”IhavebeentoNanjingsometimes.sometime:“某一时刻”Iboughtitsometimelastspring.We’llmeetagainsometimenextweek.sometime:“一段时间”Wehavetostayhereforsometime.62.need的用法:1need可当情态动词(和can等用法类似,但needgonow?(need在一般疑问句的开头Ineedn’ttellyoutheanswer.(否定句中直接在need后加not【当情态动词时,need无时态变化。】2need可当行为动词(和want等用法类似:abike.(后可直接加名词togoovermylessons.(后接带to不定式tohavearest?(一般疑问句中do,does,did在句首Wetowaitforhercoming.(否定句中do,does,did提前【注:need后接表被动的内容时,可表达为:】63.dowith与dealwith:都译为“处理,对付,安排,应付”donewiththemilk?用what提问。dealwiththisproblem?用how提问。下面两句由此而来:Couldyoutellmewhattodowiththemilk?dealwiththisproblem?64.就近原则:常见的有:Eitheryouandtwocatsintheyard.(therebe句型NotonlyyouNeitheryou65.主谓一致:One/Neither(单数谓语Tom(主语是Tom,单数谓语Thispair(主语是pair,单数谓语Theshoes(主语无pair,复数谓语Everyboyandeverygirl(单数谓语TheoldTheyoung(the加形容词表一类人,谓语用复数Mr.andMrsGreen指格林夫妇(复数谓语Theteacherandwriter指教师兼作家,一个人,单数谓语。BothyouandI(复数谓语thenumberof与anumberof参见39.(分数表达见5066.quite/such/really用法之一:如果出现不定冠词时,常放在后面。It’squiteaneasyquestion.Heisquiteacleverboy.It’ssuchanimportantlesson.(另见33Lilyisreallyalazygirl.67.部分用what提问的句型:Whatsizedoyouwant?Whatwillyoudowiththeproblem?populationofChina?dayisittoday?thedatetoday?priceofthisone?68.therebe部分用法:1Thereisonly2常有以下结构:theremay/will/must/isgoingto/usedto/…be.…3therebe中不可再出现have/has/had(有的词。另一用法见45。69.常见表否定的词或短语:no,not,hardly,few,little,neither,nor,nothing,nobody,none,nowhere等.有些有时在某些句型中也相当于否定,如without,too…to…withouttootiredto但前缀如dis--,un--,in--或后缀如--less,并不表否定。70.常见后接动词原形的词或短语:whynot/hadbetter/please/wouldyouplease/let/make/情态动词,等等。【注意否定形式:hadbetter/wouldyouplease/let直接加not+动原;而please加don’t+动原】71.常见后接动词ing的词或短语:finish/enjoy/practice/giveup/endup/putoff/consider/keep/feellike/prefer…to…/can’thelp/bebusy/beworth/taketurns/miss(错过/spend/havefun/介词等。72.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语:want/hope/wish/allow/encourage/ask/tell/pretend/decide/plan/invite/urge/advise/warn/seem/inorder(为了/疑问词,等等。另外,it作形式主语,后也常有带to不定式。【否定:以上大多词+not+todosth】73.被动语态(be+v.过去分词用法:Ididit.→Itwasdone.双宾:Hetoldusastory.→Weweretoldastory.→Astorywastoldtous.Shepassedmeapen.→Iwaspassedapen.→Apenwaspassedtome.情态动词:Wecanmakeaplan.→Aplan进行时态:Tomiswritingaletter.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyTom.完成时态:Ihavefinishedthework.→Theworkhasbeenfinished.74.名词或所属格作定语:1强调性别时amandoctor/twomendoctors;awomanteacher/sixwomenteachers被修饰词是单数时,性别也用单数;被修饰词是复数时,性别也用复数。2agirlactor/fourgirlactorsaboyplayer/twoboyplayersabusstation/somebusstations复数只变被修饰的词。3aholiday/theDay/theChildren’sDay“复数+’s”作定语,译为“…的…”4Father’sDay/Mother’sDay此处“单数+’s”作定语。(附:and连接的名词所属格:fathersareworkers.分别是两个人的爸爸,所以应分别加“’s”fatherisveryinteresting.两个人共有的爸爸,所以在两人后只加一个“’s”。75.win与beat区别:win后加物:I’msureJimthematch.thefirstplaceinthesportsmeeting.而beat后加的是人:I’mafraidtheywillbeatus.theboys’team.(男子队,相当于人。76.it/that/one的部分用法:1it指上文的某个事物,和上文是同一个。Thisbookisveryuseful.Iwilltakegoodcareofit也可指上文所说的事:Mysonhaslosthimselfinthecomputergames.I’mworriedabout2that与上文所说是同一类,但不是同一个,常指不可数名词。ThefoodinChinaisquitedifferentfromthatinAmerica.TheweatherofHainanisbetterthanofGansu.that也可指上文所说的事:A:Ihadanaccidentandbrokemylegs.B:I’msorrytohear.3one指代上文所说的某类可数名词单数,但不是同一个物。Thissweateristooexpensive,doyouhaveanotherone?(也指毛衣,但不是上文那个77.at/bytheendof,intheend的区别:1attheendof+时间点或地点,“在…的尽头,在…的末尾”March.(加时间thebed.(加地点2bytheendof+时间点,“截止到…末”若接过去的时间点,常用过去完成时:Theyhadplantedsixthousandtreesbytheendoflastmonth.若接将来的时间,常用一般将来时:Weshallfinishtheworkbytheendofnextmonth.3intheend“最后”,后不加of短语:78.havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin:1havegoneto+地点“已去了…(还未回来”-Ican’tfindthosechildren,wherearethey?去了农场,不在这儿2havebeento+地点“去过…(原来去过,现在已回”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before,或句中常有ever,never等。threetimestwobigcities.beforenever/everneverbefore.(此短语省略了to3havebeenin+地点,“已在…(多久了”句尾常接for+时间段,或since+时间点/一般过去时的句子。foralongtime.I’for2hours/since2hoursago.(此短语省略了in79.all/whole用法thethethestudents…【all在定冠词the前】thewholeschool/thewholecountry/thewholearea…【whole在定冠词the后】80.abit/alittle区别:都可作副词,后直接加形容词和副词。I’mhungry.tired.也可作代词或形容词,后接名词时有所不同:drink.breadandwentout.(alittle直接加名词而下文:drink.breadandwentout.(abit先加of再加名词81.“擅长”与“不擅长”;“对…有利”与“对…有害”:“擅长”:begoodat/dowellin“不擅长”:bebadin/bepoorin/beweakin/dobadlyin“对…有利”:begoodfor“对…有害”:bebadfor82.表数量的词和短语的部分用法:1none/all/some/most/plentyof/alotof(lotsof后既可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。2many/(afew/anumberof/several只接可数名词复数。3much/(alittle/abitof只接不可数名词。83.易用错的副词:1really可修饰动词、副词和形容词,常在它们前面。Ilovereading.Imissyou.(修饰动词Tomspeaksquickly.汤姆说得非常快。(修饰副词It’skindofyou.你真好。(修饰形容词2verymuch常修饰动词want,miss,hate,love,like,dislike,enjoy,takeafter(长得像…,move(使…感动,excite(使…激动等等。常在句尾。Jackwantstogothereverymuch.杰克很想去那儿。Ihate我很讨厌背单词。Heenjoyed他很喜欢这部电影。Hetakesafter他长得很像他妈妈。(verymuchI’mhappyverymuch.Heisluckyverymuch.都是3very修饰形容词和副词,放在它们前面:Sheiskind.Iamhappy.Peterspeaksslowly.(very不可修饰动词:IverylikeEnglish.Heverymissesyou.等类似结构都是错误的。84.常用于现在完成时的词或短语句谓语用延续性动词;Howlong(对时间段或for与since引导的内容提问,句中谓语也用延续性动词in/allone’slife(在某人一生;in/duringthepast/last+时间段(在最近的…时间内;sofar(到目前为止;yet(用于句尾,用在疑问句或否定句中;already(用于句中或句尾,用在肯定的陈述句中;ever;never;just;before(单独用在句子末尾,常用此时态。但若时间段加before,常用过去完成时以及recently等.85.形容词与副词区别:1形容词修饰名词,作定语(划线部分:girl.weather!bike.形容词可在系动词后,作表语(划线部分:ThegirlisHisfaceturnedIttastes2副词(划线部分修饰动词、形容词、副词,也可修饰整个句子。HeranPleasespeakTimlives修饰动词angry.tired.I’mlucky.修饰形容词early.well.修饰副词IfailedtheEnglishexam.修饰整个句子86.everyday与everyday:everyday是形容词,后接名词,“日常的”。English.everyday是副词,作时间状语,“每天”。WespeakEnglisheveryday.87.everyone与everyone:1everyone“每个人;大家;所有人”,只指人。后不接of短语。2everyone“每一个”既可指人,也可指物。后要接of短语。ofushasadictionary.ofthetreesistall.88.none与noone:1noone“没有一人”只指人,后不接of短语。(以上因后面无of短语,故不用none2none“没有人;没有任何东西”既可指人,也可指物;既可指可数名词,也可指不可数名词。后常接of短语。childrenhas/havebeentoBeihaiPark.(此处指人。因后有of短语,故不用nooneA:Howmanyelephantsdidyouseethere?(对话中none单独用,指物,不用noone.89.乘交通工具之表达:(无冠词ahorseback/hisbike/theplane/aship(有冠词或限定词his/acar(car前用infoot5动词短语:90.kindof与kindsof:1kindof单独用,表示“有点”,后接形容词或副词:Heiskindofthin.”他有点瘦”Ifeelkindofhungry.”我有点饿”UncleWangspeakskindofquickly.王叔叔说得有点快。2若kindof前有a,this,that等,译为“一种,这种,那种”后加名词。questionisdifficulttoanswer.那类问题难回答。3熟记一些短语:allkindsof...“各种各样的...”manykindsof“很多种类的”differentkindsof“不同种类的”后加名词。动词,后接语言。DoyouspeakEnglish?91.rain/snow/wind的常见修饰词:astrongwind“一阵强风”aheavyrain“一场大雨”heavysnow“大雪”(以上是名词短语blowhard“猛烈地吹”snowheavily“下大雪”rainhard/heavily“下大雨”(以上是动词短语92.day的部分用法:1onTeachers’Day表节日或周几前用“on”.2intheday/daytime“在白天”前加“in”。3ineightdays“八天后”用“in”。4(inthose/thesedays“在过去/现在”5today,next/last/this/that/every/allday等前面常不加介词。同样,onSunday/Monday/.../Saturday介词用的是on(有时可省略,若有next/last/this/that/every等时不再加on.93.个别名词的部分用法:1family“家庭;家庭成员”指整体时,表示单数,谓语动词用单数形式;指成员时,表示复数,谓语用复数形式:Hisfamilyisgoingtomove.Myfamilyislarge.(以上指整体,谓语用单数Myfamily我全家人很健康。(指成员,谓语用复数一般不再区分谓语的单复数形式。类似的还有:staff(职员,class,team,public(公众,government等.2有些名词只表复数,谓语只用复数。如people,police,cattle等:ThepoliceThecattle3deer,fish,sheep等词的单数和复数形式相同:adeer(一只鹿