高中英语一轮复习 宾语从句和表语从句讲解 练习

PAGEPAGEPAGE13宾语从句与表语从句专题宾语从句与表语从句专题原句感知自主探究①OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.②ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo.③Iwonder,Mr.Adams,ifyou'dmindusaskingafewquestions.④Ididn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.⑤That'swhywe'vegivenyoutheletter.⑥Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(1)左栏6个句子中的黑体部分都是主句中的从句，这些从句在词性上相当于一个名词，故被称作名词性从句。(2)句①②③④中的黑体部分属于宾语从句。(3)句⑤⑥中的黑体部分属于表语从句。语法点一：宾语从句1．概念：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句，叫做宾语从句。它可以充当句中谓语动词、介词或形容词的宾语，有时也作非谓语动词的宾语。2．连接词的用法(1)that引导的宾语从句Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelp.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。TheSwedestoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.那个瑞典人站着一动不动，只是嘴唇还微微在动。Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthatyouwereaskednottocareaboutit.他说你太年轻，还无法理解这件事情，你也不要去管它。[点津]that引导的宾语从句有时可作间接宾语。Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。即时演练1翻译句子(用that引导的宾语从句)①我听说他参军了。(join)I_heard_that_he_had_joined_the_army._②他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的。(through)He_told_us_that_they_would_help_us_through_the_whole_work.③我对他一无所知，只知道他是南方人。(except)I_know_nothing_about_him_except_that_he_is_from_the_south._(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句whether或if引导宾语从句时，在句中不充当成分，但是含“是否”之意，从句要用陈述语序。Hehasn'tdecidedwhether/ifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。I'llseewhether/ifIcanadvisehimtoacceptit.我要看看我是否能劝他接受。[点津]用whether而不用if引导宾语从句的情况：(1)作介词的宾语时，只能用whether；(2)与or或ornot连用时只能用whether；(3)用于There'ssomedoubtwhether...句型中；(4)少数动词如：leave,put,discuss等后的宾语从句常用whether。Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.不知是否他们会来参加我们的聚会。Itdependsonwhetheritwillbefine.那得看是不是晴天。Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.我不知道他是否会来。Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcomeintime.他是否能及时赶到值得怀疑。即时演练2根据要求完成下列题目①“Haveyouseenthefilm？”heaskedme.(改为宾语从句)→Heaskedme.②我为是否伤了她的感情而忧虑。(完成句子)Iworryabout.③我不知道他是否会出席会议。(翻译句子).(3)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever和连接副词when,where,how,why，这些连接词都有词义，除引导从句外，还在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。这种宾语从句有疑问意义，但不是疑问句，不能用疑问语序，而要用陈述语序。ThePoliceaskedmehowtheaccidenthappened.警察问我事故是怎么发生的。(how作状语)Hewantedtoknowwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。(what作宾语)DoyouknowwhowillbesenttoworkinXinjiang?你知道会派谁去新疆工作吗？(who作主语)Hedidn'ttellmewhenwewouldmeetagain.他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。(when作状语)CanIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofthisproject?我能和负责这个项目的人谈谈吗？(whoever作主语)[点津]“疑问词＋­ever”结构的词可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句，而“nomatter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句。[辨析]what和which引导宾语从句的区别what意为“什么”，所涉及之物无范围which意为“哪一个”，所涉及之物有范围Theywantedtoseewhichshopwouldofferthebestservice.(他们要看好几家商店)他们想看看哪家商店提供的服务最好。Theywantedtoseewhatshopheopenedlastweek.(他们想知道他所开的那个商店的类型)他们想看看他上一周开的是什么商店。即时演练33－1.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空①Wearediscussingweshalldotohelpthepoor.②Journalwriterswriteabouttheirtravelsiniscalledatraveljournal.③Iwonderyouaregettingonwithyourstudies.④Canyoutellmehewillcomeback?⑤Canyouhelptofindoutwalletitis?3．注意事项(1)it作形式宾语当某些动词后的宾语从句之后有宾语补足语(通常是形容词或名词)时通常以it代替that宾语从句作形式宾语，这时that不可省略。常见的这类动词有find,think,consider,make,feel等。Wefinditdifficultthatweshouldfinishtheworkontime.我们发现我们按时完成工作有困难。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。[点津]在like,enjoy,love,hate，等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词或一些特殊动词(短语)如take,dependon,relyon,seeto等后若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式宾语it。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了，他们会支持你的。(2)宾语从句的否定转移当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等表示“认为、相信、猜测”等意义的动词，其后接宾语从句时，若从句表示否定意义，则常把否定词not转移到主句谓语部分。Idon'tthinkhewillcomethisevening.我认为他今天晚上不会来。Idon'tsupposethat'shisfault,isit?我认为那不是他的过错，是吗？(3)宾语从句的虚拟语气表示“建议、命令、要求、决定、主张”等动词后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。这类动词主要有insist,order,demand等。Heinsistedthatallofus(should)bethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。[助记]后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀一个坚持(insist)；两个命令(order,command)；三条建议(advise,suggest,recommend)；四项要求(demand,desire,require,request)。语法点二：表语从句1．概念：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫做表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。2．连接词的用法(1)that引导的表语从句用法：①无意义②不充当成分③不可省略Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn'tbeeninformed.他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。(2)whether引导的表语从句Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。[点津]if不能引导表语从句。(3)连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。ThisiswhatIaminterestedin.这就是我所感兴趣的。That'swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。(4)because,asif/though等引导的表语从句It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。NowitseemsasthoughshehadknownMillieforyears.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。3．注意事项(1)why和because引导的表语从句的区别That'swhy...意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果That'sbecause...意为“那是因为……”，强调原因Ididn'tphoneher,andthat'swhyshegotangrywithme.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。Ididn'tphoneher,andthat'sbecauseIgotangrywithher.(强调“生气”这一原因)我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。(2)表语从句中的虚拟语气在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice,suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。即时演练5完成句子①Mydecisionisthat_we_are_to_startat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.我的决定是我们明天早上6点出发。②Theproblemiswhether_the_meeting_will_be_held．问题是是否要举行会议。③That'sbecause_he_didn't_understand_me．那是因为他没有理解我。④Mysuggestionisthat_we_(should)_catch_up_with_the_other_classes．我的建议是我们要赶上其他班级。⑤Theproblemiswho_we_can_get_to_replace_her．问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。课堂训练一．用适当的连接词填空1．Ifnot,letmeknowtimesuitsyoubest.2．Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.3．Webelievethestudentsinourschoolhavelearnedalotfromtheexchangeprogram.4．Hisuncletellshimifhiscousinwinsthecompetition,thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.5．Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.6．Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigateisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.7．Youhavetoknowyou'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.8．—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—Iamnottoblame,mum.I'myouhavemademe.9．Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwashescoredthewinninggoal.10．Somepeoplebelievehashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.课后作业训练Ⅳ.完形填空Yearsago,Iwouldwakeuptwoorthreetimeseachnightbecauseofterriblepains.Havingwatchedmyfatherdieofcancer,I__1__thatIalsohadacancer.SoIwenttoaclinic.Adoctorexaminedme,gavemesomemedicineandclearedmymindof__2__thatIhadacancer.HesuggestedIshouldrelax.Afterhearingthesewords,Ifelt__3__andactedonthedoctor's__4__．OnedaywhileIwaslookingoveranaccumulationofold__5__onmattersthatwerepastandgone,Ithrewthemintothewastebasketonebyone.__6__Istoppedandsaidtomyself,“Bill,whydon'tyoudothe__7__thingwithyourworriesthatyouaredoingwiththesenotes？”Thatideagavemeimmediate__8__—gavemethefeelingofaweightbeingliftedfromme.Fromthatday,Ihavemadeita(n)__9__tothrowintothewastebasketallthe__10__thatIcannolongerdoanythingabout.Thenonedaywhilemywifewaswipingthedisheshappily,anotheridea__11__tome.Ithought,“Look,Bill,how__12__yourwifeis.Hadshethoughtofwashingthepileofdirtydisheslikeabarntheseyears,shewouldhavebeen__13__bythethought.Thereasonmywifedoesn't__14__washingthedishesnowisthatshewashesonlyoneday'sdishesatatime.”Isawwhatmy__15__was.Iwastryingtowashtoday'sdishesandyesterday'sdishesand__16__thedishesthatweren'tdirtyyet.Isawhow__17__Iwas.Iusedtostandinfrontofpeople,tellingotherpeoplehowtolive,yetImyselfwasleadingatense,worried,hurriedexistence.Ifelt__18__ofmyself.Worriesdon't__19__meanymore.Inowthrowyesterday'sanxietiesintothewastebasket,andIhave__20__tryingtowashtomorrow'sdirtydishestoday.语篇解读：作者曾经生活得过度紧张，夜不能寐，甚至怀疑自己得了绝症，但他最终通过观察生活细节悟出了让自己生活轻松、充实的办法。1．A.declaredB．fearedC．acknowledgedD．confirmed2．A.dissatisfactionB．misfortuneC．doubtD．threat3．A.relievedB．optimisticC．contentD．depressed4．A.opinionsB．experienceC．promisesD．advice5．A.booksB．papersC．notesD．clothes6．A.SuddenlyB．GraduallyC．EventuallyD．Obviously7．A.meaningfulB．sameC．importantD．unique8．A.anxietyB．confusionC．strengthD．inspiration9．A.ruleB．orderC．differenceD．plan10．A.habitsB．achievementsC．failuresD．problems11．A.returnedB．happenedC．occurredD．appealed12．A.determinedB．pleasedC．surprisedD．puzzled13．A.encouragedB．disappointedC．defeatedD．surprised14．A.enjoyB．mindC．considerD．avoid15．A.thoughtB．embarrassmentC．excuseD．trouble16．A.evenB．stillC．mainlyD．partly17．A.foolishB．intelligentC．modestD．abnormal18．A.consciousB．ashamedC．proudD．terrified19．A.convinceB．opposeC．exciteD．bother20．A.admittedB．delayedC．stoppedD．regrettedⅤ.阅读理解AO.HenrywasapennameusedbyanAmericanwriterofshortstories.HisrealnamewasWilliamSydneyPorter.HewasborninNorthCarolinain1862.Asayoungboyhelivedanexcitinglife.Hedidnotgotoschoolforverylong,buthemanagedtoteachhimselfeverythingheneededtoknow.Whenhewasabout20yearsold,O.HenrywenttoTexas,wherehetrieddifferentjobs.Hefirstworkedonanewspaper,andthenhadajobinabank,whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,O.Henrywasbelievedtohavestolenit.Becauseofthat,hewassenttoprison.Duringthethreeye